Chionomus, Fennah, 1971

Weglarz, Kathryn M. & Bartlett, Charles R, 2020, A revision of the planthopper genus Chionomus Fennah (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae), Zootaxa 4811 (1), pp. 1-63 : 10-11

Key to males of the Genus Chionomus

1. Armature of diaphragm distinctly bilobed ( Figures 6i , 28a , 29a ).............................................. (2).

- Armature of diaphragm not distinctly bilobed, may be cordate, notched, or U-shaped ( Figures 19a , 25a , 30a )........... (5).

2. Armature of diaphragm hooked, lobes parallel; processes of segment X present but not particularly strong, specimens with carinae of the mesonotum lightened frequently forming a vitta ( Figures 6 , 22 , 13 , 28 )............................. (3).

- Armature of diaphragm not hooked, lobes distinctly diverging; processes distinct and directed ventrad, carinae of mesonotum concolorous ( Figures 5 , 21 , 14 , 29 )..................................................................... (4).

3. Armature of diaphragm hooked only in apical half, lobes only diverging in apical half; aedeagus with toothed flange on left side ( Figures 6 , 22 )............................................................................. C. bellicosus .

- Armature of diaphragm hooked along entire length, lobes diverging from point of origin; aedeagus without flange, with two rows of scattered teeth ( Figures 13 , 28 )........................................................... C. pacificus .

4. Lobes of armature of diaphragm small and closely approximated; processes of segment X parallel. Posterior edge of pronotum dark, only paranota white in color ( Figures 5 , 21 )................................................. C. banosensis .

- Lobes of armature of the diaphragm produced, diverging from point origin; processes of segment X diverging. Posterior edge of pronotum white, paranota also white ( Figures 14 , 29 )............................................... C. puellus .

5. Pygofer with prominent quadrate, dorsolateral process. Parameres not flattened at apex. ( Figures 12 , 27 )......... C. herkos .

- Pygofer without dorsolateral processes, if produced at dorsolateral margin, not quadrate. Parameres flattened at apex. ( Figures 19 , 23 , 26 )......................................................................................... (6).

6. Segment X with a total of 4 processes ( Figures 23b , 24b , 25b , 30b )............................................ (7).

- Segment X with only 2 processes or processes vestigial ( Figures 19b , 20b , 26b , 31b )............................. (10).

7. Secondary processes of segment X small, spine-like. Armature of diaphragm shelf-like. Ventral margin of pygofer with caudally projecting median process ( Figures 9 , 24 )..................................................... C. dolonus .

- Secondary processes of segment X long, sinuate. Armature of diaphragm quadrate, quadrate and notched, or U-shaped. Ventral margin of pygofer lacking median process ( Figures 23 , 25 , 29 )............................................... (8).

8. Armature of diaphragm quadrate or cordate/notched, toothed along vertical margins; aedeagus not distinctly enlarged at base ( Figures 23a, c , 25a, c )............................................................................... (9).

- Armature of diaphragm U-shaped, lacking teeth; aedeagus with distinctly enlarged, quadrate base ( Figures 29 a, b ).............................................................................................. C. quadrispinosus .

9. Armature of diaphragm notched along ventral margin; aedeagus with slight enlargement apically. Parameres not produced opposite of basal angle. Posterior compartments of vertex and stem of Y-shaped carina dark ( Figures 10 , 25 )... C. gluciophilus .

- Armature of diaphragm quadrate, notch along ventral margin not evident; aedeagus tapering along entire length, not enlarged apically. Parameres with rounded projection opposite of basal angle. Posterior compartment of vertex light but with fuscous markings, stem of Y-shaped carina light ( Figures 8 , 23 )............................................. C. dissipatus .

10. Aedeagus nearly straight, may have slight dorsal curve ( Figures 19b , 20c , 26c )................................. (11).

- Aedeagus with distinct curve dorsad, nearly forming a right-angle apical hook on left, small teeth along length. Segment X with two rounded processes, lobe-like, arising from the middle of segment. Specimens frequently large for Chionomus , with wings infuscate ( Figures 17 , 31 )......................................................................... C. tenae .

11. Aedeagus with subapical and distinctly projecting flagellum, lacking teeth and hooks ( Figure 19b )............ C. havanae .

- Aedeagus without flagellum, with hooks and/or teeth ( Figures 20c , 26c )....................................... (12).

12. Aedeagus with large hooks on right side of aedeagus; apex of parameres anvil shaped ( Figures 20b,c ).......... C. balboae .

- Aedeagus with small teeth in two scattered rows, lacking any sort of hook; apex of parameres quadrate ( Figures 26b,c )............................................................................................... C. haywardi .

Figures

FIGURE 5. Habitus of Chionomus banosensis (holotype; terminalia in balsam); A. dorsal view, habitus; B. frontal view, habitus; C. lateral view, habitus; D. calcar; E. anal tube, right lateral view; F. pygofer, caudal view; G. hind tarsus, ventral view; H. paramere, widest view (right paramere from underside); I. aedeagus, left lateral view.

