Planococcus vovae (Nasonov)

MOGHADDAM, MASUMEH & WATSON, GILLIAN W., 2022, The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 2 The Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae And Rhizoecidae) And Putoidae, Zootaxa 5126 (1), pp. 1-169 : 114-115

Planococcus vovae (Nasonov)

( Fig. 50 , Plate 2 G , distribution map Fig. 70 A )

Pseudococcus (Dactylopius) vovae Nasonov, 1909: 484 . Pseudococcus inamabilis Hambleton, 1935: 112 . Pseudococcus junipericola Borchsenius, 1949: 116 . Planococcus taigae Danzig, 1986: 19 . Planococcus juniperus Tang in Tang & Li, 1988: 42.

Field characteristics: Body of adult female oval, about 3 mm long, brownish, remaining visible at the anterior end of the ovisac ( Kosztarab & Kozár 1988).

Microscopic diagnosis: Slide-mounted adult female oval. Antennae usually each with 9 segments. Legs well developed; hind leg with translucent pores on coxa and tibia; tarsal digitules pointed at tip anad longer than claw. Cerarii numbering 18 pairs; each cerarius bearing 2 slender conical setae, except for preocular pair (C 2) with 3 setae. Circulus present, divided by an intersegmental line. Ostioles well developed.

Dorsum with flagellate setae. Multilocular disc pores absent. Trilocular pores and minute discoidal pores scattered throughout. Oral collar tubular ducts each with a conspicuous rim, larger than ventral ducts, often present next to some cerarii.

Venter with long flagellate setae, much longer than dorsal setae. Cisanal setae shorter than anal ring setae. Multilocular disc pores each with 10 loculi, present in rows across posterior edges of abdominal segment IV and posterior segments, reaching to margins. Trilocular pores evenly distributed. Discoidal pores sparse throughout. Oral collar ducts of 2 sizes: small ducts sparse across median areas of abdominal segments, and larger ducts present around margins including head and thorax, and also scattered medially on thorax.

Distribution: Planococcus vovae is known from 1 country ( Brazil) in the Neotropical Region and 39 countries in the Palaearctic Region ( García Morales et al. 2016) including Iran, where it has been recorded from Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Kerman, Markazi, Mazandaran, Tehran and Yazd provinces ( Moghaddam 2013b).

Host-plants: Planococcus vovae has been found on host-plants in eight genera belonging to four families: Araceae , Cupressaceae , Lauraceae and Taxaceae ( García Morales et al. 2016) . In Iran, it has been recorded on Cupressaceae : Cupressus sp. ( Moghaddam 2013b) .

Economic importance: In Iran the cypress tree mealybug, P. vovae , is one of the most important pests of cypress trees, especially on Cupressus semprevirens fastigiata ; however, it seems that mostly it is controlled by natural enemies.

Natural enemies: The following natural enemies of P. vovae have been recorded from Iran ( Lotfalizadeh & Ahmadi 2000; Talebi et al. 2008): the predators Oenopia conglobata (L.), Exochomus nigromaculatus (Goeze) , E. quadripustulatus (L.), Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.), Nephus bipunctatus (Kugelann) , and Hyperaspis femorata (Motschulsky) ( Coleoptera : Coccinelidae); Leucopomyia sogdiana Tanasijtshuk ( Diptera : Chamaemyiidae ); Geocoris quercicola Linnavaouri ( Hemiptera : Lygaeidae ); and the neuropterans Sympherobius pygmaeus (Rambur) (Hemerobiidae) and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Chrysopidae) . The hymenopteran parasitoids recorded were Anagyrus pseudococci Girault , Coccidoxenoides perminutus Girault , and Dusmetia fuscipennis Noyes & Hayat (Encyrtidae) ; Aprostocetus ceroplastae (Girault) (Eulophidae) ; and Pachyneuron bonum Xu & Li (Hym.: Pteromalidae ).

Comments: The accompanying illustration is reproduced from Williams & Moghaddam (2000), page 36, Fig. 1 , with kind permission from the from the authors and the editor of Journal of Entomological Society of Iran.

Genus PSEUDOCOCCUS Westwood

Pseudococcus Westwood, 1840: 447 . Type species: Dactylopius longispinus Targioni Tozzetti by subsequent designation. Boisduvalia Signoret, 1875a: 338 .

Principal characters: Antennae each with 8 segments. Cerarii numbering 12‒17 pairs, preocular pair (C 2) always absent; abdominal cerarii each usually with only 2 enlarged conical setae but sometimes with more; auxiliary setae present in at least anal lobe cerarii (C 18) and penultimate pair (C 17). Oral rim tubular ducts present.

Comments: Worldwide, 169 species are included in Pseudococcus ( García Morales et al. 2016) ; three species are known from Iran ( Moghaddam 2013a).

Key to species of Pseudococcus in Iran

1(0) Most cerarii each associated with 2 or 3 oral rim tubular ducts of 2 sizes. Ventral multilocular disc pores present around vulva only. ....................................................................... longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti)

- Cerarii each associated with 0 or 1 oral rim duct, all same size. Ventral multilocular disc pores present on at least abdominal segments IV‒IX...................................................................................... 2

2(1) Hind coxa with translucent pores; hind tibia parallel-sided. Eyes not associated with discoidal pores. Dorsal setae almost as long as ventral setae....................................................................... comstocki (Kuwana)

- Hind coxa without translucent pores; hind tibia inflated, with slightly convex margins. Each eye associated with 1‒3 discoidal pores. Dorsal setae much shorter than ventral setae. ............................................ viburni (Signoret)

Figures

FIGURE 1. Generalised morphology of an adult female mealybug (including two types of ceroris, a structure found only in the family Rhizoecidae). © The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, U.K.

PLATE 2. A. Phenacoccus aceris (Signoret); B. Phenacoccus bromi Moghaddam; C. Phenacoccus poae Moghaddam; D. Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley; E. Planococcus citri (Risso); F. Planococcus kraunhiae (Kuwana); G. Planococcus vovae (Nasonov); H. Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana).

FIGURE 50. Adult female of Planococcus vovae (Nasonov).

FIGURE 70. Maps of species distributions in Iran. A. Planococcus vovae (Nasonov); B. Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana); C. Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti); D. Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret); E. Rhodania aeluropi Williams & Moghaddam; F. Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell); G. Spilococcus alhagii (Hall); H. Spilococcus mirzayansi (Moghaddam); I. Spilococcus williamsi sp. n.; J. Trabutina crassispinosa Borchsenius; K. Trabutina mannipara (Hemprich & Ehrenberg); L. Trabutina serpentina (Green).