Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti)

MOGHADDAM, MASUMEH & WATSON, GILLIAN W., 2022, The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 2 The Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae And Rhizoecidae) And Putoidae, Zootaxa 5126 (1), pp. 1-169 : 118

Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti)

( Fig. 52 , distribution map Fig. 70 C )

Dactylopius longispinus Targioni Tozzetti, 1867: 75 . Coccus laurinus Boisduval, 1867: 353 . Dactylopius hoyae Signoret, 1875a: 317 . Dactylopius pteridis Signoret, 1875a: 321 . Dactylopius longifilis Comstock, 1881: 344 .

Field characteristics: Often found on leaf undersides. Body of adult female up to 3.6 mm long, yellowish brown, covered with white mealy wax; no ovisac is produced. Body margins with 17 pairs of wax projections, posteriormost 2 pairs becoming as long as, or longer than body (but are easily broken off). When disturbed, the ostiolar fluid released is colourless.

Microscopic diagnosis: Slide-mounted adult female oval to broadly oval. Anal lobes moderately developed, each ventral surface with an oval sclerotized area occupying much of lobe, with a bar-like structure present near inner margin. Antennae long, each with 8 segments. Legs well developed; hind leg with translucent pores on femur and tibia; tarsal digitules pointed at tip and longer than claw. Cerarii numbering 17 pairs; anal lobe cerarii each with 2 conical setae, 4–6 auxiliary setae and a compact group of 60–80 trilocular pores, all situated on oval sclerotized area larger than area of anal ring; penultimate cerarii (C 17) each with 2 conical setae, about 6 auxiliary setae and a compact group of 50–60 trilocular pores, all situated on a circular sclerotized area. Anterior cerarii each with 2 small conical setae, 2–6 auxiliary setae and 16–30 trilocular pores, mostly situated on membranous areas; head cerarii (C 1 and C 2) each usually containing 3 or 4 conical setae; C 4 with 2 or 3 conical setae. Circulus present, divided by an intersegmental line. Ostioles well developed.

Dorsum with medium-length stiff setae. Trilocular pores evenly dispersed. Discoidal pores minute, sparse, occasionally 1 by eye. Oral rim tubular ducts distributed around margins, most cerarii each associated with 1 large and 2 small ducts. Oral collar tubular ducts usually absent, rarely with 1 or 2 around margins.

Venter with long flagellate setae. Multilocular pores each with 10 loculi, few, present around vulva only. Trilocular pores evenly distributed. Discoidal pores minute, sparse, usually absent from next to eyes. Oral rim ducts, each about same size as small type on dorsum, forming groups lateral to anterior spiracles and usually present singly on margins posteriorly as far as abdominal segment V . Oral collar ducts of 3 sizes present: largest type, each slightly wider than a trilocular pore and often with a narrow indistinct rim with discoidal pores adjacent to orifice, present in small marginal groups on abdomen and sparsely around anterior margins as far forward as meso- or sometimes metathorax; intermediate type, each slightly narrower than trilocular pore, present medially on abdominal segments VI – VIII or sometimes on segment V; and a minute type, represented by 1 or 2 medially on segments VI and VII .

Distribution: Pseudococcus longispinus is known from 115 countries worldwide including Iran ( García Morales et al. 2016), where it has been recorded from Gilan, Mazandaran and Tehran provinces ( Moghaddam 2013b).

Host-plants: The species has been found on host-plants in 204 genera belonging to 96 families ( García Morales et al. 2016). In Iran, it has been recorded on Buxaceae : Buxus hyrcana ; Celastraceae : Euonymus sp. ( Moghaddam 2013b) .

Economic importance: None in Iran.

Natural enemies: Not recorded in Iran.

Comments: The accompanying illustration is reproduced from Williams (2004), page 697, Fig. 313, with kind permission from the authors and the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, U.K.

Figures

FIGURE 52.Adult female of Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti), © The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, U.K.

FIGURE 70. Maps of species distributions in Iran. A. Planococcus vovae (Nasonov); B. Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana); C. Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti); D. Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret); E. Rhodania aeluropi Williams & Moghaddam; F. Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell); G. Spilococcus alhagii (Hall); H. Spilococcus mirzayansi (Moghaddam); I. Spilococcus williamsi sp. n.; J. Trabutina crassispinosa Borchsenius; K. Trabutina mannipara (Hemprich & Ehrenberg); L. Trabutina serpentina (Green).