Bembidion (Zemetallina) parviceps Bates, 1878

Larochelle, André, Zeperyphodes, Broun & Larivière, Marie-Claude, 2015, Synopsis of the genus Bembidion Latreille in New Zealand (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Bembidiini), Insecta Mundi 2015 (415), pp. 1-78 : 39-40

Bembidion (Zemetallina) parviceps Bates, 1878

Fig. 28 , 61 , 93

Bembidium parviceps Bates, 1878a: 194 . Type locality: Tairua, CL ( Bates 1878a: 194); Auckland, AK ( Lindroth 1976: 193, lectotype designated).

Other synonymy as in Larochelle and Larivière (2001: 82).

Description. Body length 4.1–5.3 mm. Black; antennae black (segment 1 rufous); femora black (tibiae and tarsi paler, rufous black). Microsculpture absent on head, pronotum, and elytra (present in other Zemetallina species). Very shiny, sometimes with slight metallic lustre (greenish or bluish). Forebody narrow in comparison to elytra. Head. Antennae filiform, moderately long (reaching about elytral shoulders). Thorax. Pronotum moderately convex, moderately wide; sides moderately rounded anteriorly, moderately sinuate posteriorly; posterolateral angles obtuse; laterobasal foveae moderately deep, linear, short, not reaching basal margin. Epipleura (in dorsal view) exposed in front of posterolateral angles. Elytra. Moderately convex, subovate, moderately wide, widest about middle. Shoulders moderately rounded. Sides subparallel. Scutellar striole consisting of a row of punctures. Striae 2–6 incomplete, shallow, coarsely punctate; stria 7 strong, incomplete, coarsely punctate. Intervals slightly convex. Apical striole absent or almost so, not connected to stria 5 or 7; preapical setiferous puncture isolated. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII) of female with numerous short setae in addition to four long ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view ( Fig. 61 ): slightly arcuate, rather wide; base strongly convex dorsally; middle moderately convex dorsally (with a slight concavity towards the apex), slightly concave ventrally; apex subtriangular, slightly convex dorsally, slightly concave ventrally, with extreme tip wide and short.

Material examined. 608 specimens ( CMNH, JNNZ, LUNZ, MONZ, NZAC).

Geographic distribution ( Fig. 93 ). North Island: AK, BP, CL, GB, HB, ND, RI, TO, WA, WN, WO. South Island: BR, CO, DN, FD, KA, MB, MC, MK, NC, NN, SC, SD, WD.

Ecology. Lowland, montane, subalpine. Epigean. Banks of swift-running brooks and small rivers, at a certain distance (1–3 m) from water. Open ground; wet, finely gravelly, bare soil. Nocturnal; hides during the day under stones and among gravel. Gregarious.

Biology. Seasonality: September–April, August. Tenerals: January–April. Often infested with fungi (Laboulbeniales). Defence mechanism: when alarmed, the adult escapes by running.

Dispersal power. Macropterous, probably capable of flight. Moderate runner. Vagility likely favoured by flight capacity.

Collecting techniques. Turning stones; raking the soil; pouring water over the ground.

Reference. Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 82 (catalogue; biology, dispersal power, ecology, geographic distribution, references).

Remark. This is a very distinctive species easily recognized by the lack of dorsal microsculpture and the forebody narrow in comparison to the elytra.

Bembidion (Zemetallina) waiho new species Fig. 29 , 62 , 104

Bembidion waiho Larochelle and Larivière , new species. Holotype: male (NZAC) labeled: “NEW ZEA- LAND WD Franz Josef , Waiho River 100 m 4323 S 17010 E 11.III.2007 Larivière, Larochelle (typed)/ Moist, sandy glacial river moraine; scattered stones & gravel. Under embedded stones on sand; 2–3 m from water. (typed) / HOLOTYPE [male symbol] Bembidion waiho Larochelle & Larivière, 2015 (red label; typed).” Paratypes: one male (CMNZ) and two females (MONZ, NZAC) from the same locality as the holotype, bearing blue paratype labels.

