Silene microsperma subsp. cypria Eggens, F.Jafari & Oxelman, 2020

Eggens, Frida, Jafari, Farzaneh, Thollesson, Mikael, Crameri, Simon, Zarre, Shahin & Oxelman, Bengt, 2020, Phylogeny and species delimitation in Silene sect. Arenosae (Caryophyllaceae): a new section, PhytoKeys 159, pp. 1-34 : 1

8b. Silene microsperma subsp. cypria Eggens, F.Jafari & Oxelman nom. nov.

≡ Silene stenocalyx H.Lindb., Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 2(7): 15. 1946. nom. illeg. [non Rouy & Foucaud]. Type: [Cyprus], Famagusta, in colle arenoso juxta mare, 8 July 1939, H. Lindberg s.n. (lectotype, designated by G. Lazkov in H. Väre (2012: 82): H! [H-1339014]; isolectotypes: LE! [LE01051367], H! [H-1339012, H1339013, H1339014, H1339015, H1339017], K! [K000728453, K000728454], CAI! [CAI000023])

≡ Silene kotschyi Boiss. var. stenocalyx (H. Lindb.) Chowdhuri, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 276. 1957. Type: Based on S. stenocalyx

Description.

20.0-40.0 cm tall, erect or spreading. Stem pubescent in lower part, more or less glabrous but with sessile glands in upper part; with 10-20 distinct internodes, the uppermost internode 2.0-4.0 cm long and equal to the next upper internode. Cauline leaves oblanceolate 10.0-30.0 × 1.0-2.0 mm, pubescent. Calyx 12.0-13.0 mm long, campanulate at anthesis and clavate in fruit, pubescent, scabrous; teeth unequal; shorter ones 1.5-2.0 mm, lanceolate, acuminate; longer ones 2.0-2.5 mm, lanceolate, acuminate; marginal hairs long (longer than 0.5 mm), dense. Inflorescence non-divaricate, branch axile (much) less than 90°. Petal claws 6.0-7.0 mm long, ciliate; limbs 4.0-5.0 mm long, bifid, upper-surface white or pink, lobes oblong, petal limbs cleft to middle or more; coronal scales ovate, apex dentate or erose. Anthophore 5.0-6.0 mm long, densely puberulent. Anthers included; filaments 6.0-7.0 mm long, glabrous or pubescent. Styles included. First pedicel 0.5-1.0 cm in flower, and 1.0 cm in fruit, erect, glabrous, apex antrorse. Capsule 7.0 mm long, oblong, fragile, opaque. Seeds 0.7-0.9 mm wide, 0.7 mm high, testa smooth.

Distribution.

Cyprus (Famagusta) (Fig. 7 ).

Notes.

Distinguished by its rather “leafy” appearance (even more than subsp. microsperma ), due to the many short internodes (of about half to the same length as the subtending pair of leaves), the short pedicels and the short calyx teeth in comparison with the calyx tube length. Restricted to the area around Salamis and Famagusta, on the north coast of Cyprus. This subspecies is very similar to S. microsperma subsp. maritima (Boiss.) Eggens, F.Jafari & Oxelman, comb. & stat. nov. Despite the existence of morphological overlaps, S. microsperma subsp. cypria is taller and has shorter calyx.

This subspecies is nested within a clade including S. microsperma subsp. modesta (Boiss. & C.I. Blanche) Eggens, F.Jafari & Oxelman, comb. & stat. nov., S. exsudans , S. chaetodonta ID. 181 and S. georgievskyi ID. 42 in RPB2 tree (PP = 0.80, Fig. 5 ). This subspecies is closely related to S. microsperma subsp. maritima in the chloroplast phylogeny (PP = 0.93, Fig. 4 ), however, the ITS phylogeny does not have enough resolution to show the closest relative of this subspecies. All subspecies of S. microsperma except S. microsperma subsp. cypria share a 6 bp insertion in rps16. The absence of this insertion, subtle morphological differences, and geographical distinction lead us to treat it as a subspecies.

Figures

Figure 4. Phylogenetic tree resulting from Bayesian analysis of the rps 16 sequences including 71 taxa. The trees were summarized in a 50 % majority-rule consensus tree with the posterior probabilities (PP) indicated above branches. Bootstrap support values (> 75 %) based on MP and ML are noted below branches, respectively. The numbers following the taxonomic name indicate the specimen ID and Genbank numbers (Suppl. material 1), respectively.

Figure 5. Phylogenetic tree resulting from Bayesian analysis of the RPB 2 sequences including 76 taxa. The trees were summarized in a 50 % majority-rule consensus tree with the posterior probabilities (PP) indicated above branches. Bootstrap support values (> 75 %) based on MP and ML are noted below branches, respectively. The numbers following the taxonomic name indicate the specimen ID and Genbank numbers (Suppl. material 1), respectively.

Figure 7. Distribution map of S. sect. Arenosae. Each color code corresponds to one taxon: A S. arenosa B S. austroiranica C S. chaetodonta D S. exsudans E S. georgievskyi F S. leyseroides G S. linearis H S. microsperma subsp. cypria I S. microsperma subsp. maritima J S. microsperma subsp. microsperma K S. microsperma subsp. modesta L S. striata.