Glyptapanteles paulheberti Arias-Penna, sp. nov.

Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Whitfield, James B., Janzen, Daniel H., Winifred Hallwachs,, Dyer, Lee A., Smith, M. Alex, Hebert, Paul D. N. & Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., 2019, A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador, ZooKeys 890, pp. 1-685 : 1

Glyptapanteles paulheberti Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Figs 182 , 183

Female.

Body length 2.02 mm, antenna length 2.78 mm, fore wing length 2.58 mm.

Type material.

Holotype: COSTA RICA • 1♀; 06-SRNP-35282, DHJPAR0012113; Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Cacao , Sendero Derrumbe ; cloud forest; 1,220 m; 10.92918, 85.46426; 06.vi.2006; Dunia Garcia leg.; caterpillar collected in third instar; white bud-like cocoons in litter or soil and formed on 19.vi.2006; adult parasitoid emerged on 27.vi.2006; ( CNC) . Paratypes. • 14 (2♀, 2♂) (9♀, 1♂); 06-SRNP-35282, DHJPAR0012113; same data as for holotype; ( CNC) .

Other material.

Reared material. COSTA RICA: Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Cacao , Sendero Derrumbe : • 9 (3♀, 2♂) (4♀, 0 ♂); 06-SRNP-35283, DHJPAR0012110; cloud forest; 1,220 m; 10.92918, 85.46426; 06.vi.2006; Dunia Garcia leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; white bud-like cocoons in litter or soil and formed on 19.vi.2006; adult parasitoids emerged on 27.vi.2006.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Sendero a Maritza , 1 km NW Estación Cacao: • 9 (3♀, 2♂) (4♀, 0 ♂); 10-SRNP-35968, DHJPAR0041645; cloud forest; 1,150 m; 10.92691, 85.46822; 26.viii.2010; Dunia Garcia leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons formed on 07.ix.2010; adult parasitoids emerged on 15.ix.2010, 17.ix.2010.

Diagnosis.

Distal antennal flagellomere subequal in length with penultimate, median area between lateral ocelli slightly depressed ( Fig. 182C ), in dorsal view, proximal half of propodeum more strongly curved ( Figs 182G , 183C ), petiole on T1 evenly narrowing distally ( Figs 182H , 183F ), dorsal outer depression on hind coxa present ( Figs 182A, I , 183A, D ), edges of median area on T2 obscured by little sculpture, and fore wing with r vein curved, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins forming a slight stub ( Figs 182D , 183D ).

Coloration

( Fig. 182 A–K ). General body coloration shiny black except scape brown, but 2/3 proximal yellow; pedicel brown, but distally yellow; all antennal flagellomeres dark brown on both sides; labrum, mandible, and tegulae yellow; maxillary and labial palps ivory/pale yellow; both ends of propleuron, epicnemial ridge, and both dorsal and ventral furrows of pronotum lighter than mesosoma coloration. Eyes and ocelli silver. Fore and middle legs yellow except brown claws; hind legs yellow except black coxae only distally yellow, distal half of tibiae and tarsomeres dark brown, but basitarsus proximally with a yellow ring. Petiole on T1 brown and sublateral areas yellow; T2 with median and adjacent areas yellow-brown, and lateral ends yellow; T3 broadly brown, shape of dark area coinciding with the width of median and adjacent areas on T2, 1/3 proximal of lateral ends yellow, and T3 distally with a wide yellow-brown band; T4 and beyond completely brown; distally each tergum with a narrow yellow-brown transparent band. In lateral view, T1-2 completely yellow; T3 and beyond yellow, but dorsally brown, extent of brown area remaining constant from proximal to distal. S1-2 yellow; S3-4 yellow, but medially brown; penultimate sternum and hypopygium yellow-brown/brown.

Description.

