Siamspinops formosensis (Kayashima, 1943) Yu & Lo & Huang & Hsiao & Ding, 2019

Yu, Kuang-Ping, Lo, Ying-Yuan, Huang, Wen-Chun, Hsiao, Yun & Ding, Tzung-Su, 2019, Redescription of a wall crab spider species from Taiwan: Siamspinops formosensis (Kayashima, 1943) comb. nov., with the first description of males and taxonomic notes (Araneae: Selenopidae), Zootaxa 4543 (4), pp. 590-594 : 591-593

Siamspinops formosensis (Kayashima, 1943) comb. nov. ( Figs 1–19 )

Selenops formosensis Kayashima, 1943a: 65 .

Selenopus formosanus Kayashima. Kayashima 1943b: 11 , pl. 17, fig. 2 [sic] (incorrect subsequent spelling)

Selenops formosansis Kayashima. Kayashima, 1943b: 34 , pl. 17, fig. 2 [sic] (incorrect subsequent spelling)

Pakawops formosanus (Kayashima) . Crews and Harvey 2011: 96 , fig. 115 [sic] (incorrect subsequent spelling)

Material examined: TAIWAN: Taipei City: male, Taiwan, Taipei, Shilin , Zhishanyan Park (25°6'12.44"N, 121°31'48.59"E), 17 October 2016, Han-Po Chang (HPC) leg. (TESRI-Ar2300); female, Fuzhoushan Park, 8 December 2009, Shyh-Hwang Chen (SHC) leg. (NTNUB-Ar45977); female, Fuzhoushan Park, 8 December 2009, SHC leg. (NTNUB-Ar45977); male, Fuyang Eco Park (25°0'57.25"N, 121°33'26.13"E), 4 November 2015, Kuang-Ping Yu (KPY) leg. (TESRI-Ar1903); female, Fuyang Eco Park (25°0'57.58"N, 121°33'25.47"E), 4 March 2016, KPY leg. (TESRI- Ar1902); female, Zhishanyan Park (25°6'12.05"N, 121°31'49.4"E), 25 January 2017, HPC leg. (TESRI-Ar2741); male, Tianliao (25°5'49.97"N, 121°35'27.48"E), 15 October 2016, HPC leg. (TESRI-Ar2301); male, Zhishanyan Park (25°6'11.94"N, 121°31'50.14"E), 25 January 2017, HPC leg. (TESRI-Ar2740). Taichung City: two females, Chung Cheng Camp Zone (24°10'24.15"N, 120°47'24.15"E), 20 February 2018, KPY leg. (TESRI-Ar 2742–43) . Chiayi City: female, Lantan trail (23°28'45.72"N, 120°29'22.84"E), 17 March 2018, Ying-Yuan Lo (YYL) leg. (TESRI-Ar2744) . Pingtung County: male, Shuangliu Forest Recreation Area (22°13'3.53"N, 120°47'42.42"E), 22 April 2018, Yu-Ta Lai leg. (TESRI-Ar2781) . Hualien County: female Hutou Mt, 22 January 2011, Wen-Chun Huang (WCH) leg. (NTNUB- Ar20981); female, Hutou Mt., 19 February 2011, WCH leg. (NTNUB-Ar63058); female, Loshan village , 17 December 2010, WCH leg. (NTNUB-Ar60949); female, Loshan village , 1 April 2011, WCH leg. (NTNUB-Ar63638) . Taitung County: female, Tianlong Trail (23°10'27.68"N, 121°2'33.08"E), 16 November 2014, WCH leg. (TESRI-Ar1901); female, Tianlong trail, 27 November 2010, WCH leg. (NTNUB-Ar60825); 2 females, Tianlong Trail, 8 March 2011, WCH leg. (NTNUB-Ar44964; NTNUB-Ar44965) .

Diagnosis. Females of Siamspinops formosensis are most similar to S. aculeatus ( Simon, 1901) in the appearance of the epigyne, but can be distinguished from the latter by the less coiled copulatory ducts (9–12 turns whereas there are 15 turns in S. aculeatus ); the posterodorsal fold of vulva are slightly more complex than in the latter ( Figs 4–5 , 12–13 ). Males of S. formosensis differ from all other Siamspinops species in the shorter palpal tibia, blunter median apophysis, longer and thinner conductor, straighter and blunter tibial apophysis ( Figs 9–10 , 15 ).

