Deutonura jeromoltoi, Deharveng & Bedos & Duran, 2015

Deharveng, Louis, Bedos, Anne & Duran, Vanesa, 2015, Two new species of Poduromorpha (Collembola) from the Mercantour National Park (Alpes-Maritimes, France), with comments on pseudopore patterns, Zoosystema 37 (1), pp. 179-191 : 184-189

Deutonura jeromoltoi n. sp.

( Figs 5-9 ; Table 1)

TYPE MATERIAL. — France. Alpes-Maritimes , Valdeblore, Col de Salèse, 10.VI.2009, litter in open forest of Larix decidua Mill. and Picea abies (L.) H. Karst, with understory of meadows and bushes of Rhododendron ferrugineum L., Berlese extraction, L. Deharveng & A. Bedos leg. (sample M090610-DB03; 7.23698E; 44.13734N; altitude 2058 m), ♂ holotype (slide M090610-DB03/2, collection number MNHN-EA021555) and 2 paratypes (one ♂, slide M090610-DB03/1, collection number MNHN-EA021556; one juvenile, slide M090610-DB03/3, collection number MNHN- EA021557). — Same data as holotype, soil under M090610-DB03 (sample M090610-DB04), one juvenile paratype on slide (collection number MNHN-EA021558). — Same data as holotype, litter (non standard sample M090610-DB17), 2 juvenile paratypes on slides (collection numbers MNHN-EA021559 and 021560) ; 2 barcoded paratypes (collection numbers MNHN-EA021244 and 021245, but vouchers not retrieved after extraction; no CO1 sequences obtained). All types deposited in MNHN.

NAME DERIVATION. — The species is named (by contraction) in honour of Jérôme Molto, for his help during the first sampling campaign of 2009.

DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Deutonura jeromoltoi n. sp. has been found only in the Boréon valley at about 2000 m, in open coniferous forest. It is replaced by D. gibbosa Porco, Bedos & Deharveng, 2010 and undescribed species of Deutonura in other valleys of the Mercantour.

DESCRIPTION

General

Length: 1150 µm (paratype male) to 1800 µm (holotype). Habitus usual for the genus, rather parallel and convex ( Fig. 5 ). Colour: very pale, sparsely mottled with blue on a white background, eyes black, 2 + 2. Dorso-internal tubercle of Abd. V large, prominent, not or barely bilobed. Abd. VI tubercles not large, separated by 10-12 secondary granules. All tubercles well developed on tergites, indicated by reticulations and tertiary granules without papillae, or with very small ones on hind body where secondary granules are stronger, especially on Abd. V. Elementary tubercles, when well developed, usually with 8-12 secondary granules in adult. All dorsal chaetae integrated in tubercles, except L on Abd. V. Chaetal morphology

Dorsal ordinary chaetae of four types: long macrochaetae, short macrochaetae, mesochaetae and microchaetae. Long macrochaetae thick to rather thick, finely and sparsely rugose, sheathed, rounded-ogival at apex, except the lat- eralmost ones, which tend to be pointed apically. Short macrochaetae similar to long macrochaetae, apart from length. Mesochaetae similar to ventral chaetae, thin and acuminate, short, smooth, limited to the chaeta Oca (in some specimens only), the most lateral chaeta of Abd. I-II, the two most lateral chaetae of Abd. III, the 2-5 most lateral chaetae of Abd. IV and the lateral chaeta of Abd. V. Schaetae of tergites long and thin, but much shorter than neighbouring long macrochaetae (2.5 × shorter on Abd. V). Microchaetae morphologically similar to mesochaetae, but very short, limited to chaeta L3’ on head.

Pseudopores

Dorsally arranged 1,1/1,1,1,1 per half tergite from Th. II to Abd. IV, located antero-distally at edge of each De tubercle reticulation. Ventrally 1 at base of each antenna; 1 + 1 on sternites Th. I, II, III; 1 unpaired on Abd. II, 1 + 1 posteriorly on Abd. IV and 1 unpaired anteriorly on Abd. V ( Fig. 8 ). One pseudopore on external side of coxae of legs I, II and III.

Mouthparts ( Fig. 6B, C, E )

Reduced. Labrum elongate, rounded-truncate apically, its distal chaetae about twice longer than ante-distal ones ( Fig. 6B ); ventro-distal sclerification thin and rounded ( Fig. 6C ). Labium chaetotaxy: 4 basal, 3 distal and 4 lateral chaetae ( Fig. 6E ); chaeta A about 1.7-1.8 × length of C and 1.9-2 × length of D. Mandible thin and tridentate, its apical tooth subdivided into three thin toothlets; maxilla styliform.

Antennae ( Fig. 6F, G )

Typical of the genus. Ant. IV with S-chaetae subequal, moderately thickened, S1 and S2 distinctly thinner than others; apical vesicle trilobed. Dorsal chaeta d4 absent on Ant. III.

