Temnocerus, Thunberg, 1815

Hamilton, R. W., 2010, Central American Temnocerus Thunberg, 1815 (Coleoptera: Rhynchitidae), Insecta Mundi 2010 (128), pp. 1-42 : 2-5

Key to adults of Central American species of Temnocerus

1. Larger adults, usually 3.0 mm or more in length; body bluish black; elytral intervals minutely rugose, with one or two rows of setigerous punctures ............................................................. 2

— Smaller adults, usually under 3.0 mm in length; body variable in color, usually with variable metallic luster; elytral intervals usually smooth, shiny, with single row of setigerous punctures .................................................................................................................................................. 3

2(1). Eyes moderately protuberant; width across eyes subequal to widest width of head ( Fig. 15, 16 ) elytral intervals with double row of setigerous punctures; cap piece of aedeagal tegmen wide; apex broadly rounded, with long wavy marginal setae; pedon sides strongly and straightly narrowed toward apex; apex narrowly truncate ( Fig. 65 ) ........................ T. giganteus , n. sp.

— Eyes strongly protuberant; width across eyes wider than widest width of head ( Fig. 31, 32 ); elytral intervals with single row of setigerous punctures; cap piece of aedeagal tegmen wide; apex broadly rounded, with long straight marginal setae; pedon sides weakly constricted near middle, strongly narrowed from constriction to apex; apex very narrowly truncate; ( Fig. 73 ). ................................................................................................................ T. oaxacensis , n. sp.

3(1). Rostrum in lateral view straight or only slightly arcuate, distinctly and gradually tapered from antennal insertions to apex, appearing “needle nosed”, wide at base; dorsal base grading into flattened frons ( Fig. 1 ) .............................................................................................................. 4

— Rostrum in lateral view distinctly arcuate, not appearing “needle nosed”, variably depressed apically, narrow at base; dorsal base grading into variably convex frons ( Fig. 2 ) .................. 5

4(3). Body entirely bluish black or pronotum bluish black and elytra bluish black with rosy bronze luster; aedeagus large, elongate; pedon sides subparallel, apex broadly truncate; endophallic bands prominent, basal portion of each band crescent shaped ( Fig. 80 ) ..................................... ................................................................................................................ T. regularis (Sharp)

— Body bronzed with brassy luster; aedeagus short, wide; pedon sides narrowed from base to apex, weakly arched out; apex truncate; endophallic bands short, linear ( Fig. 76 ) ............................. ......................................................................................................................... T. potosi , n. sp.

5(3). Male rostrum minutely granulose from base to apical 1/3, with distinct dorso-apical smooth, shiny area ( Fig. 47 ); female rostrum smooth and shiny from antennal insertions to apex ( Fig. 48 ) ............................................................................................................... T. rostralis , n. sp.

— Male rostrum not minutely granulose from base to apical 1/3, without distinct dorso-apical smooth shiny area; female rostrum not smooth and shiny from antennal insertions to apex ............ 6

6(5). Head, pronotum and elytra with strong coppery metallic luster; pedon apex broadly truncate ( Fig. 77 ) ...................................................................................................... T. pseudaeratus , n. sp.

— Head, pronotum and elytra without strong coppery metallic luster; pedon apex not broadly truncate .................................................................................................................................................. 7

7(6). Head, pronotum and elytra with greenish brassy luster; eyes strongly protuberant; pronotum very densely punctured; pedon apex narrowly truncate; endophallic bands moderately long,linear ( Fig. 75 ) ................................................................................................... T. oculatus (Sharp)

— Head, pronotum and elytra without greenish brassy luster; eyes less protuberant; pronotal punctures moderately dense; pedon apex not narrowly truncate, variable; endophallic bands short, linear .............................................................................................................................. 8

8(7). Rostral width at apex distinctly wider than rostral width at antennal insertion ...................... 9

— Rostral width at apex subequal to rostral width at antennal insertion or only slightly wider .. 12

9(8). Rostrum strongly arcuate, width at apex twice as wide as width at antennal insertions ( Fig. 23, 24 ); apex of aedeagal pedon weakly nozzle-like ( Fig. 69 ) ........................ T. mexicanus , n. sp.

— Rostrum weakly to moderately arcuate, width at apex not twice as wide as width at antennal insertions; apex of aedeagal pedon not nozzle-like .................................................................. 10

10(9). Rostrum short, paddle-like, distinctly widened toward apex; apical width twice as wide as width at base ( Fig. 41, 42 ); aedeagus short; pedon apex blade-like ( Fig. 78 ) .... T. pueblensis , n. sp.