Description. Body length 3.5–4.6 mm. Black; antennal segments 1–4 pale rufous (segments 3–4 infuscated apically), segments 5–11 dark rufous; femora rufous, tibiae yellow, tarsi infuscated yellow. Microsculpture isodiametric, feeble on head (absent on anterior two-thirds) and pronotum (almost erased on disc), moderately strong on elytra. Shiny, without metallic lustre or with very slight metallic lustre (aeneous). Forebody moderately wide in comparison to elytra. Head. Antennae filiform, moderately long (reaching about elytral shoulders). Thorax. Pronotum moderately convex, moderately wide; sides strongly rounded anteriorly, oblique posteriorly; posterolateral angles obtuse, somewhat sharp at tip; laterobasal foveae moderately deep, linear, very long, reaching basal margin. Epipleura (in dorsal view) exposed in front of posterolateral angles. Elytra. Depressed, subelongate, moderately wide, widest about middle. Shoulders moderately rounded. Sides subparallel. Scutellar striole consisting of a row of punctures. Striae 2–6 incomplete, shallow, finely punctate; stria 7 obsolete, incomplete, with or without rudimentary punctures. Intervals depressed. Apical striole absent; preapical setiferous puncture isolated. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII) of female with numerous short setae in addition to four long ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view ( Fig. 62 ): strongly arcuate; base strongly convex dorsally; middle gradually narrowed (with a strong angle basally), very slightly convex dorsally, moderately concave ventrally; apex subtriangular, straight dorsally, very slightly concave ventrally, with extreme tip wide and short.

Material examined. 26 specimens ( CMNZ, MONZ, NZAC).

Geographic distribution ( Fig. 104 ). South Island: WD –Franz Josef, Waiho River. Hokitika. Karangarua River (between Highway 6 and Rough Creek). Poerua River (Highway 6 junction). Wanganui River (Highway 6 junction).

Ecology. Lowland. Fossorial. River banks and beds, at a certain distance (2–5 m) from water. Open ground; wet bare soil with fine sand and scattered stones. Nocturnal; hides during the day under well embedded stones. Gregarious.

Biology. Seasonality: November, March. Tenerals: March. Occasionally infested with fungi (Laboulbeniales). Defence mechanism: when alarmed, the adult escapes by running.

Dispersal power. Macropterous, probably capable of flight. Moderate runner. Vagility likely favoured by flight capacity.

Collecting techniques. Turning stones; pouring water over the ground.

Remarks. The name of this species is based on its type locality, Waiho River (Franz Josef, WD). Bembidion waiho is morphologically close to B. urewerense . In addition to diagnostic characters of the male genitalia, B. waiho has the following distinguishing features: pronotum with sides oblique posteriorly and posterolateral angles obtuse; elytra depressed, subelongate, with sides subparallel, striae 2–6 finely punctate, stria 7 obsolete with or without rudimentary punctures, apical striole absent, and preapical setiferous puncture isolated. Both species are allopatric: B. waiho is restricted to the western South Island (WD) while B. urewerense occurs in southern areas of the North Island.

Figures

Figures 25–28. Dorsal habitus. 25) Bembidion tekapoense. 26) B. anchonoderus. 27) B. stewartense. 28) B. parviceps. Scale line = 1 mm.

Figures 61–69. Aedeagi, lateral. 61) Bembidion parviceps. 62) B. waiho new species. 63) B. urewerense. 64) B. mangamuka new species. 65) B. solitarium. 66) B. bullerense new species. 67) B. hokitikense. 68) B. chalceipes. 69) B. wanakense.

Figures 89–94. Species distribution maps. 89) Bembidion maorinum maorinum. 90) B. musae. 91) B. nesophilum. 92) B. orbiferum. 93) B. parviceps. 94) B. puponga new species.

Figures 29–32. Dorsal habitus. 29) Bembidion waiho new species. 30) B. urewerense. 31) B. mangamuka new species. 32) B. solitarium. Scale line = 1 mm.

Figures 101–106. Species distribution maps. 101) Bembidion tillyardi. 102) B. townsendi. 103) B. urewerense. 104) B. waiho new species. 105) B. waimarama new species. 106) B. wanakense.