Dorsal chaetotaxy and tubercles ( Figs 6A ; 7A, B ; Table 1) On head, tubercle Af with elementary tubercles DE and EE present, one elementary tubercle between chaetae A and no granular plate between chaetae A and B. Distance B-B about 1.1 × that of A-B. On Abd. V, tubercles Di V fused into a large, not or barely bilobed, prominent axial tubercle; chaetae Di1, Di2 and Di3 forming an elongated triangle with distance Di1 Di2 about half that of Di1-Di3; Mac Di1 bent and very long, twice as long as Di2; Di3 short macrochaeta, 3-4 × shorter than Di 2 in adult. S-chaetae of thoracic tubercles De antero-internal to De1 and equidistant to De1 and De2.

New Poduromorpha (Collembola) from Mercantour ( France)

Ventral chaetotaxy ( Fig. 8 ; Table 1)

Male without modified chaetae; male genital plate with 4 + 4 microchaetae Ge and 18 chaetae Cg.

Legs ( Table 1)

Tibiotarsi with chaeta M present; B4 and B5 moderately long, not or only slightly overpassing apex of tibiotarsi. Claw basally granulated, without inner tooth.

REMARKS

Deutonura jeromoltoi n.sp. is morphologically similar to D.igilica Dallai, 1983 , a species endemic to the island of Giglio, near the coast of Tuscany ( Dallai 1983). It differs from that species by a higher number of lateral chaetae on Abd. IV (8-9 vs 7), a less elongate frontal tubercle (B-B:A-B = 1.1, vs 0.9; Fig. 9A, B ) and a weaker development of Abd. VI tubercles. The uneven dorso-internal tubercle of Abd. V in a non-type specimen in Dallai’s collection, collected from Valle del Corvo (27.X.1972) and labelled D. igilica , is rather different to that of D. jeromoltoi n. sp., being less prominent and with only 2 + 2 chaetae (instead of 3 + 3) ( Fig. 9C, D ); however, as described by Dallai, the types have 3 + 3 chaetae. D. jeromoltoi n. sp. is also closely related to D. gibbosa , recently described from the Alps (where it is widespread), and also present in the Mercantour park. The two species have a very similar arrangement of tubercles and chaetotaxy, and the same morphology of mouthparts, including thin ventro-distal sclerifications ( Fig. 6C, D ). They differ by the number of chaetae on the tubercle De of Th. II (3 S vs 2 S in D. gibbosa ), and tubercle Di of Abd. V, which in D. jeromoltoi n. sp. is clearly shorter, less prominent and not bilobed.

The new species is endemic to the southwestern Alps, whereas D. gibbosa has a much wider distribution, extending across the whole Alpine range and into the Jura.

PSEUDOPORE PATTERNS IN PODUROMORPHA BÖRNER, 1913 Among the morphological characters described for Deutonura jeromoltoi n. sp., the complete pattern of pseudopore distribution was established. It matches, in all details, the pattern previously described in Neanura muscorum (Templeton, 1935) and subsequently observed in other Neanurinae ( Bilobella aurantiaca Caroli, 1910 and Thaumanura ruffoi Dallai, 1969 ) by Deharveng (1983). Pseudopores are usually overlooked in taxonomic descriptions of Neanurinae , since they are often similar to muscular insertion areas, being constituted by rounded, micro-perforated areas devoid of secondary granules, of a size similar to that of muscular insertions ( Deharveng 1983: fig. 3D), with which they can be easily confused. They differ in their slightly swollen and more regularly perforated surface. We did not detect pseudopores in Orogastrura tetrophthalma n. sp. and they have never been mentioned in Hypogastruridae , as far as we know. Conversely, they have been found in Pseudachorutinae (Neanuridae) , Odontellidae , Tullbergiidae and Onychiuridae ( Deharveng 1983:15; pl. 3d-e). Their pattern is sometimes given in descriptions of Onychiuridae , in which it differs ventrally from that of Neanuridae (Deharveng 1979; Weiner & Fjellberg 1994; Sun et al. 2010, 2011; Sun & Wu 2012). However, small differences exist between the published descriptions of onychiurid species, pointing to the need to re-examine them in comparison to the well-documented pseudopore pattern of Neanurinae .

Figures

FIG. 5. — Deutonura jeromoltoi n. sp.: habitus, in dorsal view, of three specimens. Body size 1150 to 1800 µm.

FIG. 6. —A-C, E-G, Deutonura jeromoltoi n. sp.; D, D. gibbosa Porco, Bedos & Deharveng, 2010: A, dorsal chaetotaxy, Black spots, pseudopores; B, labrum chaetotaxy; C, ventro-distal sclerification of labrum in D. jeromoltoi n. sp.; D, idem in D. gibbosa; E, labium; F, left Ant. III-IV in dorsal view; G, left Ant. III-IV in ventral view. Names of antennal chaetae after Smolis, 2008. Scale bars: A, 100 µm; B-E, 20 µm.

FIG. 7. — Deutonura jeromoltoi n. sp.: A, central area of head; B, genal and posterior areas of head. Scale bars: A, B, 50 µm.

FIG. 8. — Deutonura jeromoltoi n. sp.: abdominal sternite chaetotaxy. Grey areas, muscular insertions; Black spots, pseudopores. Scale bar: 100 µm.

FIG. 9. — A, C, Deutonura jeromoltoi n. sp.; B, D, D. igilica Dallai, 1983; A, B, reticulations of antenno-frontal tubercle; C, D reticulations of dorso-internal tubercle of Abd. V. Scale bars: 50 µm.