— Rostrum not short, wide and paddle-like, weakly to moderately widened at apex; aedeagus not short, pedon apex variable ...................................................................................................... 11

11(10). Head with very dense setigerous punctures; interspaces rugose ( Fig. 49, 50 ) .............................. ..................................................................................................................... T. rugosus , n. sp.

— Head without very dense setigerous punctures; interspaces not rugose ................................... 12

12(8,11). Body with strong greenish black or bluish black luster ......................................................... 13

— Body without strong greenish black or bluish black luster; can have faint bluish, greenish, brassy or coppery luster ..................................................................................................................... 16

13(12). Body with greenish black luster, sparsely punctured; punctures small widely spaced; interspaces smooth, wide, shiny; very small species, 2 mm or less .................... T. chiriquensis (Sharp)

— Body with bluish-black luster, moderately to densely punctured; larger species, usually over 2.00 mm .......................................................................................................................................... 14

14(13). Pronotum densely punctured; punctures coarse, deep .............................. T. confertus (Sharp)

— Pronotum not densely punctured; punctures smaller, rounded, shallow ................................. 15

15(14). Small adults, 2.1 mm or less; body with faint bluish luster; head punctures very small, nearly indistinct; rostrum narrow ( Fig. 27, 28 ) ..................................................... T. minutus , n. sp.

— Larger adults, 2.1 mm or more; body with strong bluish luster; head punctures somewhat larger, distinct; rostrum wider ( Fig. 11, 12 ) ........................................................... T. cyaneus , n. sp.

16(12). Head with very small punctures, punctures widely separated; distance between punctures much greater than diameter of punctures; interspaces with numerous minute granulations; granulations silky in appearance ( Fig. 17, 18 , 33, 34 ) ........................................................... 17

— Head with larger punctures; punctures separated by a distance less than, subequal to, or slightly more than puncture diameter; interspaces granulose; granules larger, not silky in appearance ( Fig.19-22 , 33, 34 , 51-58 ) ........................................................................................................ 18

17(16). Pronotum not densely punctured; rostrum long, about twice as long as head ( Fig. 17, 18 ) ......... ....................................................................................................... T. guatemalenus (Sharp)

— Pronotum densely punctured; rostrum shorter, about.33 times longer than head ( Fig. 43, 44 ). .................................................................................................................. T. pusillus (Sharp)

18(16). Punctures of frons separated by distance less than diameter of puncture ( Fig. 13, 14 ) ................ ........................................................................................................................... T. ellus , n. sp.

— Punctures of frons separated by distance subequal to or greater than diameter of puncture .... 19

19(18). Punctures of frons separated by distance subequal to or slightly greater than diameter of puncture ................................................................................................................................................ 20

— Punctures of frons separated by distance distinctly greater than diameter of puncture ......... 28

20(19). Frons with numerous reclinate setae ( Fig. 3, 4 , 53, 54 ); rostral base without mid-dorsal channel; apex of tegminal cap-piece with long setae ( Fig. 59, 84 ) ........................................................ 21

— Frons without numerous reclinate setae or with only a few setae at inner anterior margin of eye; rostral base with mid-dorsal channel; tegminal cap-piece with very short setae ( Fig. 74, 85, 86 ) ................................................................................................................................................ 22

21(20). Abdominal ventrites with numerous uniformly aligned setose punctures; elytra striae rounded, shallowly impressed ............................................................................. T. abdominalis (Voss)

— Abdominal ventrites with irregularly set setose punctures; setae not aligned; elytral striae subquadrate, more deeply impressed ............................................... T. tamaulipensis , n. sp.

22(20). Pronotum black with greenish luster; elytra black with bluish luster; pronotum in dorsal view, distinctly arched out laterally, greatest width just behind middle, central punctures separated by two rows of minute round granulations ........................................ T. michoacensis , n. sp.

— Pronotum and elytra not colored as above; pronotum in dorsal view not distinctly arched out laterally, subcylindrical, slightly wider behind middle, central punctures not separated by rows of minute granulations ........................................................................................................... 23

23(22). Head, pronotum and elytra with distinct shiny brassy coppery luster; junction of rostrum and frons with small median cup like depression ( Fig. 55, 56 ) .................. T. thesaurus (Sharp)

— Head, pronotum and elytra without shiny brassy coppery luster; junction of rostrum and frons without cuplike depression ..................................................................................................... 24

24(23). Body black throughout ......................................................................................... T. niger , n. sp.

— Body black with variable metallic luster .................................................................................. 25

25(24). Body black with a faint bluish luster ........................................................................................ 26

— Body black with a brassy luster ................................................................................................ 27

26(25). Head punctures large, coarse ( Fig. 57, 58 ); aedeagal pedon with narrowly pointed apex; cap-piece narrow with very short marginal setae ( Fig. 86 ) .................................... T. yucatensis , n. sp.

