Anadolua bergeri Şirin, Sevgili and Taylan, 2024

Şirin, Deniz, Taylan, Mehmet Sait, Sevgili, Hasan, Akyildiz, Dilan Hevra & Güngör, Oğuzhan, 2024, A revision of Anadolua (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae) based on morphological and bioacoustic characters: Newly confirmed data suggesting a new synonym and two new species, Zootaxa 5529 (2), pp. 201-244 : 228-231

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5529.2.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3117C020-E488-4791-A629-4357194BEDEC
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14022224
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A00ACE79-FFF8-817A-35FD-FF41FAC8FB10
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Anadolua bergeri Şirin, Sevgili and Taylan
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Anadolua bergeri Şirin, Sevgili and Taylan , sp. nov.

Anadolua burri View in CoL : Ünal 2018, p. 14 View Cited Treatment –15.

Distribution: The specimens belonging to the populations of the new species have been collected until now only from the borders of Konya and Antalya provinces ( Fig. 18A View FIGURE 18 ).

Holotype: Male (deposited in alcohol, NKUEM). Türkiye, Konya: SeydiŞehir, TaraŞçı , near Rezebeli pass, N 37.455172, E 31.851102, 1825 m N.N., 07.VIII.2022, 4 males (including holotype) and 3 females, leg.: D. Sirin, H. Sevgili & M.S. Taylan - Antalya, GoogleMaps GündoğmuŞ-Susambeli road , N 36.906202, E 32.076154, 1937 m, 06.VIII.2022, 1 male, leg.: D. Sirin, H. Sevgili & M.S. Taylan. GoogleMaps

Description. Head equal width with pronotum in both sexes. Fastigium mostly wider than scapus in both sexes. Maximum width of fastigium / Maximum width of scapus 0.95–1.40 in male, 1.12–1.13 in female. Dark color between the eyes but not in the form of a band. The dorsal pronotum has a weakly hourglass shape and is weakly flattened in the prozona but distinctly flattened in the metazona, and has a deep transverse depression behind the middle, and its posterior edge is narrowly rounded. Maximum distance between lateral carinae / minimum distance between lateral carinae 2.02–2.33 in male, 2.52–2.76 in female. The median carinae is absent, and the lateral carinae are prominent as round in the second part of the metazona. Hind femur long, its length 4.0–4.5 times of its maximum width in male, 4.0– 4.1 in female. Male tegmina macropterous, reaching the end of second abdominal tergite, the female tegmina is squamipterous with only the tip protruding. The speculum is in quadriform shape (generally trapezoidal), and lateral vein development is usually at the apical corner of the speculum. Costal vein very weak; subcostal vein reach to the apex, generally parallel to radial vein, and rarely, they may merge with a small vein near the apex. Medial vein sinuate at the apex and usually with a dichotomy at the ¾ from the base. The male stridulatory file bears fewer than 50 teeth and the space between the teeth is wider than the A. schwarzi and A. moli sp. nov. ( Table 3 View TABLE 3 , Fig. 19–20 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 ). Cercus with internal tooth in male. Male cercus long (2.2–2.4 mm), equal to half of anterior femur, with a strong tooth in the 1/2 parts ( Fig. 9J–K View FIGURE 9 ), last tergite with a deep excision which is narrowed in the first half and widened in the second ( Fig. 5J–K View FIGURE 5 ), Male subgenital plate with a rounded obtusangular excision ( Fig. 7J–K View FIGURE 7 ), female subgenital plate large, with a distinct wide angled excision, and a weak depression at the base of plate ( Fig. 8I View FIGURE 8 ). The basal arms of the titillator spineless, while the apical arms bear a small number of spines near the tip. The number of spines can differ not only between individuals but also between the two arms of an individual ( Fig. 11J–K View FIGURE 11 ). The ovipositor is shorter than 15 mm and weakly structured, straight or slightly curved upwards. Males and females mostly blackish brown, dark orange or dark yellowish dorsally, and brownish or yellowish ventrally in their general appearance. Male individuals generally have a pattern of brownish and/or blackish spots on their bodies on a grey background. Some individuals, especially females, with yellowish and/or dirty yellowish body colour may not have spot patterns. The tegmina from base to the apex is dark in colour up to nearly 1/2 part of it and the rest of it is yellowish or brownish ( Fig. 4J–K View FIGURE 4 ). The whole leg colour matches the general body colour and pattern.

