Phenacoccus hordei (Lindeman)

MOGHADDAM, MASUMEH & WATSON, GILLIAN W., 2022, The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 2 The Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae And Rhizoecidae) And Putoidae, Zootaxa 5126 (1), pp. 1-169 : 96

Phenacoccus hordei (Lindeman)

( Fig. 40 , distribution map Fig. 69 C )

Westwoodia hordei Lindeman, 1886: 367 ; Pseudococcus graminis Reuter, 1904: 66 ; Phenacoccus cholodkovskyi Marchal, 1908: 245 ; Phenacoccus avetianae Borchsenius, 1949: 230 .

Field characteristics: All developmental stages occur on roots and the surrounding material. Adult female body up to 3.3 mm long, oval, pale yellow or pink. Ovisac of white wax conspicuous, shape variable depending on constraints of the oviposition site. Eggs oval, each up to 0.37 mm long, bright yellow ( Kosztarab & Kozár 1988; Malumphy 2011).

Microscopic diagnosis: Slide-mounted adult female broadly oval. Anal lobes moderately developed. Antennae normally each with 9 segments. Legs well developed; hind leg with translucent pores on femur; claw with a denticle; tarsal digitules pointed at tip and shorter than claw. Cerarii numbering 11 pairs, with 6 pairs on head and thorax and 5 pairs on posterior abdominal segments (C 14 –C 18). Anal lobe cerarii each with 2 enlarged lanceolate setae, 2 or 3 short setae and about 8 trilocular pores; C 3 with 3 short lanceolate setae and 2 or 3 trilocular pores. Circulus absent. Ostioles well developed. Anal ring with 2 rows of pores and 6 setae.

Dorsum with conical setae. Multilocular disc pores numerous, forming transverse rows across thorax and posterior edges of abdominal segments I‒VII, also forming groups on head. Trilocular pores and minute discoidal pores scattered throughout. Oral collar tubular ducts all same size, occurring singly on thorax and forming transverse rows across abdominal segments I‒VII, also groups on the margins of these segments.

Venter with normal flagellate setae, except for some short conical setae present on margins. Multilocular disc pores each with 10 loculi, grouped on margins of thorax and abdominal segments I‒IV, also forming 1 or 2 rows on posterior edges of abdominal segments, and posterior to vulva. Quinquelocular pores numerous, present medially on head, thorax, anterior edges of abdominal segments and posterior to vulva. Trilocular pores and minute discoidal pores scattered throughout. Oral collar tubular ducts of 2 sizes; larger type present on thorax and margins of abdominal segments; smaller type present mainly on posterior abdominal segments, at posterior edges of abdominal segments V ‒ VIII +IX, and on margins of thorax and segments I‒IV.

Distribution: This species is known from 17 countries in the Palaearctic Region including Iran ( García Morales et al. 2016), where it has been recorded from Tehran province ( Moghaddam 2013a).

Host-plants: Phenacoccus hordei has been recorded on host-plants in 21 genera belonging to 7 families ( García Morales et al. 2016); in Iran, it has been recorded on Poaceae ( Moghaddam 2013a) .

Economic importance: None.

Natural enemies: None recorded.

Comments: The accompanying illustration is reproduced from Moghaddam (2013a), page 51, Fig. 27 , with kind permission from the Chief Editor of Zootaxa.

Figures

FIGURE 27. Adult female of Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead). © The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, U.K.

FIGURE 40. Adult female of Phenacoccus hordei (Lindeman). © Magnolia Press, www.mapress.com/j/zt, reproduced with the copyright holder’s permission.

FIGURE 69. Maps of species distributions in Iran. A. Phenacoccus bromi Moghaddam; B. Phenacoccus daganiae Bodenheimer; C. Phenacoccus hordei (Lindeman); D. Phenacoccus insularis Danzig; E. Phenacoccus poae Moghaddam; F. Phenacoccus pumilus Kiritshenko; G. Phenacoccus solani Ferris; H. Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley; I. Phenacoccus transcaucasicus Hadzibejli; J. Planococcus citri (Risso); K. Planococcus ficus (Signoret); L. Planococcus kraunhiae (Kuwana).