Latrunculia (Latrunculia) copihuensis Hajdu, Desqueyroux-Faúndez, Carvalho, Lôbo-Hajdu and, Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Carvalho & Lôbo-Hajdu & Willenz, 2013

Hajdu, Eduardo, Desqueyroux-Faúndez, Ruth, Carvalho, Mariana De Souza, Lôbo-Hajdu, Gisele & Willenz, Philippe, 2013, Twelve new Demospongiae (Porifera) from Chilean fjords, with remarks upon sponge-derived biogeographic compartments in the SE Pacific, Zootaxa 3744 (1), pp. 1-64 : 31-36

Latrunculia (Latrunculia) copihuensis Hajdu, Desqueyroux-Faúndez, Carvalho, Lôbo-Hajdu and

Willenz sp. nov.

( Figs. 6B , 7B , 8S –AL, 9B; Tab. 6 )

Latrunculia ciruela Hajdu & Willenz, 2009 (nomen nudum, in part) in Willenz et al. [2009: 143, top right in situ photo; non top left in situ photo, A–F SEM, = L. (L.) ciruela Hajdu & Willenz sp.nov]

Type material. Holotype. RBINSc-IG 32233-POR 9915 , Copihue Channel (50º20’23.10’’S – 75º22’39.20’’W, Chilean Patagonia ), 23 m depth, coll. Ph. Willenz and E. Atwood, 09 March 2006 —fragment of holotype deposited in MHNG 61469 .

Diagnosis. Latrunculia (L.) copihuensis sp. nov. is the only species of Latrunculia (L.) in the Magellanic region with dark-green colour when alive, round pore fields on top of papillae densely arranged side by side, a second category of megascleres (oxeas), anisodiscorhabds with three whorls of spines (basal whorl frequently with only a few isolated spines, subsidiary whorl 6–7 µm distant from median whorl), and sanidaster-like anisodiscorhabds as microscleres.

Description ( Fig. 6B ). Globular sponge (5.5 cm in maximum diameter). Conspicuous, regularly distributed, slightly elevated (2–3 mm), round inhalant papillae, with flat, slightly expanded upper surface (1–4 mm in diameter). Excurrent papillae, much less common, apparently restricted to the sponge upper surface, are volcaniform, and bear apical oscula (up to 5 mm in diameter). Consistency is firm and rubbery. Live-colour is darkgreen, becoming dark-brown in ethanol. A second individual, uncollected, seemingly identical to the holotype, albeit slightly smaller, is apparent in the series of in situ images obtained.

Skeleton ( Fig. 7B ). Ectosome in two layers, an outer one (up to 180 µm thick) with large areas virtually devoid of megascleres, where anisodiscorhabds and sanidaster-like anisodiscorhabds are common, but never abundant, and a basal layer, 200–400 µm thick, dense in megascleres that are arranged parallel to the surface at some parts, and confusedly in others. Microscleres form no vestige of a palisade, occurring in disorder on the outermost sector, near the sponge surface, or at the base of the outer ectosomal layer. Choanosome, an irregular reticulation of multispicular tracts of megascleres (50–90 µm thick), forming dense criss-crossed networks at their points of contact. There are very few free megascleres in the deeper parts of the choanosome, but these are common in the subectosomal region. Several aquiferous channels of various diameters (60–500 µm) are seen in the subectosome and deeper, but no specialised skeleton occurs on their perimeter. The papillae are supported by a denser arrangement of megascleres, radially oriented when closer to surface (which they frequently pierce), and more confusedly in slightly deeper parts.

Spicules ( Figs. 8S –AL, 9B). Megascleres. Styles ( Figs. 8 AI–AL), mainly smooth, straight or slightly curved, isodiametric, variably sharp apices, occasionally bearing tyles at varied distances from base but mostly not polytylote, 285–386 µm long and 3–9 µm thick. Oxeas ( Figs. 8 AG–AH), rare, mostly bent in the middle (sometimes irregularly crooked), thin, isodiametric, occasionally bearing a few short conical spines, with sharp endings, 285–405 µm long and 3–6 µm thick. Microscleres of two kinds, with rare intermediate forms. Anisodiscorhabds ( Figs. 8S–Y , 9B ): manubrium with large, mostly sharp thorns, with few, or most frequently no secondary spines; basal whorl vestigial, with 1–4 large thorns on opposite sides of the shaft ( Fig. 8S, U–V ), or entirely lacking ( Fig. 8T, W ); shaft smooth; median whorl varies from partially ( Figs. 8S, W–X , 9B ) to well formed plates ( Fig. 8V ), with thorns incised variably deep, frequently with secondary spines; subsidiary whorl, slightly narrower albeit similar to median one and 6–7 µm distant from it, sometimes adjacent to apical one ( Fig. 8U ); apical whorl with thorns incised variably deep, disposed obliquely to the shaft ( Figs. 8U–X ) or bending to form a thimble-like structure ( Fig. 8S ); 34–42 µm long and 14–26 µm across, shaft 3.2–3.6 µm wide. Sanidaster-like anisodiscorhabds ( Figs. 8Z –AF), whorls of spines only barely seen in a few spicules ( Figs. 8Z , AA, AC–AD), these are substituted by large thorns spread all over the shaft, with or without a sparse secondary apical microspination, sometimes even the manubrium and apex being difficult to differentiate (e.g. Fig. 8 AE–AF); 32–47 µm long and 14–23 µm across, shaft 3.2–4 µm wide.