Head ( Fig. 182 A–C ). Head rounded with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.19:0.06, 0.21:0.06, 0.20:0.06), distal antennal flagellomere subequal in length with penultimate (0.10:0.04, 0.09:0.04), antenna longer than body (2.78, 2.02); antennal scrobes-frons sloped and forming a shelf. Face convex, punctate-lacunose, interspaces wavy and longitudinal median carina present. Frons punctate. Temple wide, punctate and interspaces clearly smooth. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.08, 0.12). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli slightly depressed. Vertex lateral rounded and dorsally wide.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 182A, F, G, J ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum proximally convex and distally flat, punctation distinct throughout, interspaces smooth. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS, scutellar punctation indistinct throughout, in profile scutellum flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM; ATS demilune with quite a little, complete and parallel carinae; dorsal ATS groove smooth. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation with a smooth and shiny sloped transverse strip. Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM semicircular and bisected by a median longitudinal carina; AFM with a small lobe and not as well delineated as PFM; PFM thick and smooth; ATM proximally with a groove with some sculpturing and distally smooth. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina, proximal half curved with medium-sized sculpture and distal half with a shallow dent at each side of nucha; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle without distal carina; nucha surrounded by long radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum smooth, but both dorsal and ventral furrows with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with fine punctations throughout and dorsally without a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron straight/angulate or nearly so; precoxal groove smooth, shiny and distinct; epicnemial ridge convex, teardrop-shaped.

Legs. Ventral margin of fore telotarsus excavated with conspicuous curved seta over this excavation, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.11, 0.06). Hind coxa with dorsal half sparsely punctate, ventral half densely punctate, and dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.18, 0.15), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus as equal in length as fourth tarsomere (0.11, 0.10).

Wings ( Fig. 182D, E ). Fore wing with r vein slightly curved; 2RS vein slightly convex to convex; r and 2RS veins forming a weak, even curve at their junction and outer side of junction forming a slight stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with microtrichiae virtually throughout; veins 2CUa and 2CUb completely spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a straight, incomplete/broken and not reaching the edge of 1-1A vein. Hind wing with vannal lobe very narrow, subdistally and subproximally evenly convex, and setae evenly scattered in the margin.

Metasoma ( Fig. 182A, H, I, K ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured only laterally, evenly narrowing distally (length 0.33, maximum width 0.14, minimum width 0.10) and with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.17, length T2 0.17), edges of median area with little sculpture, median area longer than broad (length 0.17, maximum width 0.15, minimum width 0.09); T2 with scarce pubescence throughout. T3 as long as T2 (0.18, 0.17) and with scattered pubescence throughout. Pubescence on hypopygium dense.

Cocoons. White bud-like cocoons with ridge-shaped body and evenly smooth silk fibers. Cocoons in litter or soil.

Comments.

In some females, the coloration on sterna varies: S1-3 yellow, S4 and beyond yellow, but medially brown, extent of that brown area increasing from proximal to distal.

Male

( Fig. 183 A–H ). Similar in coloration to female. In profile, the body looks more curved than female.

Etymology.

Paul D. N. Hebert is a Canadian biologist, director of the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario ( BIO), University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. He is best known as the "father of DNA barcoding".

Distribution.

The parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector Cacao ( Sendero Derrumbe and Sendero a Maritza), during June 2006 and August 2010 at 1,150 m and 1,220 m in cloud forest.

Biology.

The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious.

Host.

Disphragis proba Schaus ( Notodontidae : Heterocampinae) feeding on Ocotea leucoxylon and Nectandra salicifolia ( Lauraceae ). Caterpillars were collected in third instar.

Figures

Figure 182. Glyptapanteles paulheberti sp. nov. female 06 - SRNP- 35282 DHJPAR 0012113 A Habitus B, C Head B Lateral view C Dorsal view D, E Wings D Fore E Hind F Mesonotum, dorsal view G Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view H T 1 - 3, dorsal view I, K Metasoma I Lateral view K Dorsal view J Mesosoma, lateral view.

Figure 183. Glyptapanteles paulheberti sp. nov. male 06 - SRNP- 35282 DHJPAR 0012113 A Habitus B Mesosoma, lateral view C Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view D, E Metasoma D Lateral view F Dorsal view F T 1 - 2, dorsal view G, H Wings G Fore H Hind.