Fecenia cylindrata Thorell, 1895

Bayer, Steffen, 2011, Revision of the pseudo-orbweavers of the genus Fecenia Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Psechridae), with emphasis on their pre-epigyne, ZooKeys 153, pp. 1-56 : 21-26

Fecenia cylindrata Thorell, 1895 Figs 79-9497, 100105 –107116–117120– 123

Fecenia cylindrata Thorell, 1895: 64 (Description of juveniles), [2 syntypes: juvenile syntype (SB 281, neither penultimate nor antepenultimate instar, thus sex unknown) from MYANMAR: Bago Prov.: Delta near Tharrawaddy (ca. 100 km NW of Yangon); 1884-1887, ded. E.W. Oates; NRS Thorell-Coll.-No. 70a., examined; other juvenile syntype from MYANMAR: Tanintharyi Prov.: Dawei, "on an island in Tavoy river"; 1884-1887, ded. E.W. Oates; type deposition unknown, maybe lost, thus not examined]; Thorell 1897: 263 (Description of ♂ and ♀); Pocock 1900: 212 (Description of ♀); Kulczyński 1908: 570; Reimoser 1936: 406; Lehtinen 1967: 234, figs 472-473 (Illustration of carapace, illustration of ♂); Levi 1982: 136, figs 80-82 (Illustration of ♂ and ♀); Murphy 1986: 65; Yang and Wang 1993: 29, figs 1-4 (Illustration of ♂ and ♀); Song et al. 1999: 397, figs 231 O–Q (Illustration of ♂ and ♀); Wang and Yin 2001: 332, figs 1-4 (Illustration of ♂ and ♀).

Fecenia hainanensis Wang, 1990: 257, figs 1-3 (Description of ♀), [Holotype ♀ from CHINA: Hainan Province: Tongqian city, 18°30'N, 109°45'E; Liu leg. 01.VII.1984; HBI, not available on request, thus not examined, examined by Wang and Yin (2001)]; Wang and Yin 2001: 332 (Synonymy).

Additional material examined.

