Figitinae

Paretas-Martínez, Jordi, Rakhsani, Ehsan, Fathabadi, Khalil & Pujade-Villar, Juli, 2012, sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae: Figitinae) from Iran, with a key to the genera of Figitinae, Zootaxa 3177, pp. 43-51 : 50

Key to genera of Figitinae + Melanips

1. Scutellum ending in a point ( Figs 3 A,B) or with spine ( Figs 3 C,F)............................................... 2

- Scutellum rounded, lacking spine ( Figs 4 A–C, 5A,E,I)........................................................ 4

2. Notauli with transverse carinae ( Fig. 3 D); mesoscutum coriaceous at least in basal area next to notauli ( Fig. 3 D). Interfoveal carina below foveae level. Radial cell closed. Face entirely sculptured in both sexes ( Fig. 3 G)..... Xyalophora Kieffer, 1901

- Notauli smooth; mesoscutum smooth ( Fig. 3 E). Interfoveal carina at same level as foveae or higher and forming a sharp tooth ( Fig. 3 F). Radial cell open ( Fig. 3 K) or partially open ( Fig. 3 J); face in male with two shiny and smooth areas ( Fig. 3 H), and in female with irradiating strigae ( Fig. 3 I).................................................................... 3

3. Scutellum wrinkled and ending in a very short spine 1/10 or less length of scutellum ( Fig. 3 B). Wings glabrous; radial cell partially open ( Fig. 3 J). Male antenna with F1 longer than remaining flagellomeres.................................................................................................... Xyalophoroides Jiménez & Pujade-Villar, 2008

- Scutellum carinate ( Fig. 3 C) or rarely smooth ( Fig. 3 A) and ending in a spine usually 1/3 of length of scutellum ( Figs 3 C,F), though rarely very short ( Fig. 3 A). Wings with setae on disc and margin; radial cell open ( Fig. 3 K), sometimes with R1 not reaching wing margin. Male antenna with F1 subequal or smaller than remaining flagellomeres..... Neralsia Cameron, 1883

4. Metasomal T3 with dense patch of setae laterally just behind T2 ( Fig. 2 G)........................................ 5

- Metasomal T3 glabrous, without setae or with a very few sparse setae ( Figs 5 H,L)................................. 11

5. Mesoscutum smooth or at most coriaceous in basal area next to notauli, sparsely pubescent with some disperse punctation ( Figs 4 A,B).......................................................................................... 6

- Mesoscutum rugose, with uniformly distributed pubescence ( Figs 2 E, 4C)........................................ 9

6. Scutellum with one large squared fovea, though sometimes with a low carina at bottom of fovea ( Fig. 4 A). Female antenna with distal segments very enlarged ( Fig. 4 D)........................................... Lonchidia Thomson, 1861

- Scutellum with two distinct rounded foveae ( Fig. 2 E). Female antenna with distal segments not enlarged ( Fig. 2 B)........ 7

7. Radial cell open. Scutellum smooth, with circumscutellar carina ( Fig. 4 B). Female metasoma shorter than head + mesosoma, not compressed, hypopygium not prominent.............................................. Paraschiza Weld, 1944

- Radial cell closed. Scutellum rugose, with or without circumscutellar carina. Female metasoma as long as or longer than head + mesosoma, very compressed, hypopygium very prominent ( Fig. 4 E)............................................ 8

8. Antenna 14-segmented in both sexes. Male F1 excavated. Areolet faintly indicated. Face striate.. Sarothrioides Belizin, 1961

- Antenna 13-segmented in female. Male F1 sometimes not excavated. Areolet present. Face smooth or sometimes punctate or coriaceous-punctate, but never striate...................................................................... 9

9. Notauli present..................................................................... Sarothrus Hartig, 1840

- Notauli absent.................................................................... Amphitectus Hartig, 1840

10. Veins of radial cell hyaline, not nebulous ( Fig. 4 G). Areolet present ( Fig. 4 G). Head sub-quadrangular ( Fig. 4 F). Scutellum without circumscutellar carina ( Fig. 4 C)................... Melanips Walker, 1835 (currently included in the Aspicerinae )

- Veins of radial cell nebulous ( Fig. 2 F). Areolet absent ( Fig. 2 F). Head subtriangular ( Figs 2 A). Scutellum with circumscutellar carina ( Figs 2 E).............................................. Nebulovena Pujade-Villar & Paretas-Martínez, 2011

