Scaptomyza ( Elmomyza ) obscuricornis (Grimshaw, 1901)

Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O’Grady, Patrick Michael, 2025, Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species, Zootaxa 5729 (1), pp. 1-42 : 25-26

Key to the Scaptomyza ( Elmomyza) obscuricornis Species Group

1. Male terminalia bear an enlarged and curved surstylus, without an elaborated dorsal lobe ( Fig. 19 ). Scaptomyza ctenophora species subgroup..................................................................................... 2

- Male terminalia bear a surstylus with a complex morphology, which includes an elaborated dorsal lobe ( Fig. 27 ). Scaptomyza obscuricornis species subgroup.......................................................................... 5

2. Surstylus large and semi-circular ( Fig. 19 )................................................................. 3

- Surstylus is curved, with a well-developed ventral lobe, but not semi-circular. A row of ten surstylar teeth is found in the inner margin of the dorsal portion of the surstylus ( Fig. 18 ). Hawaiʻi................... Scaptomyza brachycerca Hardy, 1965

3. A row of four surstylar teeth is found in the inner margin of the surstylus ( Fig. 21 ). Hawaiʻi...................................................................................... Scaptomyza peleae Rampasso & O’Grady , sp. nov.

- More than ten surstylar teeth are found in the inner margin of the surstylus....................................... 4

4. A row of 11 surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. Male terminalia dark ( Fig. 20 ). Maui............................................................... Scaptomyza kamohoalii Rampasso & O’Grady , sp. nov.

- A row of more than 11 surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. Male terminalia brown ( Fig. 19 ). Maui.................................................................. Scaptomyza ctenophora Hardy, 1965

5. Surstylar dorsal lobe is long and slender ( Fig. 25 )........................................................... 6

- Surstylar dorsal lobe is either blunt ( Fig. 28 ) or has a hooklike projection ( Fig. 27 )................................. 8

6. Surstylus has three projections in the inner margin. Surstylar dorsal lobe is pointed and with no bristles ( Fig. 22 )......... 7

- Surstylus has two projections in the inner margin. Surstylar dorsal lobe is not pointed and presents bristles in the apex. Surstylar ventral lobe, with a rounded base and another long and slender projection that extends posteriorly, reaching a similar length as the cercal plates, and is densely setose ( Fig. 23 ). Kauaʻi............. Scaptomyza hiiakae Rampasso & O’Grady , sp. nov.

7. Terminalia are unusually broad in posterior view. The surstylar dorsal lobe is much longer than the middle and ventral lobes ( Fig. 25 ). Maui........................................................... Scaptomyza latitergum Hardy, 1965

- Terminalia in a typical width. The dorsal and ventral surstylar lobes have similar lengths, whereas the middle lobe is short ( Fig. 22 ). Hawaiʻi............................................................... Scaptomyza adunca Hardy, 1965

8. Surstylar dorsal lobe is blunt ( Fig. 28 ).................................................................... 9

- Surstylar dorsal lobe has a hooklike projection ( Fig. 27 )..................................................... 11

9. Surstylar dorsal lobe extends posteriorly into a broad and blunt projection, which is much longer than the other terminal sclerites in lateral view. A marginal row of nine surstylar teeth is found in the middle portion of the surstylus ( Fig. 28 ). Hawaiʻi............................................................................ Scaptomyza paralobae Hardy, 1965

- Surstylar dorsal lobe extends posteriorly into a broad and blunt projection, which is shorter than the other terminal sclerites in lateral view ( Fig. 24 )................................................................................. 10

10. Surstylar dorsal lobe is blunt and extends posteriorly and reaches a similar length as the cecal plates in lateral view. Maui.............................................................................. Scaptomyza recta Hardy, 1965

- Surstylar dorsal lobe is blunt and extends posteriorly, is shorter than the cercal plates and reaches a similar length as the epandrial posterior lobe. A marginal row of seven sharp surstylar teeth is distributed in the middle and ventral portions of the surstylus ( Fig. 24 ). Kauaʻi....................................... Scaptomyza hinae Rampasso & O’Grady , sp. nov.

