Gasteruption bimaculatum Pasteels, 1958

Zhao, Ke-xin, Achterberg, Cornelis van & Xu, Zai-fu, 2012, A revision of the Chinese Gasteruptiidae (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea), ZooKeys 237, pp. 1-123 : 23-27

Gasteruption bimaculatum Pasteels, 1958 Figs 4762

Gasteruption bimaculatum Pasteels, 1958: 191-192, fig. 16 (only holotype ♂).

Gasteruption obscuripenne Pasteels, 1958: 189-190, fig. 14 (Chinese paratypes).

Type material.

Holotype, ♂ (NRS), "N.E. Burma, Sadon, 17.III.1934, R. Malaise", " Gasteruption bimaculatum n. sp., J. Pasteels det. 1954", “Holotype”, "NHRS-HEVA 000001977". Paratypes from Sumba are excluded. Two paratype females of Gasteruption obscuripenne from Hainan (USNM: Chue Mo Ling (= Zhumuling), NE of Nodoa (= Nada), 21.VIII.1929 and NW of Nodoa (= Nada), 27.VIII.1929).

Additional material.

1 ♀ (ZJUH), "[China:] Henan, Xinxiang, 28.IV.1980, Cheng-zhong Xu"; 1 ♂ + 1 ♀ (CSCS) "[China:] Fujian, Mt. Wuyi, 7.VII.2007, 1000 m, Ji-gang Jiang & Xiao Wei"; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), "[China:] Fujian, Jiangle, Mt. Longqi, 1.VII.1991, Chang-ming Liu"; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), "[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, 10.V.1993, Chang-ming Liu"; 2 ♀ (ZJUH, RMNH), "[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, Jinshan, 3-9.V.1990, Xiu-fu Zhao"; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), "[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, Meihua, 20.IV.1960, Bi-ying Lin"; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), "[China:] Hainan, Wanning, Mt. Jianfengling, 13.V.2008, Li Ma"; 1 ♀ (SCAU), "[China:] Hainan, Mt. Yinggeling, 17.XI.2008, Man-man Wang"; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), "[China:] Guangxi, Longzhou, Wudesanlian, 350-400 m, 13.VI.2000, Jun Chen"; 1 ♀ (CSCS) "[China:] Tibet, Motuo, 17.VI.2009, 2750 m, Mei-cai Wei & Geng-yun Niu"; 1 ♀ (CSCS) "[China:] Yunnan, Qujing, Malong, Malianhe, Zhonghe, 19.VII., He-sheng Wang"; 1 ♀ (SCAU), "[Ch ina:] Yunnan, Jinggu, Weiyuan, 4.X.2004, Jing-xian Liu"; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), "[China:] Yunnan, Hekou, Nanxi, 13. VII.2012, Xiao-ling Ji".

Diagnosis.

Head without a depression in front of occipital carina (Figs 53, 61); antesternal carina non-lamelliform and narrow (Fig. 48); propleuron 0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae and rather robust (Fig. 55); occipital carina obsolescent medio-dorsally (Figs 47, 55); head gradually narrowed behind eyes in dorsal view (Figs 53, 61); temple 0.7 times as long as eye in dorsal view; OOL (♂) 1.3 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; third antennal segment of Chinese female specimen 1.5 times as long as second segment, fourth antennal segment 1.1 times as long as third segment (Fig. 51), of male fourth segment 1.1 times as long as third segment and 0.7 times as long as second and third segments combined (Fig. 59); fifth antennal segment of female as long as third segment (Fig. 51), of male 1.1 times as long as third segment (Fig. 59) and penultimate segments unknown; third antennal segment of male normal, 1.6 times as long as second segment (Fig. 59); vertex largely smooth and shiny; malar space short (Figs 47, 55); antero-lateral teeth of pronotum medium-sized; mesoscutum robust (Fig. 55) and rather finely transversely rugose (medially somewhat reticulate), without separate punctures; marginal cell of fore wing elongate (Figs 54, 58); hind coxa rather slender and weakly irregularly transversely rugose; hind coxa dark brown; pronotal side mainly dark brown but medially and posteriorly brown or orange brown; hind basitarsus of male black-brown (but basally somewhat brown) and hind tibia bicoloured (dorsally dark brown, ventrally with large ivory subbasal patch) and comparatively wide (Fig. 62); female tibia distinctly clavate, apically swollen, subbasally with large ivory patch; tarsus entirely black; basitarsus slender and sometimes with ivory basal patch (Fig. 50); apical half of paramere black; ovipositor sheath black apically, sheath of Chinese specimens 0.6-0.9 times as long as body, 1.0-1.4 times as long as metasoma and 3.0-4.1 times as long as hind tibia and 1.9-2.4 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined; mesoscutum coarsely or finely transversely rugose or rugulose (Figs 49, 57).

