Hesperentomon dunhuaense, Bu, Yun, Shrubovych, Julia & Yin, Wen Ying, 2011

Bu, Yun, Shrubovych, Julia & Yin, Wen Ying, 2011, Two new species of genus Hesperentomon Price, 1960 (Protura, Hesperentomidae) from Northern China, Zootaxa 2885, pp. 55-64 : 60-63

Hesperentomon dunhuaense sp. nov.

Figs. 15–32 , Tables 2–3

Syn. Hesperentomon tianschanicum apud Yin & Xie, 1993

Material examined. Holotype, 1 male (No. 89-1), collected in Hancongling, Dunhua County, Jilin Province, China, 43°07' N 128°01' E, elev. 800 m, 1 August 1989, collected by Dr. Chen Peng. Paratype, 1 female (No. 89-3), 1 male (No. 89-2), same data as holotype. Other materials: 3 males (Nos. 40-2, 40-3, 40-4), 1 maturus junior (No. 41-3), 1 larva II (No. 43-3), collected in shrubwood of Daqing Mountain, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China, 41°04' N 111°49' E, elev. 1320 m, 1 July 1994, collected by Mr. Xie Rong-Dong and Dr. Zhang Jun. Type specimens are deposited in the Shanghai Entomological Museum (SEM).

Description. Adult body length 1400–1460 µm (n=3). Head elliptic, length 145–155 µm, width 100 µm. Dorsal setae short. Labrum slightly protruded. Head with submedial and sublateral additional setae; 5 pores present ( Fig. 15 ). Pseudoculus pear-shaped, with slender posterior extension, length 15 µm, width 9.0–10 µm. PR=9.7– 10.3 ( Fig. 16 ). Canal of maxillary gland with sausage-like calyx; posterior end two-partitioned, posterior dilation about equal to length of calyx; CF=7.5–8.6 ( Fig. 17 ). Maxillary palpus with two tapering sensilla, dorsal sensillum length 9–10 µm, ventral sensillum length 8–9 µm ( Figs. 18, 19 ). Labial palpus well developed, without basal sensillum.

Thoracic chaetotaxy as shown in Table 3. Mesonotum with two pairs of anterior setae (A2 and A4) and seven pairs of posterior setae; P5a minute ( Fig. 20 ). Length ratio of P1: P2 on mesonotum as 1: 1.4. Pronotum without pores. Meso- and metanota with pores sm. Prosternum with seta A2. Meso- and metasternum with seta A1. Sternites of thorax each with single median pore, situated on prosternum posterior to level of seta M, on meso- and metasterna anterior to level of setae M. All setae on thoracal sternites setiform ( Figs. 23–25 ).

Foretarsal length 90 µm, claw length 22–25 µm, inner flap present, TR =3.6–4.1; empodium length 5 µm, EU=0.20–0.23. Dorsal sensilla t-1 and t-2 slender, short, BS=0.91–0.98; t-3 lanceolate. Exterior sensilla a, b, c, d, e, f and g all lanceolate, c shortest, b and d longest. Interior sensilla a', b'-1, b'-2, c'-1 and c'-2 also lanceolate, of varying lengths. Relative length of sensilla: c <a <(e = g = t-3 = b'-2) <(f = a' = b'-1= c'-2) <(d = c'-1) <t-1 <t-2 <b ( Figs. 21, 22 ). Length of middle tarsus 40 µm, claw length 22–25 µm. Length of hind tarsus 45 µm, claw length 25–26 µm.

Abdominal chaetotaxy as shown in Table 3. Urotergite I with two pairs of anterior setae (A1, A2) and five pairs of posterior setae. Urotergites II–VI with four pairs of anterior setae (A1, A2, A4, A5) and six pairs of posterior setae, P1a absent. Posterior central seta Pc present on urosternites IV–VII (9 P -setae). Urotergites I–IV with pores psm, psl and al. Urotergites V–VII with pores psm and al. Abdominal legs each with two segments and four setae. Urosternites I–III with one medial pore, VI–VIII each with 1 medial pore and 1 pair of lateral pores ( Fig. 26 ).

Striate band on abdominal segment VIII reduced, hind margin with scattered granulation. Urotergite VIII with pores psm ( Fig. 27 ). Comb on abdomen VIII rectangular, with 10–12 teeth on hind margin ( Fig. 29 ). Bases of some setae on segments X–XI with surrounding ciliation. Urotergites IX–XI without pores, XII with single medial pore. Urosternites IX–X with single medial pore, XI without pores, XII with 1+1 anterolateral pores ( Figs. 27, 28 ).

Female squama genitalis robust. Each acrostylus with one slender flap on its outer side ( Fig. 30 ). Male squama genitalis with 4+4 setae on dorsal side and 3+3 setae on ventral side ( Figs. 31–32 ).

Younger instars. Measurements and indexes of younger instars given in Table 2 . Maturus junior and larva II without foretarsal sensillum b'-1.

Etymology. The specific name is derived from Dunhua County, where the holotype was collected.

Dorsal Ventral

Segment Formula Composition Formula Composition

Thorax I 4 1, 2 4 − 2 A1 ,2, M

P1, 2 ,3 6

II 6 A2, 4, M 6 − 2 A1, 2 ,3, M P1, 2 ,2a, 3, 4, 5 ,5a Pc, 1, 2 14 5

III 6 A2, 4, M 8 − 2 A1, 2, 3 ,4, M P1, 2 ,2a, 3, 4, 5 ,5a Pc, 1, 2 14 5

Bold —primary and secondary setae; normal—tertiary setae; italic —setae added in adult stage.

Distribution. Jilin (Dunhua), Inner Mongolia (Hohhot), China.

Diagnosis. Hesperentomon dunhuaense sp. nov. is characterized by absence of P1a on meso- and metanotum and absence of P1a and P2a setae on urotergites II–VI to give 12 setae; presence of seta P2a on urotergite VII; presence of seta Pc on urosternites IV–VII; presence of foretarsal sensillum b'-2; and slender and short sensilla t-1 and t-2.

This new species is similar to H. nanshanense Bu & Yin, 2007 , H. xiningense Bu & Yin, 2007 , H. tianschanicum Martynova, 1970 , H. sichuanense Tang & Yin, 1988 , H. huashanense Yin, 1982 and H. liaoningense Wu & Yin, 2008 in the absence of P1a and presence of P2a on meso- and metanota, and absence of P1a and P2a on urotergites II–VI. In the presence of P2a on urotergite VII, the new species is similar only to H. nanshanense and H. xiningense , but it differs from these two species in having Pc on urosternites IV–VII and in having A1 setae on meso- and metasterna. Hesperentomon tianschanicum , H. huashanense and H. liaoningense have the Pc seta on urosternites IV–VII, as in H. dunhuaense sp. nov., but they lack P2a on urotergite VII. The new species differs from H. tianschanicum and H. huashanense in having A1 setae on the meso- and metasterna. H. dunhuaense sp. nov. additionally differs from H. huashanense in the number of setae on urotergite X (12 and 10 setae, respectively). From H. tianschanicum the new species differs in the shape of several foretarsal sensilla (t-3 and b'-1 about twice the length of b'- 2 in H. tianschanicum , equal to b'- 2 in H. dunhuaense sp. nov.); chaetotaxy of mesonotum (8 pairs of posterior setae in H. tianschanicum , 7 pairs of posterior setae in H. dunhuaense sp. nov.); chaetotaxy of meso- and metasternum (4 and 6 anterior setae in H. tianschanicum , 6 and 8 setae in H. dunhuaense sp. nov.) and chaetotaxy of urotergite VII (absence of P2a setae in H. tianschanicum , presence of these setae in H. dunhuaense sp. nov.). The new species differs from H. nanshanense and H. xiningense in having A1 setae on meso- and metasternum. In chaetotaxic characters the new species is most similar to H. liaoningense with the exception of a different number of P -setae on urotergite VII: 18 P -setae (P2a setae present), as opposed to 16 P -setae in H. liaoningense (P2a setae absent). From H. liaoningense the new species differs in the shape of foretarsal sensilla b'-1, b'-2, c'-1 and c'-2 (thin and equal in length in H. dunhuaense sp. nov., b'-2 and c'-1 lanceolate and short in H. liaoningense , only about 0.4 times the length of b'-1 and c'-2).

Figures

FIGURES 15 – 24. Hesperentomon dunhuaense sp. nov. Holotype. 15. Head, dorsal view (m = medial seta, pps = postpseudocular seta, sma = submedial additional seta, sla = sublateral additional seta). 16. Pseudoculus. 17. Canals of maxillary glands. 18. Maxillary palpus (dorsal view). 19. Maxillary palpus (ventral view). 20. Mesonotum. 21. Foretarsus, exterior view. 22. Foretarsus, interior view. 23. Prosternum. 24. Mesosternum. Arrows show pores.

FIGURES 25 – 32. Hesperentomon dunhuaense sp. nov. Holotype. 25. Metasternum. 26. Urosternite VII. 27. Urotergites VIII – XII. 28. Urosternites VIII – XII. 29. Comb on abdominal segment VIII. 30. Female squama genitalis. 31. Male squama genitalis (dorsal view). 32. Male squama genitalis (ventral view). Arrows show pores.