11. Surstylus has two conspicuous and hooklike lobes in posterior view. Dorsal lobe broad and short, ventral lobe long and slender. The inner margin of the surstylus has a distinct S-shape. No surstylar tooth is observed ( Fig. 27 ). Hawaiʻi, Maui, Molokaʻi, Oʻahu........................................................... Scaptomyza obscuricornis ( Grimshaw, 1901)

- Surstylar dorsal lobe extends medially and posteriorly. In lateral view, the dorsal lobe has a pointed and hooklike projection.. The middle portion of the surstylus is straight in posterior view and a well-developed ventral lobe extends medially. A marginal row of ten sharp surstylar teeth is distributed in the middle and ventral portions of the surstylus ( Fig. 26 ). Maui....................................................................... Scaptomyza mauii Rampasso & O’Grady , sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURE 18. Habitus of Scaptomyza brachycerca Hardy, 1965 (specimen UHIM2015.00322, [paratype]), in dorsal (A) and right lateral (B) views. Scale bar = 1 mm. Male terminalia of the respective individual in posterior (C), oblique posterior (D) and left lateral (E) views. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 19. Habitus of Scaptomyza ctenophora Hardy, 1965 (specimen UHIM2015.01062, [paratype]), in dorsal (A) and left lateral (B) views. Scale bar = 1 mm. Male terminalia of specimen OG07-0549 in posterior (C), oblique posterior (D) and left lateral (E) views. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 20. Habitus of Scaptomyza kamohoalii Rampasso and O’Grady, sp. nov. (specimen UHIM2016.48317), in dorsal (A) and left lateral (B) views. Scale bar = 1 mm. Male terminalia of the respective individual in posterior (C), oblique posterior (D) and left lateral (E) views. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 21. Habitus of Scaptomyza peleae Rampasso and O’Grady, sp. nov. (specimen UHIM2016.48350), in dorsal (A) and left lateral (B) views. Scale bar = 1 mm. Male terminalia of the respective individual in posterior (C), oblique posterior (D) and left lateral (E) views. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 22. Male terminalia of Scaptomyza adunca Hardy, 1965 (specimen UHIM2015.00155), in posterior view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 23. Habitus of Scaptomyza hiiakae Rampasso and O’Grady, sp. nov. (specimen UHIM2016.48428), in dorsal (A) and right lateral (B) views. Scale bar = 1 mm. Male terminalia of specimen UHIM2016.48425 in posterior (C), oblique posterior (D) and left lateral (E) views. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 24. Habitus of Scaptomyza hinae Rampasso and O’Grady, sp. nov. (specimen UHIM2016.48349), in dorsal (A) and left lateral (B) views. Scale bar = 1 mm. Male terminalia of the respective individual in posterior (C), oblique posterior (D) and left lateral (E) views. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 25. Habitus of Scaptomyza latitergum Hardy, 1965 (specimen UHIM2015.01440, [paratype]), in dorsal (A) and posterior (B) views. Scale bar = 1 mm. Male terminalia of the respective individual in posterior (C) view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 26. Habitus of Scaptomyza mauii Rampasso and O’Grady, sp. nov. (specimen UHIM2016.48277), in dorsal (A) and left lateral (B) views. Scale bar = 1 mm. Male terminalia of the respective individual in posterior (C), oblique posterior (D) and left lateral (E) views. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 27. Male terminalia of Scaptomyza obscuricornis (Grimshaw, 1901), attached to the pin of an undissected female individual (specimen UHIM2015.01634) in posterior (A), oblique posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 28. Habitus of Scaptomyza paralobae Hardy, 1965 (specimen UHIM2015.01770, [paratype]), in dorsal (A) and left lateral (B) views. Scale bar = 1 mm. Male terminalia of the respective individual in posterior (C), oblique posterior (D) and left lateral (E) views. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.