(10 ♂♂, 35 ♀♀, 5 s.a. ♂♂, 15 s.a. ♀♀, 1 p.s.a. ♀, 12 juvenile specimens). CHINA:Hainan Prov.: Mount Jainfeng; 20.IV.1990, ded. D.X. Song; 1 ♂ (SB 111), 1 ♀ (SB 110), Deeleman Coll. in RMNH. MYANMAR:Sagaing Prov.: Chattin Wildlife Sanctuary, Takontaing camp, 22°37'20"N, 95°31'52"E; J. Coddington & R.L.C. Baptista leg. 7-12.X.1998 by night; 2 ♀♀ (SB 182, 188), USNM. Bago Prov.: Palon; L. Fea leg. 1885-1889, "Viaggio in Birmania"; T. Thorell det. 20.X.1896; 2 ♂♂ (SB 289-290), 5 ♀♀ (SB 282-286), 1 s.a. ♀ (SB 287), 1 s.a. ♂ (SB 288), NRS Thorell-Coll.-No. 70b; 5 ♀♀ (SB 915-919), 3 s.a. ♀♀ (SB 910-912), 2 s.a. ♂♂ (SB 913-914), ZMH; 1 ♂ (SB 928), 4 ♀♀ (SB 929-932), 8 s.a. ♀♀ (SB 920-927), 2 s.a. ♂♂ (SB 933-934), 1 juv. (SB 935), ZMUC 5772. The following material has the same dates as above, but was checked via photos of copulatory organs kindly provided by P. Dankittipakul: 2 ♂♂ (SB 827-828), 5 ♀♀ (SB 822-826), MCSN. THAILAND:Chiang Mai Prov.: Doi Suthep N.P.; P. Dankittipakul leg.; 1 ♀ (SB 205), MHNG. Lamphun Prov.: Mae Tha Distr.: Doi Khuntan N.P., 800 m; P. Schwendinger leg. 22.IX.1994; 1 ♀ (SB 135), MHNG. Loei Prov.: Na-Haeo, field research station; J. Constant, K. Smets & P. Frootaart leg.15.-19.V.2003; 1 ♀ (SB 11), IRSN. Chaiyaphoom Prov.: Phu Kradung N.P., 1200-1300 m, flat plateau with mixed deciduous + pine + evergreen forest; P. Dankittipakul leg. 15.VIII.2006; 1 ♂ (SB 204), MHNG. LAOS:Luang Prabang Prov.: near Luang Prabang: Tham Sieng Mang, 19°54'09"N, 102°08'32"E, 270 m, sunny + dry area, low shrubs; P. Jäger & S. Bayer leg. 15.XI.2009; 1 ♀ (SB 485), SMF. Luang Prabang: Phou Si, 19°53'23"N, 102°08'04"E, 300 m, dr y secondary forest in town, in shrubs; P. Jäger & V. Vedel leg. 12.XI.2004; 3 juvs (SB 938-940); P. Jäger leg. 25.III.2007; 1 s.a. ♀ (SB 62), 1 p.s.a. ♀ (SB 937); P. Jäger & S. Bayer leg. 14.XI.2009; 1 ♂ (SB 488, deformed, died during adult moult), all SMF. SE of Luang Prabang: Nam Khan, Xieng Ngeun Distr., Ban Keng Koung, 19°40'963"N, 102°18'442"E, ca. 370 m, along river bank; P. Jäger leg. 24.II.2008; 1 juv. (SB 936), SMF. Champasak Prov.: Muang Bachieng: That Paxuam, 15°10'35"N, 105°55'21"E, 200 m, secondary forest; P. Jäger & S. Bayer leg. 25.XI.2009; 1 ♀ (SB 318), 2 juvs (SB 40-401), SMF. Ban Lak 38, That Fane, 15°11'03"N, 106°07'37"E, 950 m, coffee plantation; P. Jäger leg. 11.-16.III.2010; 1 ♀ (SB 528), 1 s.a. ♀ (SB 535), 3 juvs (SB 527, 532-533), SMF. Near Pakse: Ban Ke, 15°07'57"N, 105°48'54"E, 100 m, dry shrubs; P. Jäger & S. Bayer leg. 27.XI.2009, by night; 1 juv. (SB 351), SMF. Muang Pathoumphone: Vat Phou Salao, 15°05'39"N, 105°48'35"E, 150 m, dry bed of stream, dry shrubs; P. Jäger & S. Bayer leg. 24.XI.2009, by night; 3 ♀♀ (SB 48-487, 514), 3 juvs (SB 349, 398, 526), SMF. Ban Nog Hoy, N slope of Phou Malong, 15°03'14"N, 105°49'07"E, 115 m, dry bed of stream, dry shrubs; P. Jäger leg. 23.XI.2009; 2 ♂♂ (SB 50-510), 1 ♀ (SB 511), 1 s.a. ♀ (SB 420), 2 juvs (SB 39-397), SMF. Ban Tha Hou, 14°46'10"N, 105°59'35"E, 130 m, dry forest, near summit of a prominent hill; P. Jäger & S. Bayer leg. 22.XI.2009; 2 ♀♀ (SB 513, 525), SMF.

Diagnosis.

Females distinguished from other Fecenia species except Fecenia protensa and Fecenia travancoria by having anteriorly converging anterior margins of lateral lobes (AML) partly surrounding epigynal pit; distinguished from Fecenia protensa and Fecenia travancoria by the even and unfolded anterior part of median septum (AS) and by transverse edge of median septum (TR) lacking distinct notch (Figs 79, 105). In vulva transparent section of internal duct system (TSI) larger than strongly sclerotised section (SSI) (Figs 83, 92, 106). Males distinguished from other Fecenia species except Fecenia protensa by having short (at most half as long as width of palpal tibia) RTA; distinguished from Fecenia protensa in having RTA, which is longer than broad, and ventral patellar apophysis (VPA) arising centrally on patella (Fig. 88). Median apophysis (MA) running almost in transversal plane (Figs 87-88, 100). Embolus (E) with pointed basal apophysis (bEA) (Fig. 89).