Description.

Holotype, male (according to original description, metasoma missing), length of head + mesosoma 4.2 mm.

Head. Vertex shiny and largely smooth, densely setose, flat in lateral view (Fig. 55) and without depression medio-posteriorly (Fig. 61); head gradually narrowed behind eyes; temple 0.7 times as long as eye in dorsal view (Fig. 61); fourth antennal segment 1.1 times as long as third segment and 0.7 times longer than second and third segments combined, fifth antennal segment 1.1 times as long as third segment (Fig. 59), third antennal segment 1.6 times as long as second segment; occipital carina non-lamelliform and obsolescent medio-dorsally (Fig. 55); eyes short setose; ocelli large, OOL 1.3 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus and POL 2.2 times; face narrow (Fig. 60); malar space 0.3 times as long as second antennal segment (= pedicellus).

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.7 times its height; pronotal side normal and mainly rather weakly reticulate-rugose, but postero-ventrally partly smooth; antero-lateral teeth of pronotum medium-sized; mesoscutum not protruding anteriorly (Fig. 57); propleuron 0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; antesternal carina narrow and hardly lamelliform; middle and lateral lobes of mesoscutum shiny and moderately transversely rugose, medially somewhat reticulate-rugose, without separate punctures; scutellum weakly reticulate-rugose; propodeum coarsely reticulate-rugose, with a median smooth and somewhat raised area; nearly entire mesopleuron coarsely reticulate-rugose.

Wings. First discal cell elongate triangular, parallel-sided and no distinct distal posterior corner and its base subvertical (Fig. 58).

Legs. Hind coxa with satin sheen, weakly transversely rugose or rugulose dorsally; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.5, 4.2 and 5.6 times their width, respectively; hind tibia comparatively wide (Fig. 62).

Metasoma. Missing in holotype; apical half of parameres of other specimens black.

Colour. Black or black-brown (including mandible); pronotal side mainly dark brown but medially and posteriorly brown or orange brown; mesoscutum antero-laterally and mesopleuron orange brown; base of fore and middle tibiae and ventrally hind tibia with large subbasal patch ivory; hind tibial spurs and pterostigma brown; wings subhyaline.

Female (described after a female from Fujian (Fuzhou, Jinshan). Body length 16 mm.

Head. Head deeply V-shaped emarginate medio-posteriorly, gradually narrowed behind eyes and weakly curved laterally (Fig. 53); temple 0.9 times as long as eye in dorsal view; vertex and frons with satin sheen, densely pubescence and coriaceous; vertex moderately flat posteriorly, occipital area towards inside concave, occipital carina non-lamelliform and obsolescent medio-dorsally (Fig. 47); eye setose; third antennal segment 1.5 times as long as second segment, fourth antennal segment 1.1 times as long as third segment, fifth antennal segment as long as third segment (Fig. 51); OOL twice as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; minimum width of malar space 0.2 times as long as second antennal segment; clypeus with an indistinct triangular depression (Fig. 52).

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.9 times as long as its height; propleuron with satin sheen, comparatively smooth except for just finely wrinkled and punctulate, as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; side of pronotum mainly coarsely rugose, dorso-laterally coriaceous, with a distinct antero-lateral tooth; mesoscutum with coarsely rugose, medio-posteriorly very similar but more coarsely sculptured than formerly (Fig. 49); scutellum weakly rugose; propodeum with densely transversely rugose, medio-longitudinal carina distinct.

Wings. Fore wing: first discal cell parallel-sided and with outer posterior corner rounded (Fig. 54).