— Head punctures moderate in size, not coarse ( Fig. 21, 22 ); aedeagal pedon with widely truncate apex; tegminal cap-piece subquadrate with short marginal setae ( Fig. 68 ) ............................... ............................................................................................................... T. herediensis , n. sp.

27(25). Body black with brassy luster; luster more pronounced on pronotum; aedeagal pedon tapered to blade like apex ( Fig. 60 ); male sternites with median bordered channel ................................... ................................................................................................................ T. chiapensis , n. sp.

— Body black with greenish brassy luster; aedeagal pedon gradually narrowed to rounded apex ( Fig. 74 ); male sternites with longitudinal median channel bordered on each side by line like carina ...................................................................................................................... T. obrieni , n. sp.

28(19). Body black with faint brassy luster above; frons moderately convex; aedeagus not elongate; pedon apex narrowly rounded; tegminal cap-piece narrow, with minute apical setae; aedeagal endophallic bands forming two parentheses like crescents ( Fig. 67 ) ..................... T. guerrerensis , n. sp.

— Body black with faint purplish luster; frons distinctly convex; aedeagus elongate; pedon apex narrowly truncate; tegminal cap-piece large, subrectangular; apex slightly wider than base, with short marginal setae; endophallic bands very short, weakly defined ( Fig. 83 ) .................. ................................................................................................................... T. salvensis , n. sp.

Figures

Figure 11-22. Heads of Temnocerus species, frontal view, male left and female right. 11-12) T. cyaneus n.sp., holotype and allotype. 13-14) T. ellus n.sp., holotype and allotype. 15-16) T. giganteus n.sp., holotype and allotype. 17-18) T. guatemalenus (Sharp). 19-20) T. guerrerensis n.sp., holotype and allotype. 21-22) T. herediensis n.sp., holotype and allotype.

Figure 59-86. Aedeagal tegmen and median lobe of Temnocerus species, dorsal view, 64X. 59) T. abdominalis (Voss). 60) T. chiapensis n. sp. 61) T. chiriquensis (Sharp). 62) T. confertus (Sharp). 63) T. cyaneus n. sp. 64) T. ellus n. sp. 65) T. giganteus n. sp.; 66) T. guatemalenus (Sharp). 67) T. guerrerensis n. sp. 68) T. herediensis n. sp. 69) T. mexicanus n. sp. 70) T. michoacensis n. sp. 71) T. minutus n. sp. 72) T. niger n. sp. 73) T. oaxacensis n. sp. 74) T. obrieni n. sp. 75) T. oculatus (Sharp). 76) T. potosi n. sp. 77) T. pseudaeratus n. sp. 78) T. pueblensis n. sp. 79) T. pusillus (Sharp). 80) T. regularis (Sharp). 81) T. rostralis n. sp. 82) T. rugosus n. sp. 83) T. salvensis n. sp. 84) T. tamaulipensis n. sp. 85) T. thesaurus (Sharp) 86) T. yucatensis n. sp.

Figure 23-34. Heads of Temnocerus species, frontal view, male left and female right. 23-24) T. mexicanus n.sp., holotype and allotype. 25-26) T. michoacensis n.sp., holotype and allotype. 27-28) T. minutus n.sp., holotype and allotype. 29-30) T. niger n.sp., holotype and allotype. 31-32) T. oaxacensis n.sp., holotype and allotype. 33-34) T. obrieni n.sp., holotype and allotype.

Figure 1-2. Temnocerus species, lateral habitus. 1) T. potosi n.sp. 2) T. abdominalis (Voss).

Figure 47-58. Heads of Temnocerus species, frontal view, male left and female right. 47-48) T. rostralis n.sp., holotype and allotype. 49-50) T. rugosus n.sp., holotype and allotype. 51-52) T. salvensis n.sp., holotype and allotype; 53-54) T. tamaulipensis n.sp., holotype and allotype. 55-56) T. thesaurus (Sharp). 57-58) T. yucatensis n.sp., holotype and allotype.

Figure 35-46. Heads of Temnocerus species, frontal view, male left and female right. 35-36) T. oculatus (Sharp). 37-38) T. potosi n.sp., holotype and allotype. 39-40) T. pseudaeratus n.sp., holotype and allotype. 41-42) T. pueblensis n.sp., holotype and allotype. 43-44) T. pusillus (Sharp). 45-46) T. regularis (Sharp).

Figure 3-10. Heads of Temnocerus species, frontal view, male left and female right. 3-4) T. abdominalis (Voss). 5- 6) T. chiapensis n.sp., holotype and allotype. 7-8) T. chiriquensis (Sharp). 9-10) T. confertus (Sharp).