D

escription.

MALE:Body and eye measurements. Carapace length 3.6-4.4, carapace width 2.2-2.8, anterior width of carapace 1.6-1.9, opisthosoma length 4.8-6.5, opisthosoma width 1.9-2.5. Eyes: AME 0.23-0.29, ALE 0.17-0.22, PME 0.17-0.22, PLE 0.18-0.21, AME–AME 0.16-0.23, AME–ALE 0.09-0.14, PME–PME 0.17-0.25, PME–PLE 0.28-0.35, AME–PME 0.12-0.16, ALE–PLE 0.10-0.15, clypeus height at AME 0.30-0.41, at ALE 0.24-0.35. Measurements of palp and legs. Palp 4.0-5.0 [1.6-2.0, 0.6-0.7, 0.4-0.5, 1.4-1.8], I 35.1-48.3 [9.5-12.9, 1.5-2.1, 9.3-13.6, 10.5-14.9, 4.3-4.8], II 16.6-22.0 [4.3-5.9, 1.3-1.6, 4.6-6.4, 4.3-5.6, 2.1-2.5], III 8.7-11.8 [2.5-3.4, 1.0-1.2, 2.0-2.9, 2.1-2.8, 1.1-1.5], IV 15.0-20.2 [4.2-5.4, 1.2-1.6, 3.8-5.6, 4.0-5.4, 1.8-2.2]. Leg formula: 1243. Copulatory organ: Retrolateral patellar apophysis (RPA) mostly more clearly visible (Fig. 89) than in Fecenia protensa and Fecenia ochracea . Tip of MA in ca. 2:30-3:00-o'clock-position, MA shorter than width of tegulum (T) (Figs 89-90, 97) and in pro- and retrolateral view curved distally (Figs 87-88, 100). E very slim, especially distally, arising in ca. 7:30-o'clock-position on T and clearly longer than width of T (Figs 89-90, 97). The latter almost round. Membra nous process of tegulum (MP) reaches at most to 8:30-o'clock-position (Figs 89-90, 97). Conductor (C) longer than in Fecenia ochracea and Fecenia protensa , shorter than in Fecenia macilenta , arises medially (or slightly shifted retrolaterally) in upper third of T (Figs 89-90). Cymbium in relation a bit longer than in all other Fecenia species (Figs 87-88, 97, 100). Scopula dorsally on cymbium slightly less developed than in other Fecenia species.

