Dialeurodini

Manzari, Shahab & Quicke, Donald L. J., 2006, A cladistic analysis of whiteflies, subfamily Aleyrodinae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae), Journal of Natural History 40 (44 - 46), pp. 2423-2554 : 2453-2454

Tribe Dialeurodini

Sampson (1943, 1947) placed 32 genera in the tribe Dialeurodini and 13 more genera were later added by Sampson and Drews in 1956 (Appendix A). Of these, Aleuroclava and

Aleurotuberculatus Takahashi are now treated under the former name ( Martin 1999), as well as Corbettella Sompson , Neobemisia Visnya and Roucasia Goux , which were synonymized with Pealius , Asterobemisia ( Mound and Halsey 1978) and Bemisia ( Danzig 1964) , respectively. Also, Nipaleyrodes and Stenaleyrodes have since been classified as members of the Aleurodicinae ( Mound and Halsey 1978) (see also ‘‘Discussion’’ for Stenaleyrodes ). For Aleuroporosus , Anomaleyrodes , Dialeurotrachelus , Neoaleurolobus , Metaleyrodes , Plataleyrodes , Pseudaleurolobus , Pseudaleyrodes , Trichoaleyrodes and Xenobemisia there were no specimens available for study. Although more than half of the 29 remaining genera were not found to be monophyletic, considering only their type-species, they never form a monophyletic clade, and the picture is not improved by excluding those genera that were later transferred to other tribes, viz. Acanthobemisia , Africaleurodes , Aleurolobus , Aleuroparadoxus , Aleuroplatus , Asterochiton , Bemisia , Parabemisia , Pealius , Setaleyrodes , and Trialeurodes ( Russell 1947; Takahashi 1954; David 1990; Regu and David 1993).

Takahashi (1954) placed only four genera from Japan in this tribe (Appendix A), of which Rhachisphora was recovered in a separate clade from the other three genera in all analyses ( Figures 13 and 14 ) but not as a monophyletic genus. All examined species of Taiwanaleyrodes and Aleuroclava (5 Aleurotuberculatus ) (see above), and also a few species of Dialeurodes including the type-species, D. citri (Ashmead) were in the same clade together with some other genera in both strict consensus trees ( Figures 13 , 14 and 17 ). Aleuroclava and Taiwanaleyrodes will be discussed in detail later.

David (1990) and David and Sundararaj (1993) classified 19 genera from India in the Dialeurodini (Appendix A), of which three genera have now been synonymized ( Martiniella Jesudasan & David and Aleurotuberculatus were synonymized with Aleuroclava by Martin (1999)). Also, the three subgenera of Dialeurodes , viz. Dialeuronomada , Gigaleurodes , and Rabdostigma of Quaintance & Baker, which were raised to the generic level by Indian authors ( David and Sundararaj 1993; Sundararaj and David 1994), were here treated under Dialeurodes (the four examined species of the latter genus, viz. D. cerifera Quaintance & Baker , D. cinnamomi Takahashi D. ixorae Singh and D. minahassai Martin are assignable to Gigaleurodes , Gigaleurodes , Dialeuronomada and Rabdostigma , respectively, but none of them is the type-species). Kanakarajiella (only the type-species examined), Minutaleyrodes , and Singhius gathered in the same clade with Aleuroclava , Dialeurodes , and Taiwanaleyrodes ( Figure 17 ). The type-species of Asialeyrodes and Cockerelliella were not studied but one of the two examined species of the former and all examined species of the latter genus as well as six of the eight examined species of Singhiella including the type-species, S. bicolor (Singh) , were also recovered in this clade, while Rusostigma was only found in this clade in the MPTs-SAW-MaxRI ( Figure 14 ). Furthermore, except D. cinnamomi , the other three species of Dialeurodes , all were found in this clade but only in the MPTs-SAW-MaxRI ( D. ixorae was also found in the UW-MPTs), i.e. recovering the representatives of all three subgenera. The four remaining genera, Dialeurolonga , Dialeuropora , Fippataleyrodes , and Rhachisphora also appeared in four different clades.

Figures

Figure 13. Strict consensus tree of 30 000 UW-MPTs resulting from analyses of morphological data. Figures above branches show bootstrap and Jacknife (underlined figures) values. Figures with an asterisk indicate the same value for both bootstrap and Jacknife.

Figure 14. Strict consensus tree of more than 10 000 MPTs-SAW-MaxRI.

Figure 17. One of the clades of the strict consensus tree of UW-MPTs. Figures above branches show bootstrap and Jacknife (underlined figures) values. Figures with an asterisk indicate the same value for both bootstrap and Jacknife. Black rectangles and the figure below indicate the Bremer support.