Distribution and ecology. Known only from its type locality at Copihue Channel (50˚20'23.10"S– 75˚22'39.20"W, Chilean Patagonia), where it was collected from 23 m depth. The habitat was very rich, with several animal groups spotted just a few cm away from the sponge: algae, additional species of sponges, cnidarians, bryozoa, polychaetes, echinoids.

Etymology. “Copihuensis” derives from the species type locality—Copihue Channel (Chilean Patagonia).

Figures

FIGURE 6. In situ photographs of Latrunculia ciruela sp. nov. (A, IZUA-POR 145, holotype), Latrunculia copihuensis sp. nov. (B, RBINSc-IG 32233-POR 9915, holotype), Latrunculia verenae sp. nov. (C, IZUA-POR 146, holotype), Latrunculia yepayek sp. nov. (D, RBINSc-IG 32233-POR 9940, holotype), Clathria mytilifila sp. nov. (E, MNRJ 8198, holotype), Neopodospongia tupecomareni sp. nov. (F, MNRJ 10787, paratype), and Myxilla araucana sp. nov. (G, MNRJ 8220, holotype). Scale bars: A–D, 5 cm; E–G, 2 cm.

FIGURE 7. Skeletal architectures in transverse sections of Latrunculia ciruela sp. nov. (A, IZUA-POR 145, holotype), Latrunculia copihuensis sp. nov. (B, RBINSc-IG 32233-POR 9915, holotype), Latrunculia verenae sp. nov. (C, IZUA-POR 146, holotype), and Latrunculia yepayek sp. nov. (D, RBINSc-IG 32233-POR 9940, holotype). Scale bars: A–D, 500 µm.

FIGURE 8. Latrunculia ciruela sp. nov. (A–R): A–N, anisodiscorhabds; O, (subtylo)style; P, oxea; Q–R, details of oxeas. Holotype (IZUA-POR 145): F, J. Paratypes: MNRJ 9186, M–N; MNRJ 10811, G, P–R; MNRJ 10844, C, E; MNRJ 10849, K; MNRJ 10855, D, I, O; MNRJ 10861, A, L; MNRJ 10921, H; MNRJ 12928, B. Latrunculia copihuensis sp. nov. (S–AL, RBINSc-IG 32233-POR 9915, holotype): S–AF, anisodiscorhabds; AG–AH, oxeas; AJ–AL, details of (subtylo)styles. Latrunculia verenae sp. nov. (AM–BD, type series): AM–AZ, anisodiscorhabds; BA–BB, acanthostyles; BC–BD, details of acanthostyles. Holotype (IZUA-POR 146): AM–AS, BA. Paratypes: MNRJ 10914, AT–AV; MNRJ 10942, AW–AZ, BB–BD. Latrunculia yepayek sp. nov. (BE–BW, RBINSc-IG 32233-POR 9940, holotype): BE–BR, anisodiscorhabds; BS–BU, styles; BV–BW, details of styles. Scale bars: A–N, Q–AF, AJ–AZ, BE–BR, 10 µm; O–P, AG–AI, BA–BB, BS–BW, 100 µm; BC–BD, BU–BV, 25 µm.

FIGURE 9. Anisodiscorhabds in detail: Latrunculia ciruela sp. nov. (A, IZUA-POR 145, holotype); Latrunculia copihuensis sp. nov. (B, RBINSc-IG 32233-POR 9915, holotype); Latrunculia verenae sp. nov. (C, IZUA-POR 146, holotype); Latrunculia yepayek sp. nov. (D, RBINSc-IG 32233-POR 9940, holotype). Scale bar: 20 µm.