FEMALE: Body and eye measurements. Carapace length 3.7-7.2, carapace width 2.2-4.2, anterior width of carapace 1.7-3.2, opisthosoma length 7.3-13.0, opisthosoma width 3.5-6.0. Eyes: AME 0.20-0.27, ALE 0.15-0.24, PME 0.16-0.22, PLE 0.16-0.22, AME–AME 0.18-0.34, AME–ALE 0.07-0.18, PME–PME 0.20-0.29, PME–PLE 0.33-0.54, AME–PME 0.14-0.27, ALE–PLE 0.12-0.27, clypeus height at AME 0.27-0.54, at ALE 0.25-0.48. Measurements of palp and legs. Palp 3.8-6.5 [1.3-2.3, 0.6-1.1, 0.7-1.1, 1.2-2.0], I 22.7-39.3 [6.0-10.8, 1.6-2.9, 6.3-10.8, 6.1-10.7, 2.7-4.1], II 13.1-23.7 [3.3-6.4, 0.9-2.3, 3.7-6.8, 3.1-5.7, 1.6-2.5], III 7.5-14.1 [2.2-4.1, 0.9-1.9, 1.8-3.4, 1.6-3.1, 1.0-1.6], IV 12.3-21.4 [3.3-5.9, 1.2-2.3, 3.5-6.2, 2.9-4.9, 1.4-2.1]. Leg formula: 1243. Palpal claw with 8-11 teeth. Spination (remaining immature syntype from Tharrawaddy in poor condition! Spination of female SB 285 from Palon, Birma (Myanmar) listed instead). Palp: 110, 000, 0100, 2004 (spines on tibia and tarsus with only half the size as those of femur!); legs: femur I 300(200), II 210, III 221(111), IV 010; patella I–IV 000; tibia I 0006(1005), II 2004(3005), III–IV 0024; metatarsus I 2015(2016), II–III 2015, IV 1018. Copulatory organ: Anterior part of AS divided from posterior part of AS by a differently developed folding (asterisk in Fig. 91). AS broader than PS (Fig. 79). Epigynal muscle sigilla (EM) clearly outside epigynal field (Figs 79, 91). Slit sense organs (SO) outside epigynal field. Vulva with large and broad TSI (Fig. 83), mostly larger than SSI. The latter with longer duct than in Fecenia protensa , Fecenia travancoria and Fecenia ochracea , with 3-4 curves (Fig. 84). Border line (BL) between TSI and SSI of vulva in ca. 7:00-8:00 o' clock position (Figs 83, 92, 106). Primordial copulatory organs: Pre-epigyne: TR continuous (Fig. 81, 107), slightly recurved. AML anteriorly bent sharply, running medially and (almost) meeting each other (Figs 81, 94, 107). Epigynal field not or only poorly developed, EM far outside epigynal field. Pre-pre-epigyne: AML similar to pre-epigyne, TR hardly recognisable (Fig. 82). Pre-vulva: Pre-receptacula with lateral extension (Figs 85, 93). Distance between centres of pre-receptacula more than three times the diameter of one pre-receptaculum (Figs 85, 93). Variation of copulatory organs: In males position of VPA may shift retrolaterally (Fig. 90). Direction of MA (Figs 89, 90, 97) may vary. Anterio-medial section of C differs among specimens examined (Figs 89, 90, 97). RTA in some specimens basally broader (Fig. 90). In females the folding which divides (or partly divides) the anterior from the posterior part of AS differently developed (Figs 79, 91). TR rarely with a very small, flat and indistinct notch (Fig. 91). AS and PS in some specimens less broad than in others. Number of SO among specimens varying without geographical dependence. Anterio-lateral section of SSI may differ in shape (Figs 83, 92). Pre-epigynes differing in length and direction of AML (Figs 81, 94), further in shape of TR (Figs 81, 94). The most frequent pre-epigyne type is the one of SB 911 (Fig. 81). Number of SO varying strongly. SB 535 from Champasak Province, Laos (Fig. 80) is an exception, which is discussed explicitly (see discussion below).

The pre-vulvae differ only slightly (Figs 85, 93). SB 535 (Fig. 86) is an exception, which is discussed explicitly (see discussion below).

Remarks.

Thorell (1895) described this species based on juvenile types. Two years later Thorell himself redescribed this species based on ♂♂ and ♀♀ recorded just ca. 70 km away from type locality Tharrawaddy ( Thorell 1897). This material is deposited in NRS, ZMH and MCSN and was examined (see material list above). Moreover, to date no other Fecenia species than the one described above had been found in Myanmar. For that reason there are no doubts about the identiy of Fecenia cylindrata .

Fecenia hainanensis Wang, 1990 was synonymised with Fecenia cylindrata by Wang and Yin (2001). The female holotype from Tonqian, Hainan Province, China was not available on request. According to the illustrations in Wang (1990), which are not very detailed, it is more likely that his Fecenia hainanensis was in fact conspecific with Fecenia cylindrata . The specimens from Hainan checked in the present study are considered belonging to Fecenia cylindrata , though there are slight differences (see variation of copulatory organs in the description of Fecenia cylindrata ). More material from Hainan and also from regions of South East China and Northern Vietnam is necessary to assess the consistency of those slight differences among the different specimens. At the moment Fecenia hainanensis is regarded as junior synonym of Fecenia cylindrata .

Distribution.

China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand.