Tylonycteris tonkinensis Tu, Csorba, Ruedi & Hassanin

Tu, Vuong Tan, Csorba, Gábor, Ruedi, Manuel, Furey, Neil M., Son, Nguyen Truong, Thong, Vu Dinh, Bonillo, Céline & Hassanin, Alexandre, 2017, Comparative phylogeography of bamboo bats of the genus Tylonycteris (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in Southeast Asia, European Journal of Taxonomy 274 (274), pp. 1-38 : 13-16

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2017.274

publication LSID

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DEFAD552-9C2E-497B-83CA-1E04E3353EA4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860416

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C59B0774-79D6-4A84-9489-CF04BE35FC49

taxon LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:act:C59B0774-79D6-4A84-9489-CF04BE35FC49

treatment provided by

Plazi (2017-02-15 14:35:35, last updated 2024-12-11 12:20:25)

scientific name

Tylonycteris tonkinensis Tu, Csorba, Ruedi & Hassanin
status

sp. nov.

Tylonycteris tonkinensis Tu, Csorba, Ruedi & Hassanin View in CoL sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C59B0774-79D6-4A84-9489-CF04BE35FC49

Fig. 5 View Fig. 5 B

Tylonycteris robustula Thomas, 1915 View in CoL (partim): 227.

Tylonycteris robustula View in CoL – Osgood 1932: 236. — Tate 1942: 268. — Hendrichsen et al. 2001: 90. — Kruskop 2013: 221. — Thomas et al. 2013: 229.

Etymology

The specific epithet refers to the current restricted occurrence of the new species in north-eastern Laos and northern Vietnam ( Fig. 1 View Fig. 1 ). The Vietnamese portion of this region was previously called “Tonkin” during the Nguyễn dynasty and French colonial era (from the 19th to the mid-20th centuries) to separate it from the country’s centre (Annam) and southern regions (Cochinchina). The proposed English name is “Tonkin’s greater bamboo bat” and the proposed Vietnamese name is ‘Dơi ống tre Bắc Bộ’.

Type material

Holotype

VIETNAM: ♂, Copia Nature Reserve , Co Ma commune, Thuan Chau District, Son La Province, 21°21.727′ N, 103°30.562′ E, 1286 m a.s.l., 9 May 2011, Vuong Tan Tu leg. ( IEBR-VN11-0055 ; field number Tu.090511.3; tissue code VN11-0055). Body in alcohol, skull removed. Mass: 4 g. Measurements (in mm): FA: 27.0; HB: 41.0; Tail: 33.0; Ear: 11.0; GLS: 12.60; CCL: 11.59; UCI: 1.98; CC: 4.06; M3M3: 5.46; IC: 3.97; MB: 7.42; BW: 7.07; CM3: 3.96; ML: 8.64; CM3: 4.22. Accession numbers of mitochondrial and nuclear sequences: KX496422–KX496429 .

GoogleMaps

Paratypes

LAOS: 3 adult ♂♂ ( MHNG 1926.059 , MNHN 2006-90 , MNHN 2006-93 ), 1 adult ♀ ( MHNG 1926.057 ), Hat Hin, Nam Sing River , Phongsaly Province, 21°40.14′ N, 102°13.26′ E, 2004, Manuel Ruedi leg., body in alcohol, skull removed. GoogleMaps

GoogleMaps

VIETNAM: 1 ♂ ( IEBR-VN11-1804 ), Hang Kia, Pa Co Nature Reserve , Hoa Binh Province, 20°44.910′ N, 104°54.900′ E, 1080 m a.s.l., 2012, Vuong Tan Tu leg., body in alcohol, skull removed. GoogleMaps

Accession numbers of DNA sequences for paratypes are given in Appendix 1.

Referred material

Specimens identified as T. robustula collected from Na Don, Phuong Vien, Cho Don (Bac Kan Province) and Na Hang Nature Reserve (Tuyen Quang Province) ( Appendix 1) are also referred to T. tonkinensis sp. nov.

Description

A member of the T. robustula species complex comprising representatives of the Tr3 haplogroup found in northern Indochina. Externally, individuals are small, with a forearm length of 25.1–27.8 mm ( Table 2 View Table 2 ). The head is dorsoventrally very flattened. Pelage coloration is relatively variable, more or less golden red at the base of the dorsal fur, to dark brown near the tips of the dorsal hairs, and lighter golden brown on the underparts ( Fig. 5 View Fig. 5 B). The ears have a triangular shape, with broadly rounded tips. The tragus is short and blunt. The wing membranes are dark brown. The base of thumbs and soles of hind feet have fleshy pads ( Fig. 5 View Fig. 5 B).

The skull is small (GLS: 11.91–12.60 mm), lightly built and very flat ( Fig. 5 View Fig. 5 B). The rostrum is short. The sagittal crest is absent. The lambdoid crests are well developed. The dental formula is I2/3 C1/1, P1/2, M3/3 = 32. The first upper incisor (I2) is bicuspidate, with small cusps on cingulum. I3 is unicuspidate, about half the height and crown area of I2. The upper canine has a posterior supplementary cusp. A diastema between I3 and the upper canine is clearly visible. The protocones of M1 and M2 are welldeveloped. M2 appreciably exceeds M1 in width, and its width clearly exceeds its length. M3 is relatively smaller and without a metastyle. The three lower incisors are tricuspidate. The first (PM 2) and second (PM4) premolars are approximately equal in height and crown area ( Fig. 5 View Fig. 5 B).