Legs. Hind coxa with satin sheen, slender and dorsally transversely rugose; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.0, 4.4 and 5.0 times as long as their width, respectively (Fig. 50); middle tarsus 1.1 times as long as middle tibia; hind tibia 3.5 mm.

Metasoma. Ovipositor sheath 0.7 times as long as body, as long as metasoma, 1.9 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined, and 3.1 times as long as hind tibia; hypopygium deep slit-shaped incised apically.

Colour. Black; mandible and antenna (except for three black basal segments) dark brown; wing membrane subhyaline, pterostigma and veins brown; mesopleuron red-brown; tegulae dark brown; fore and middle legs dark brown to brown, tibia and basitarsus basally ivory; hind leg black-brown, subbasal patch of hind tibia ivory, tarsus mainly dark brown, basal patch of hind basitarsus ivory in dorsal view; second and third metasomal tergites and basally fourth tergite red-brown.

Variation. Body length 12.7-17.0 mm; ovipositor sheath 0.6-0.9 times as long as body, 1.0-1.4 times as long as metasoma, 1.9-2.4 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined and 3.0-4.1 times as long as hind tibia. Both female paratypes from Hainan have the pronotum black, head with distinct V-shaped incision and comparatively narrow emargination medio-posteriorly; Other Chinese females have the mesosoma laterally largely red-brown and the incision may be more rounded. Chinese males differ from females by the normally convex vertex and the rounded incision of the head medio-posteriorly (Fig. 61); vertex flat behind ocelli (♀) or weakly convex (♂); pronotal side posteriorly and mesopleuron orange brown or black; mesoscutum coarsely or finely transversely rugose or rugulose (Figs 49, 57), sometimes sculpture obsolete; apical 0.4 of hypopygium of female incised.

Distribution.

China (Henan, Fujian, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Tibet); Burma.

Biology.

Unknown. Collected in March, June and July.

Notes.

Gasteruption bimaculatum is very similar to Gasteruption obscuripenne Pasteels, 1958, a species described from Java (Figs 334-341), but Gasteruption bimaculatum has the mesosoma laterally often orange-brown (black in Gasteruption obscuripenne ), the head less directly narrowed behind the eyes (more so in Gasteruption obscuripenne ; Fig. 340 versus Fig. 53), the eyes conspicuously setose (but sometimes inconspicuously so; glabrous or inconspicuously setose in Gasteruption obscuripenne ) and apical 0.4 of hypopygium of female incised (apical 0.3 in Gasteruption obscuripenne ). Male paratypes of Gasteruption obscuripenne from Java have the vertex completely flat and more acutely incised and comparatively slender basal antennal segments. These differences may be clinal, but without studying material from the area between the Sunda region and China (including Himalayas) we refrain from formally synonymising both species.

Two paratypes of Gasteruption bimaculatum from Sumba (1 ♀ + 1 ♂ (KBIN) "C. Sumba, Lokojengo, 24.ix. (♀) or 25.ix.1949 (♂), Dr. Bühler, Dr. Sutter", " Gasteruption bimaculatum n. sp., J. Pasteels det., 1955", “Paratypus”, "R.I.Sc.N.B. I.G. 21280") have been examined. They belong not to Gasteruption bimaculatum but are very close to Gasteruption obscuripenne . The Sumba specimens has similar ovipositor sheath (2.2 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined, 3.4 times hind tibia, 1.1 times metasoma and 0.7 times body), OOL long (1.4 times diameter of ocellus), brown mandible and coloured wings. However, the Sumba specimens has the head shorter in dorsal view, the propleuron slightly slenderer, the pronotal side distinctly slenderer, the face short and inconspicuously setose, hind femur slightly less slender and hind tarsus distinctly less slender, the pronotum with a distinct antero-lateral tooth and the mesosoma largely orange-brown laterally. The mesosoma is 1.9 times as long as high, 4th and 5th antennal segments of male slender and the propleuron 1.1 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae and hypopygium not slit-shaped incised. The report of Gasteruption obscuripenne from the Philippines ( Pasteels 1958) will remain doubtful till females are available.