11. Compound eyes glabrous ( Fig. 5 B)....................................................................... 12

- Compound eyes pubescent ( Fig. 5 C)..................................................................... 13

12. Radial cell open. Mesosoma smooth or with only some piliferous points ( Fig. 5 A). Mesopleuron smooth ( Fig. 5 A)........................................................................................... Trischiza Förster, 1869

- Radial cell closed. Mesosoma coriaceous with piliferous points and in females rugose-coriaceous laterally. Mesopleuron coriaceous with carinae basally............................................................. Seitneria Tavares, 1928

13. Scutellum smooth. Head in dorsal view very long, sub-spherical ( Fig. 5 D). Metasomal T2 smooth..... Zygosis Förster, 1869

- Scutellum rugose, at least partially. Head in dorsal view not very long. Metasomal T2 sometimes carinate.............. 14

14. Female antenna longer, F2–9 longer than wide; F 1 in males filiform, not or only slightly modified. Pronotum carinate, at least basally ( Fig. 5 E). Mesosoma with sparse bristly setae ( Fig. 5 E). Mesopleuron striate, sometimes with a small smooth area ( Fig. 5 E). Radial cell sometimes partially open ( Fig. 5 F). Anterior half of metasomal T 2 in female usually striate, but not always in male ( Fig. 5 H)....................................................................... Figites Latreille, 1802

- Female antenna shorter, F2–9 very short, as long as wide ( Fig. 5 K); F 1 in males curved, strongly modified ( Fig. 5 J). Pronotum smooth ( Fig. 5 I). Mesosoma with abundant lying setae ( Fig. 5 I). Mesopleuron mostly smooth, with carinae in lower half ( Fig. 5 I). Radial cell closed ( Fig. 5 G). Metasomal T2 smooth ( Fig. 5 L)............................. Homorus Förster, 1869

Figures

FIGURE 2. Nebulovena persa. A) Head, anterior view; B) Female antenna; C) Male antenna, arrow indicating F 1 excavated; D) Mesosoma, lateral view; E) Mesosoma, dorsal view, arrows indicating circumscutellar carina; F) Radial cell; G) Metasoma, lateral view.

FIGURE 3. Characters of Figitinae. A) Scutellum in dorsal view of Neralsia pseudoneralsia Jiménez & Pujade-Villar; B) scutellum in dorsal view of Xyalophoroides quinquelineata (Say); C) Scutellum in dorsal view of Neralsia acostullata Jiménez & Pujade-Villar; D) mesosoma in dorsal view of Xyalophora clavata (Giraud); E) mesosoma in dorsal view of Neralsia sp; F) scutellum in lateral view of Neralsia madrigalensis Jiménez & Pujade-Villar, arrow indicates interfoveal carina; G) head in frontal view of Xyalophora clavata; H) head in frontal view of Xyalophoroides quinquelineata; I) head in frontal view of Neralsia sp.; J) radial cell of X. quinquelineata; K) radial cell of Neralsia kiefferi Jiménez & Pujade-Villar.

FIGURE 4. Characters of Figitinae + Melanips. A) Mesosoma, dorsal view, Lonchidia sp.; B) mesosoma, dorsal view, Paraschiza sp.; C) mesosoma, dorsal view, Melanips opacus (leg. Morphbank); D) Female antenna, Lonchidia sp. (leg. Morphbank); E) metasoma longer than head + mesosoma, Amphitectus sp.; F) head, anterior view, Melanips opacus (leg. Morphbank); G) radial cell, Melanips opacus (Hartig).

FIGURE 5. Characters of Figitinae. A) Mesosoma, lateral view, Trischiza sp.; B) head, lateral view, Trischiza sp.; C) head, lateral view, Figites sp.; D) head, dorsal view, Trischiza sp.; E) mesosoma, lateral view, Figites aciculata (Benoit); F) radial cell, Figites sp.; G) radial cell, Homorus abnormis (Giraud); H) metasoma, dorsal view, Figites sp.; I) mesosoma, lateral view, H. abnormis; J) F 1, male, H. abnormis; K) female antenna, H. abnormis; L) female metasoma, lateral view, H. abnormis.