Remarks

In northern Indochina, T. tonkinensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from T. fulvida and T. pygmaea by its significantly larger body and skull size ( Table 2 View Table 2 ; Figs 4–5 View Fig. 4 View Fig. 5 ; see Feng et al. 2008 for comparisons with T. pygmaea ), by K2P distances of at least 12% for Cytb and COI sequences and by K2P distances of at least 1.5% for the concatenation of the seven nuclear genes (5604 nt) ( Appendix 5). Within the T. robustula complex, T. tonkinensis sp. nov. is morphologically overlapping with T. robustula , found in Sumatra, and T. malayana (= Tr2 haplogroup), collected from the Southeast Asian mainland, but differs from the first taxon by K2P distances of at least 5.2% in COI sequences ( Appendix 5) and from the latter by K2P distances of at least 5.5%, 8.6% and 0.4% calculated from COI sequences (657 nt), Cytb sequences (1140 nt) and the concatenation of seven nuclear DNA sequences (5604 nt), respectively ( Appendix 5).

Ecology and habitat

Like other species of Tylonycteris , T. tonkinensis sp. nov. is associated with woody bamboo groves. The new species is usually found in sympatry with the smaller species T. fulvida ( Fig. 1 View Fig. 1 ). In northwestern Vietnam, bats of the new species were captured in mist-nests set near bamboo groves in forest edges adjacent to rural-residential areas at relatively high elevations, e.g., at 1010 m a.s.l in Hang Kia, Pa Co Nature Reserve (Hoa Binh Province) or at 1286 m a.s.l in its type locality. In Laos, the known localities are found at lower elevations, between 500 and 800 m a.s.l.

Distribution

Currently, the new species is known to occur in north-eastern Laos and northern Vietnam only ( Fig. 1 View Fig. 1 ).

Feng Q., Li S. & Wang Y. 2008. A new species of bamboo bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Tylonycteris) from Southwestern China. Zoological Science 25 (2): 225 - 234. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2108 / zsj. 25.225

Hendrichsen D. K., Bates P. J. J., Hayes B. D. & Walston J. L. 2001. Recent records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Vietnam with six species new to the country. Myotis 39: 35 - 122.

Kruskop S. V. 2013. Bats of Vietnam: Checklist and an Identification Manual. KMK Sci Press, Moscow.

Osgood W. H. 1932. Mammals of the Kelley-Roosevelts and Delacour Asiatic expedition. Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series 18: 193 - 339. Available from http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2798 [accessed 12 Dec. 2016].

Thomas N. M., Duckworth J. W., Douangboubpha B., Williams M. & Francis C. M. 2013. A checklist of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Lao PDR. Acta Chiropterologica 15 (1): 193 - 260. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3161 / 150811013 X 667993

Gallery Image

Fig. 1. A – B. Maps of Asia showing the distribution range (shaded) and type localities of described subspecies of T. pachypus (Temminck, 1840) and T. robustula Thomas, 1915 (Bates et al. 2008 a, 2008 b). C. Localities of Tylonycteris specimens included in this study. Triangles and circles refer to T. pachypus and T. robustula, respectively; the colours indicate the mtDNA haplogroups found in the Bayesian analyses of COI and Cytb sequences (see Fig. 2 for details).

Gallery Image

Fig. 4. Scatter plots obtained from morphological analyses of Tylonycteris spp. A. Range of GLS measurements of specimens within each group of Tylonycteris spp. B. Range of PC * 1 scores of specimens of Tylonycteris spp. obtained from PCA of log-transformed raw data of craniodental measurements. C. Plot of PC 1 against PC 2 obtained from PCA on log-transformed standardized data. Triangles and circles refer to T. pachypus s. lat. and T. robustula s. lat., respectively. Colour patterns indicate the mtDNA haplogroups: green for Tp 3 and Tr 3 (northern Indochina); blue for Tp 2 and Tr 2 (other regions of the Southeast Asian mainland); red for Tp 1 and Tr 1 (Sundaland).

Gallery Image

Fig. 5. Morphological characteristics of the two nominal species of the genus Tylonycteris Peters, 1872. A. T. pachypus (Temminck, 1840) (corrected taxon name is T. fulvida (Blyth, 1859 )), IEBR-VN 11 - 0 0 15. B. T. robustula Thomas, 1915 (corrected taxon name is T. tonkinensis Tu, Csorba, Ruedi & Hassanin sp. nov.), holotype, IEBR-VN 11 - 0055. Head profiles, ventral and dorsal views, fleshy pads at the base of the thumb and on the sole of the foot, and different views of the skull (dorsal, ventral and lateral). Scale = 10 mm.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Chordata

Class

Mammalia

Order

Chiroptera

Family

Vespertilionidae

SubFamily

Vespertilioninae

Genus

Tylonycteris