FIGURE 6. Habitus of Chionomus bellicosus (holotype; A, C, E-I; holotype terminalia in balsam); A. dorsal view, habitus brachypterous holotype; B. dorsal view, habitus macropter; C. lateral view, habitus brachypterous holotype; D. lateral view, habitus macropter; E. labels of holotype; F. front habitus of holotype; G. aedeagus and anal tube of holotype, left lateral view; H. parameres of holotype, caudal view; I. pygofer of holotype, caudal view, J. lateral view of male terminalia, left lateral view.

FIGURE 8. Habitus of Chionomus dissipatus (holotype; A, C, E-F); A. habitus dorsal view, brachypterous holotype; B. habitus dorsal view, macropter; C. habitus lateral view, brachypterous holotype; D. habitus lateral view, macropter; E. labels of holotype; F. habitus front of holotype; G. caudal view of male terminalia; H. left lateral view of male terminalia.

FIGURE 9. Habitus of Chionomus dolonus n. sp.(holotype); A. dorsal habitus; B. lateral habitus; C. frontal habitus; D. male terminalia, left lateral view, E. male terminalia, caudal view; F. male terminalia, ventral view.

FIGURE 10. Habitus of Chionomus gluciophilus (holotype, C, E, G, H embedded in balsam). A. dorsal habitus; B. labels of holotype; C. aedeagus; D. lateral habitus; E. parameres, caudal view; F. frontal habitus; G. anal tube, semilateral view; H. pygofer, caudal view.

FIGURE 12. Habitus of Chionomus herkos n. sp. A. Dorsal view, habitus (holotype); B. lateral view, habitus (holotype); C. frontal habitus; D. pygofer, lateral view; E. pygofer, caudal view.

FIGURE 13. Habitus of Chionomus pacificus. A. dorsal habitus; B. lateral habitus; C. frontal habitus; D. male terminalia, left lateral view; E. male terminalia, caudal view.

FIGURE 14. Habitus of Chionomus puellus. A. dorsal habitus; B. lateral habitus; C. frontal habitus D. male terminalia, left lateral view; E. male terminalia, caudal view.

FIGURE 17. Habitus of Chionomus tenae (A-C paratype of Delphacodes arcuata Beamer, Lower Matecumbe Key, Florida). A. dorsal habitus; B. lateral habitus; C. frontal habitus, D. male terminalia, left lateral view, E. male terminalia, caudal view.

FIGURE 19. Line art of Chionomus havanae terminalia, A. pygofer, caudal view, B. aedeagus and anal tube, left lateral view, C. left paramere, widest view.

FIGURE 20. Line art of Chionomus balboae terminalia, A. pygofer, caudal view, B. anal tube, left lateral view, C. aedeagus, left lateral view; D. left paramere, widest view.

FIGURE 21. Line art of Chionomus banosensis terminalia, A. pygofer, caudal view, B. anal tube, left lateral view, C. aedeagus, left lateral view; D. left paramere, widest view.

FIGURE 22. Line art of Chionomus bellicosus, terminalia, A. pygofer, caudal view, B. anal tube, left lateral view, C. aedeagus, left lateral view; D. left paramere, widest view.

FIGURE 23. Line art of Chionomus dissapatus, terminalia, A. pygofer, caudal view, B. anal tube, left lateral view, C. aedeagus, left lateral view; D. left paramere, widest view.

FIGURE 24. Line art of Chionomus dolonus n. sp., terminalia, A. pygofer, caudal view, B. anal tube, left lateral view, C. aedeagus, left lateral view; D. left paramere, widest view.

FIGURE 25. Line art of Chionomus gluciophilus, terminalia, A. pygofer, caudal view, B. anal tube, left lateral view, C. aedeagus, left lateral view; D. left paramere, widest view.

FIGURE 26. Line art of Chionomus haywardi, terminalia, A. pygofer, caudal view, B. anal tube, left lateral view, C. aedeagus, left lateral view; D. left paramere, widest view.

FIGURE 27. Line art of Chionomus herkos n. sp. terminalia, A. pygofer, caudal view, B. anal tube and aedeagus, left lateral view, C. left paramere, widest view.

FIGURE 28. Line art of Chionomus pacificus terminalia, A. pygofer, caudal view, B. anal tube, left lateral view, C. aedeagus, left lateral view, D. left paramere, widest view.

FIGURE 29. Line art of Chionomus puellus terminalia, A. pygofer, caudal view, B. anal tube, left lateral view, C. anal tube, caudal view, D. aedeagus, left lateral view, E. left paramere, widest view.

FIGURE 30. Line art of Chionomus quadrispinosus terminalia, A. pygofer, caudal view, B. anal tube and aedeagus, left lateral view, C. left paramere, widest view.

FIGURE 31. Line art of Chionomus tenae terminalia, A. pygofer, caudal view, B. anal tube and aedeagus, left lateral view, C. left paramere, widest view.