Calodesma, Hübner, 1820

Cock, Matthew J. W., Laguerre, Michel, Buddie, Alan G., Cafa, Giovanni, Alston-Smith, Scott, Morrall, John & Gosula, Venkata Siva, 2023, Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species, Zootaxa 5270 (2), pp. 231-261 : 256-257

An overview of the genus Calodesma .

Finally, we revisit the list of valid taxa in the genus Calodesma , and summarize in Table 5 , the implications of what we report here. For convenience, we refer to the militta group, which comprises C. macularis , and the three species that include males of the collaris morph: C. militta (BOLD: AAK1660), Calodesma sp. cf. collaris (BOLD: ABZ2392), and C. pseudocollaris new species (BOLD:AEI2170).

Our similarity tree ( Fig. 12 ) indicates six species of Calodesma , a relatively small proportion of the 21 named species.However, of the valid species recognised in our overview ( Table 5 ) only C. tamara and C. eucyanoides are not included in Fig. 12 ; all the others are expected to fall within the C. militta group, except perhaps C. quadrimaculata and C. rubricincta. Progress with the allocation of which of these names are synonyms of which of the species recognised here will now depend on sequencing the original type material, or strong evidence based on distribution of morphs and species. This is well beyond our scope, but we hope our work will encourage others to address this challenge.

Figures

FIGURE 12. Similarity relationships of Calodesma spp. based on this work, barcodes from the ML collection, and selected public sequences in BOLD. Many duplicate DNA barcodes available for C. maculifrons from Costa Rica and some for C. militta from Trinidad are omitted so as to facilitate presentation. The taxonomy used is that developed in this work, and where relevant the names used here for the various morphs are included in parentheses after the scientific name. Bootstrap values are shown only if>70% and distances only if>0.002.The evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method (Saitou and Nei 1987). The optimal tree with the sum of branch length = 0.15482979 is shown. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) are shown next to the branches (Felsenstein 1985). The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths (next to the branches) in the same units as those of the evolutionary distances used to infer the phylogenetic tree. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Kimura 2-parameter method (Tamura et al. 2004) and are in the units of the number of base substitutions per site. The analysis involved 73 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All ambiguous positions were removed for each sequence pair. There was a total of 689 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGAX (Kumar et al. 2018).