Xylosandrus formosae (Wood, 1992) Smith & Beaver & Cognato, 2020

Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A. & Cognato, Anthony I., 2020, A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China, ZooKeys 983, pp. 1-442 : 1

Xylosandrus formosae (Wood, 1992) comb. nov. Fig. 95C, D, J

Xyleborus formosanus Browne, 1981a: 131.

Xyleborus formosae Wood, 1992: 80 (new name for X. formosanus Browne nec Eggers 1930).

Cyclorhipidion formosanum (Browne): Beaver and Liu 2010: 24.

Type material.

Holotype (NHMUK).

New records.

China: Fujian, Chong’an, Guidun, 1000 m, 25.vi.1979, Fusheng Huang, ex Machilus leptophylla (NMNH, 1). Jiangxi, Wuxi Mt., 16.v.2017, Shengchang Lai, Tian S. et al. (RABC, 1); as previous except: 17.vii.2017 (RABC, 1). Tibet [Xizang], Motuo, 1200 m, 1.ix.1974, Fusheng Huang; ex Mallotus sp. (NMNH, 1); as previous except: 800 m, 4.ix.1974, ex Saurauia tristyla (NMNH, 1). India: [West] Bengal, Darjeeling, Debrepani, 6000 ft, 11.xi.1929, J.C.M. Gardner, ex Michelia excelsa (NMNH, 1); as previous except: 8.xii.1929 (NMNH, 1); as previous except: Kalimpong, Samsingh, 11.v.1934, N.C. Chatterjee, ex Amoora rohituka (NMNH, 2). Taiwan: Taipei Co., Fu-Shan, 10.ix.2001, J. & L. Stange, ex malaise trap (FSCA, 1). Thailand: Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon 5.viii.2002, R.A. Beaver, K. Koivisto (RABC, 1); as previous except: 13.xi.2011, W. Sittichaya (RABC, 2); as previous except: checkpoint 2, 18°31.559'N, 98°29.941'E, 1700 m, 13-21.ix.2006, Y. Areeluck, Malaise trap (QSBG, 1). Vietnam: Cao Bang, 22°36.454'N, 105°52.083'E, 1661 m, 15.iv.2014, VN33, Cognato, Smith, Pham, ex branches from large tree fall (MSUC, 12). Lao Cai, Hoang Lien N.P., 22.35, 103.77, 1500-2000 m, 19.v.2019, VN184, S.M. Smith, A.I. Cognato, ex 6 cm trunk (MSUC, 1). Thua Thien-Hue, Bach Ma N.P., 16.19718, 107.86002, 1409 m, 14.ii.2017, VN51, A.I. Cognato, T.A. Hoang, ex top half of tree, 10 cm diameter branches (MSUC, 6).

Diagnosis.

2.5-3.0 mm long (mean = 2.76 mm; n = 5); 2.27-2.55 × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the narrowly separated procoxae; mesonotal mycangial tuft absent; abundant hair-like elytral vestiture; declivital striae and interstriae uniseriate punctate; and declivity rounded, convex, unarmed, surface shagreened, appearing dull.

Similar species.

Anisandrus lineatus , Coptodryas inornata , Cyclorhipidion spp., Euwallacea fornicatus , E. kuroshio , E. perbrevis .

Distribution.

China* (Fujian, Jiangxi, Xizang), India* (West Bengal), Taiwan, Thailand*, Vietnam*.

Host plants.

This species is polyphagous and has been recorded from Saurauia ( Actinidiaceae ), Machilus ( Euphorbiaceae ), Michelia ( Magnoliaceae ), and Amoora ( Meliaceae ).

Remarks.

The unusual morphology of this species is superficially similar to that of several other genera (see similar species above). This presents a challenge in the generic identification of specimens especially if they are not pinned. Molecular phylogenetics revealed this species belongs in Xylosandrus and represents the only known Oriental species of an otherwise Australasian species group comprised of X. monteithi Dole and Beaver, X. rotundicollis (Browne), and X. woodi Dole and Beaver, in SE Asia ( Cognato et al. 2020b). It is likely most closely related to X. monteithi and X. woodi which also lack both a mesonotal mycangial tuft, and a posterolateral declivital carina.

Figures

Figure 95. Dorsal, lateral and declivital view of Xylosandrus eupatorii, 2.0 - 2.3 mm (A, B, I), X. formosae, 2.5 - 3.0 mm (C, D, J), X. germanus, 2.3 - 2.4 mm (E, F, K), and X. jaintianus holotype, 3.0 mm (G, H, L).