Descriptive diagnosis. Anadolua bergeri sp. nov. is a member of the genus by the character combination as defined to characterize the genus. Among the specimens of this species, it shares similarities with other members of genus by its general morphological characters. The new species shows similarity to A. davisi with long cerci length, the cerci length of these two species being more than 2.2 mm and equal or longer than half of anterior femur ( Fig. 9J–K View FIGURE 9 , Appendix 1A). Also, the shape of the last tergite, with a deep excision, is similar in these two species. These characters are important for the differentiation within the genus allowing separation of A. bergeri sp. nov. and A. davisi from all the other species. A. bergeri sp. nov. differs prominently from others by its distinctive morphological and bioacustical characters. Male cercus length is between 2.2 and 2.4 mm (longer than A. schwarzi and A. moli sp. nov. and shorter than A. davisi ). The length of hind femur generally shorter than A. schwarzi and A. moli sp. nov. ( Table 3 View TABLE 3 ), and ratio hind femur/cercus ranges between 7.0 and 8.2 (5.2 in A. davisi , 9.2–12.0 in A. schwarzi , and 12.5–14.4 in A. moli sp. nov.). While the phrase of A. bergeri sp. nov. male calling song consists of single-syllable series, the phrases of other three species consist of double or triple syllables group series. Also, other diagnostic characters, namely morphological and acoustical, are presented in the identification keys.

Coloration: The colour variation of individuals of the species is very similar to that of A. schwarzi . Two populations of this species are known, and it is seen that this species has dark yellow, grey, light brown and dark brown colour scale in general. (Appendix 7).

Description of song: A total number of 23 calling song recordings of four males have been examined. The male calling song consists of quite similar phrases in duration ( Fig. 18B View FIGURE 18 ). The calling songs are recorded from males at 28–30°C in room conditions (by D. Şirin and M.S. Taylan). The phrase structure is a distinct different song type in the genus Anadolua and contains continuous single-syllable series. Phrase duration varies from 0.48 to 0.86 s ((0.65 ± 0.11 s). Each phrase contains variable number (12–20) single syllables series. The phrase usually begins with a low amplitude syllable, and then continues and lasts with a similar amplitude syllable series. Each syllable shows a standard structure, formulated as a short and rather indistinct soft opening hemisyllable + loud closing hemisyllable ( Fig. 18C–D View FIGURE 18 ). Oscillographic analyses show that the period durations of the syllables vary between 28.8 and 45.2 ms (38.6 ± 3.43). The durations opening and closing hemisyllables vary between 6.9 and 17.6 ms (9.8 ± 1.21) and between 19.1 and 34.6 ms (29.1 ± 2.54), respectively. Each closing hemisyllable begins with a low amplitude, reaches the highest level at approximately the midpoint, and lasts by decreasing in amplitude after this point. The spectral analyses show that Delta and Peak frequency of the first low amplitude syllable group varies between 23.55 and 39.67 kHz (29.97 ± 4.66) for Delta and between 20.25 and 33.00 kHz (25.58 ± 3.88) for Peak. Delta and Peak frequencies of the Phrase syllable group (except first one) vary between 37.00 and 54.38 kHz (47.34 ± 5.52) for Delta and between 19.13 and 31.50 kHz (27.19 ± 3.53) ( Table 7 View TABLE 7 ) for Peak.

Measurements (mm). Holotype: Measurements (mm): Body length: 24.0, Pronotum: 6.58, Cercus: 2.44, Hind femur: 17.1 ( Table 3 View TABLE 3 ).

Etymology. The new species is named after Dr. Dirk Berger, who has provided great support to the first two authors with different techniques of bioacoustics analysis. He has also made a major contribution to the study of Turkish Stenobothrus in his doctoral thesis.

Remarks. The populations previously diagnosed and published ( Ünal, 2018) as A. burri from Rezebeli (Konya) and GündoğmuŞ (Antalya) have been studied in the present study on a large scale.According to the findings obtained, based on morphology and the male calling songs, these populations exhibit distinct differences from Anadolua species. The identification of these populations as A. burri by Ünal (2018) is an expected situation, because the only key that exists is that of Karabağ (1952) and the characters in that key are not distinctive.

IUCN status proposal. This species has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List (2023-1). The distribution of the A. bergeri is restricted and its habitats are strongly under the threat of the anthropogenic effects such as camping areas, picnic areas, hiking routes, and overgrazing. The species should be considered as a Critically Endangered (B1ab (iii+v)) status based on the extent of occurrence criteria of IUCN (https://www.iucnredlist.org/).