Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett & Ferreira, 2019

Ferreira, Wellington D., Hermes, Marcel G., Garcete-Barrett, Bolivar R. & Carpenter, James M., 2019, Two new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika (Vespidae, Eumeninae), with an updated catalog for the genus, Journal of Hymenoptera Research 71, pp. 225-240 : 227-234

Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett & Ferreira sp. nov.

Figs 8-12 , 13-15

Comments and diagnosis.

P. cambrai is quite similar to P. mearimense (Zavattari) and P. sulcata Ferreira & Hermes, sharing with them the S2 without a basal slope followed by an elevation ( Fig. 14 ); T1 distinctly filiform with basal region of greater length than the apical portion ( Figs 12 - 13 ); T2 wider than long ( Fig. 15 ); pronotal carina well developed dorsally ( Fig. 11 ); and a black body color, with few yellow marks ( Fig. 8 ). Pirhosigma cambrai is distinguished from P. mearimense and P. sulcata Ferreira & Hermes by the presence of a short, wider than long clypeus ( Fig. 9 ), curved backwards ( Fig. 10 ).

Description.

Holotype female.

Measurements.

Body length (from head to apex of T1): 5.10 mm; Forewing length (from mid tegula to apex): 6.50 mm.

Color.

Body with predominantly blackish tegument. Yellow marks as follows: stripes on inner margin of compound eyes; upper surface of the gena; narrow range in the antero-dorsal region of pronotum; narrow bands in the distal portions of the T1-T6 and S2-S6. S1 brownish. Antennae brownish. Yellow-brownish legs. Brownish wings.

Structure.

Labrum rounded, narrow. Clypeus broader than long, apically curved backwards and with short, concave and emarginated apex; small and ecarinate apical teeth present, with small distance between each other. Interantennal region without cariniform elevation. Pronotal carina well developed dorsally, gently and roundly recurved in the humeral region. Lateral surface of pronotum narrow, with the distance between pronotal fovea and the mesepisternum smaller than the size of the fovea itself. Pretegular carina absent. Parategulae pointed. Sulcus between scutellum and metanotum obsolete. T1 distinctly filiform with basal region of greater length than the apical portion; two lateral longitudinal carina present; preapical fossa present. T2 wider than long, outlined as a half oval in dorsal view; well-developed apical lamella. S2 without basal slope followed by an elevation.

Sculpture.

Clypeus without evident punctation. Frons and vertex with evident and abundant punctures, with distance between them approximately smaller than the size of a puncture; micro-punctation evident. Pronotum, upper portion of the mesepisternum, mesoscutum, scutelum, metanotum and propodeum with deep and abundant punctures, with distance between punctures smaller than the size of a puncture. Lower portion of the mesepisternum with shallow and sparse punctures, distance between them approximately greater than the size of a puncture. T1 unpunctate. T2 with micro-punctation evident.

Pilosity.

Fine whitish pubescence covering the entire body. Whitish bristles covering the head, concentrated in the clypeus. Brownish, short and thin bristles on mesosoma. Brownish and long bristles on T1-T6 and S2-S6.

Male.

Unknown.

Type material.

Holotype: PERU • 1 ♀; Madre de Dios, Manu Reserve, Pakitza Station; 1-2 Mar. 1992; R. Cambra leg. (MIUP).

Type locality.

Madre de Dios: Manu Reserve, Pakitza Station; Peru.

Etymology.

This species is dedicated to the Panamanian entomologist Roberto Cambra.

Comments.

The holotype of P. cambrai sp. nov. (female, MIUP) was compared with the holotypes of P. mearimense (Zavattari) (male, MSNG) and P. sulcata Ferreira & Hermes (male, INPA). Additional material of P. mearimense , two males and two females, were also analyzed (MSNVE). Unfortunately, the female of P. sulcata remains unknown, but by the uniformity of the clypeus between the sexes of Pirhosigma , we consider the comparison of this structure valid for the distinction between the species P. sulcata / P. mearimense from P. cambrai .

Additional examined material. Pirhosigma mearimense (Zavattari): Holotype: BRAZIL • 1 ♂; Miarim; Gribodo leg. (MSNG). SURINAME • 1 ♂; Republiek; 6 May. 1963; J. v. d. Vecht leg. (MSNVE). 1 ♀; Republiek; 24 Sep. 1963; D. C. Geyskes leg. (MSNVE) PERU • 1 ♂; El Campamiente, Colonia Perene; 21 Jun. 1920; Giordani Soika leg. (MSNVE). BOLIVIA • 1 ♀; Buenavista, Dep. Sta Cruz; alt. 450 m. (MSNVE). Pirhosigma sulcata Ferreira & Hermes: Holotype: BRAZIL • 1 ♂; Amazonas, KM31 AM-010, CEPLAC; 18 Jun. 1976; Joselita M. Santos leg. (INPA).

Updated key to the species of Pirhosigma , adapted from Ferreira et al. (2017)

The species P. abregoi is readily differentiated from all other species in the key of Ferreira et al. (2017), since it is the only species that does not present a preapical fossa in T1 - compare Fig. 5 : P. abregoi , without a preapical fossa on T1; and Fig. 13 : P. cambrai , with a preapical fossa on T1.

1'	Preapical fossa on T1 absent ( Fig. 5 )	P. abregoi Garcete-Barrett & Hermes, sp. nov.
-	Preapical fossa on T1 present ( Fig. 13 )	(couplet 1 in Ferreira et al. 2017)

The species P. cambrai runs to couplet 6 of Ferreira et al. (2017), which is modified as follows:

6	Pronotal carina well developed dorsally ( Fig. 11 ); black, with a few yellow spots ( Fig. 8 )	6 '
-	Pronotal carina not evident dorsally; yellowish with black marks and bands	8
6'	Short clypeus, wider than long ( Fig. 9 )	P. cambrai Garcete-Barrett & Ferreira, sp. nov.
-	Clypeus longer than wide or almost as long as wide ( Figs 16 , 17 )	7
7	Male with a well-marked groove between the metanotum and the scutellum [female unknown]	P. sulcata Ferreira & Hermes
-	Male without a well-marked groove between the metanotum and the scutellum	P. mearimense (Zavattari)

A Catalog of the genus Pirhosigma Giordani Soika (only taxonomic and nomenclatural procedures are indicated where they apply)

Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978: 11, 229.

Type species: Eumenes simulans de Saussure, 1875, by original designation.

Tricomenes Giordani Soika, 1978: 10, 254.

Type species: Eumenes pilosus Fox, 1899, by original designation and monotypy.

Pirhosigma ; Giordani Soika 1978: 10, 230-231. Carpenter and van der Vecht 1991: 230 ( Tricomenes rejected, acting as first reviser).

Pirhosigma aenigmaticum Giordani Soika, 1978

Eumenes simulans ; Zavattari 1906: 19; Zavattari 1912: 118. Misidentification.

Pirhosigma aenigmaticum Giordani Soika, 1978: 231, 250.

Type Data: Holotype female RMNH.

Type Locality: Valle Anchicaya, Cali, Colombia.

Pirhosigma aenigmaticum ; Carpenter and van der Vecht 1991: 229 (probable synonym of P. simulans (de Saussure)). West-Eberhard et al. 1995: 574. Rodríguez-Palafox 1996: 480. Ferreira et al. 2017: 277.

Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador.

Pirhosigma deforme (Fox, 1899)

Eumenes deforma Fox, 1899: 453, 461.

Type Data: Lectotype female CMNH.

Type Locality: Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

Eumenes deforma ; Dalla Torre 1904: 22. Brèthes 1906: 335. Bertoni 1918: 206. Carpenter and van der Vecht 1991: 229 (designation of lectotype).

Eumenes deformata [!] Eumenes barberoi Bertoni, 1926: 76.

Type Data: Lectotype female by present designation (MNHNPY).

Type Locality: Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay.

Eumenes deformata barberoi ; Bertoni 1934: 112, 118.

Pirhosigma deforme ; Giordani Soika 1978: 230, 231. Hermes and Köhler 2004: 74, 86. Somavilla et al. 2010: 260. Hermes et al. 2013: 434. Hermes et al. 2014: 456, 470, 471, 475. Ferreira et al. 2017: 276.

Distribution: Brazil, Paraguay.

Remarks. In the original description (Bertoni, 1926) of Eumenes deformata barberoi , the author did not mention how many specimens were part of the type series nor the locality where they were collected. Furthermore, Bertoni labelled seven specimens as Eumenes deformata paranensis (unpublished subspecific name), and the name Eumenes barberoi was never attached to any specimen whatsoever. The lack of a locality, in this case, poses no issue, since all individuals bear a label with the locality "Puerto Bertoni", where the author lived for many years and collected many of his specimens. Also, the only subspecific name proposed by Bertoni under the specific name Eumenes deformata is indeed Eumenes barberoi , which leaves no doubt about the members of the type series. Finally, the description matches these specimens, and one well-preserved female was chosen as the lectotype and labelled accordingly; the remainder of the specimens (two males and four females) are to be treated as paralectotypes.

Here we have the opportunity to correct the date of Bertoni’s paper “Hymenópteros nuevos o poco conocidos". Though considered as published in December of 1925, as suggested in the heading of its cover, issue 2(1) of the "Revista de la Sociedad Científica del Paraguay", was actually printed in 1926, as indicated in the foot of the very same cover. This paper contains the original descriptions of the species-level names Zetamenes rufomaculata ssp. meridionalis Bertoni, Zetamenes filiformis var. costarricensis Bertoni, Discoelius strigosus ssp. costarricensis Bertoni, Pachymenes atra var. ornatissima Bertoni, Eumenes deformata barberoi Bertoni, Amphimenes totonacus var. manateci Bertoni, Monobia paraguayensis Bertoni, Odynerus migonei Bertoni and the generic name Protozethus Bertoni.

Pirhosigma limpidum Giordani Soika, 1978

Pirhosigma limpidum Giordani Soika, 1978: 230, 240.

Type Data: Holotype female MSNVE.

Type Locality: Espírito Santo, Brazil.

Pirhosigma limpidum ; Hermes et al. 2013: 434. Hermes et al. 2014: 472. Ferreira et al. 2017: 272, 277.

Distribution: Brazil.

Pirhosigma mearimense (Zavattari, 1912)

Eumenes mearimensis Zavattari, 1912: 101.

Type Data: Holotype male MSNG.

Type Locality: Vitoria do Mearim, Maranhão, Brazil ( Penati and Mariotti 2015).

Pirhosigma mearimense ; Giordani Soika 1978: 231, 243. Ferreira et al. 2015: 118, 119. Ferreira et al. 2017: 277.

Pirhosigma mearimense mearimense ; Santos et al. 2015: 41.

Pirhosigma mearimense putumayense Giordani Soika, 1978: 245. New status.

Type Data: Holotype female CUIC.

Type Locality: Putumayo, Peru.

Pirhosigma mearimense putumayense ; Rasmussen & Asenjo, 2009: 42.

Distribution: Suriname, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.

Remarks. It is widely acknowledged by the vespid experts that Antonio Giordani Soika was very fond of proposing subspecies based solely on coloration (see Carpenter (1987) for a good example). We hereby treat P. mearimense putumayense as a mere color variation of the typical form.

Pirhosigma pilosa (Fox, 1899)

Eumenes pilosa Fox, 1899: 454, 461.

Type Data: Lectotype female CMNH.

Type Locality: Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil (15°26'S 55°45'W) ( Papavero 1973, Carpenter and van der Vecht 1991).

Eumenes pilosa ; Dalla Torre 1904: 24. Bertoni 1934: 112, 117.

Tricomenes pilosus ; Giordani Soika 1978: 254 (inadvertent designation of lectotype).

Pirhosigma pilosa ; Carpenter and van der Vecht 1991: 230. Ferreira et al. 2017: 277.

Distribution: Ecuador, Brazil.

Pirhosigma simulans (de Saussure, 1875)

Eumenes simulans de Saussure, 1875: 91.

Type Data: Lectotype female MHNG.

Type Locality: Orizaba, Mexico.

Zeteumenes simulans ; Bertoni 1934: 110.

Pirhosigma simulans ; Giordani Soika 1978: 231, 247. Rodríguez-Palafox 1996: 480. Ferreira et al. 2017: 277.

Distribution: Mexico.

Pirhosigma sulcata Ferreira & Hermes, 2015

Pirhosigma sulcata Ferreira et al. 2015: 118.

Type Data: Holotype male INPA.

Type Locality: Km 31 AM-010, Ceplac, Amazonas, Brazil.

Pirhosigma sulcata ; Ferreira et al. 2017: 277.

Distribution: Brazil.

Pirhosigma superficiale (Fox, 1899)

Eumenes superficialis Fox, 1899: 441, 460.

Type Data: Lectotype female CMNH.

Type Locality: Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil (15°26'S 55°45'W) ( Papavero 1973, Carpenter and van der Vecht 1991).

Eumenes superficialis ; Dalla Torre 1904: 25. Brèthes 1906: 335. Bertoni 1911: 106. Zavattari 1911: 49. Zavattari 1912: 99. Bertoni 1918: 206. Bertoni 1934: 113, 118. Carpenter and van der Vecht 1991: 225 (syn: Pirhosigma superficiale impurum Giordani Soika).

Eumenes superficialis mondaiensis Bertoni, 1934: 118.

Type Data: Lectotype female by present designation (MNHNPY).

Type Locality: Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay.

Pirhosigma superficiale ; Giordani Soika 1978: 230, 236 (inadvertent designation of lectotype). Garcete-Barrett 1999: 8. Hermes and Köhler 2004: 74, 86. Somavilla et al. 2010: 260. Hermes et al. 2013: 433, 434. Hermes et al. 2014: 456, 472, 475. Ferreira et al. 2017: 270, 272, 276.

Pirhosigma superficiale impurum Giordani Soika 1978: 230, 239.

Type Data: Holotype female MCZ.

Type Locality: Oran, Abra Grande, Salta, Argentina (MCZ Type Database, http://140.247.96.247/mcz/Species_record.php?id=25550).

Pirhosigma superficiale impurum ; Carpenter and van der Vecht 1991: 211, 225 (synonym of typical P. superficiale ).

Distribution: Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina.

Remarks. Bertoni (1934) mentioned 20 specimens, both males and females, which he ramdomly chose to provide the description of Eumenes superficialis mondaiensis . Fifteen out of these twenty specimens were found at the MNHNPY to be part of the type series. Seven specimens are labelled as from Puerto Bertoni, two from Assuncion and five from Vista Alegre. These localities were all mentioned in the original description, except for the latter. Bertoni (1934) also mentioned having examined specimens from " Amambái (Norte)" which undoubtedly correspond to Vista Alegre, which is in the upper part of the Aguaray Guazu river in the Amabay Department and, according to Brèthes (1924), on the approximate coordinates 23°40'S, 55°50'W (though Brèthes indicated 33 degrees for the coordinate south, which was no doubt just a lapsus ending in an inadvertent error of 10 degrees). One well preserved female from Puerto Bertoni was chosen as the lectotype and labelled accordingly; the remainder of the specimens (six males and eight females) are to be treated as paralectotypes.

Pirhosigma transfluvium Ferreira & Oliveira, 2017

Pirhosigma transfluvium Ferreira et al. 2017: 270, 277.

Type Data: Holotype male AMNH.

Type Locality: Beni: Rio Itenez, Bolivia.

Distribution: Bolivia.

Figures

Figures 7 - 12. Pirhosigma abregoi Garcete-Barrett & Hermes, holotype female 7 T 2 with an evident punctuation, dorsal view. Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett & Ferreira, holotype female 8 habitus 9 head, frontal view 10 head, lateral view, arrow pointing to the curved clypeus apex 11 pronotum, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the well-developed dorsally pronotal carina 12 T 1, lateral view, arrow pointing to the well-developed longitudinal carina. Scale bars: 1 mm (8); 0.5 mm (7, 9 - 12).

Figures 13 - 17. Representatives of Pirhosigma species 13 - 15 Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett & Ferreira, holotype female 13 T 1, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the apex with a pre-apical fossa well-developed 14 T 1 and S 2, lateral view, arrow pointing to the S 2 without a basal slope followed by an elevation 15 T 2, dorsal view 16 Pirhosigma mearimense (Zavattari), female head, frontal view 17 Pirhosigma sulcata Ferreira & Hermes, holotype male head, frontal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (13 - 17).

Figures 1 - 6. Pirhosigma abregoi Garcete-Barrett & Hermes, holotype female 1 habitus 2 head, frontal view 3 pronotum, frontal view, arrow pointing to the pronotal carina in the shape of an inverted " V " 4 pronotum, lateral view, arrow pointing to the well-developed lateral lamella in the pronotal carina 5 T 1, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the apical portion without a well-developed preapical fossa 6 T 1, lateral view, arrow pointing to the well-developed longitudinal carina. Scale bars: 1 mm (1); 0.5 mm (2 - 6).