Eubriinae Lacordaire, 1857, 1876

Shepard, William D. & Barr, Cheryl B., 2023, A revision of the Chilean water penny genus Tychepsephus Waterhouse, 1876 (Coleoptera, Psephenidae, Eubriinae), with description of a second species and two larval morphotypes, and notes on other Chilean Psephenidae, ZooKeys 1164, pp. 23-61 : 23

Subfamily Eubriinae Lacordaire, 1857

Type genus.

Eubria Latrielle, 1829

Diagnosis.

The following characters, in combination distinguishing the Eubriinae from the other four psephenid subfamilies, Afroeubriinae , Eubrianacinae , Psepheninae and Psephenoidinae , are for the most part taken from Lee et al. (2007, 2016). Adults: 1) dorsally convex body (flattened in other subfamilies except Afroeubriinae ); 2) anterior margin of pronotum truncate or emarginate with an exposed head ( Eubrianacinae with pronotum rounded anteriorly and head entirely concealed); 3) maxillary palpus with apex not tapering (i.e., truncate, rounded or bifurcate) (tapering in Afroeubriinae ); 4) apex of the mesosternal process truncate or emarginate ( Afroeubriinae with process acute; Psephenoidinae with process tapered); and 5) five abdominal ventrites ( Psepheninae with seven ventrites in males and six in females). Larvae: 1) abdominal paratergites VII not lengthened to reach abdominal segment IX (reaching anterolateral angles of IX in Afroeubriinae and Psepheninae ; surrounding IX in Psephenoidinae ); 2) ventral external gills absent (present in Eubrianacinae and Psepheninae ); and 3) mature larvae metapneustic with a pair of spiracles near bases of abdominal paratergites VIII ( Afroeubriinae metapneustic with spiracles at apices of paratergites VIII; Eubrianacinae and Psepheninae amphineustic with exposed ventral gills; Psephenoidinae apneustic).

Geographic distribution.

The Eubriinae occur almost worldwide except in Antarctica and on some islands, including New Zealand. The subfamily is represented by 15 genera and 144 species ( Lee et al. 2016; Barr and Shepard 2017), with the greatest diversity in Asia. The genera Dicranopselaphus Guérin-Méneville, 1861, Eubria , Neoeubria , and Tychepsephus occur in the Neotropics. Of these, only Neoeubria and Tychepsephus are known from South America, although Dicranopselaphus possibly occurs there as well.

Habitat and biology.

See Lee et al. (2016) for an overview of the subfamily. See Shepard and Barr (2014) and Barr and Shepard (2017) for habitat descriptions of two neotropical species in the genera Neoeubria and Eubria , respectively.

Remarks.

In Chile, the only known psephenids are eubriines in the genus Tychepsephus , and the species currently named Eubrianax luteosignatus . The type of Eu. luteosignatus appears to be a eubriine, so it is likely misplaced in Eubrianax which is in the subfamily Eubrianacinae . Elgueta and Guerrero (2005) stated that all known Chilean psephenids are eubriines.