Redescription. Female ( Taiwan, Taipei; TESRI-Ar2471): Total length 5.1; cephalothorax length 2.2, width 2.5; abdomen length 2.9, width 2.3. Length of palps and legs: palp 2.5 (0.8, 0.4, 0.5, 0.8); leg I 8.8 (2.8, 0.7, 2.7, 1.9, 0.8); leg II 10.5 (3.6, 1.0, 3.0, 2.2, 0.7); leg III 10.4 (3.8, 1.0, 2.7, 1.9, 0.9); leg IV 9.4 (3.5, 0.8, 2.6, 1.7, 0.8). Leg formula 2341. Dorsal shield of prosoma brown, nearly round, dorsoventrally flattened, and covered by yellowish-brown short setae, with blackish-brown cloud-shaped markings on post caput, thoracic groove and radial furrow area. Eight eyes ringed with black. Eyes arranged in two rows, AER straight to weakly recurved, PER strongly recurved. MOA brown and covered by yellowish-brown setae. Diameters of AME 0.15, ALE 0.20, PME 0.07, PLE 0.28; MOA length 0.09, anterior width of MOA 0.47, posterior width of MOA 1.00; interval of AMEs 0.16, interval of PMEs 1.22, interval of ALEs 0.07, interval of PLEs 0.11. Clypeus 0.09. Clypeus dark brown with strong setae at the margin. Chelicera chestnut brown with 3 promarginal teeth and 2 retromarginal teeth ( Fig 3 ). Endites and labium chestnut brown. Labium about twice as long as wide. Sternum brown, nearly round and posteriorly indented. Legs and palps light brown with dark blackish-green markings irregularly spaced on each leg segment. All legs with 3 long spines dorsally on femur, and femur I with 2 additional spines prolaterally. Tibia and metatarsus of legs I and II with strong, paired spines ventrally. Spination: Leg I tibia ventral 2.2.2.2.2.1; metatarsus ventral 2.2.2.2.2 ( Fig 2 ). Opisthosoma long oval. Dorsum brown, covered by yellowish-brown short setae and with irregular dark brown markings centrally and laterally but a triangle shaped area without any marking on the 1/4 from the end ( Figs 1 , 11 ). Venter brown, covered by thin brown setae, with blackish-brown margin extending to spinnerets. Epigyne dark brown, weakly sclerotized and incompletely divided into two lobes. Copulatory openings located centrally, arch-shaped. Spermathecae small and difficult to distinguish from copulatory ducts, which are kidney-shaped with 9 coils, and slightly thickened in the beginning. Posterodorsal epigynal fold divided medially ( Figs 4–5 , 12–13 ).

Male ( Taiwan, Taipei; TESRI-Ar2300): Total length 5.5; cephalothorax length 2.7, width 3.0; abdomen length 2.8, width 2.1. Length of palps and legs: palp 2.7 (0.8, 0.3, 0.7, 0.9); leg I 13.2 (4.1, 1.4, 3.6, 2.8, 1.3); leg II 17.8 (5.7, 1.6, 5.1, 3.9, 1.5); leg III 16.4 (5.6, 1.3, 4.7, 3.5, 1.3); leg IV 13.5 (4.7, 1.1, 3.6, 2.9, 1.2). Leg formula 2314. Diameters of AME 0.18, ALE 0.22, PME 0.11, PLE 0.27; MOA length 0.20, anterior width of MOA 0.49, posterior width of MOA 1.29, interval of AMEs 0.13; interval of PMEs 1.07, interval of ALEs 0.04, interval of PLEs 0.13. Clypeus 0.07. All legs also with 3 long spines dorsally on femur, and femur I with 2 additional spines prolaterally. Spination: Leg I tibia ventral 2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1; metatarsus ventral 2.2.2.2.1 ( Fig 7 ). Male is similar to female, but the prosoma is wider and darker than in female ( Figs 6 , 14 ). Length of chelicera is about 1/2 length of the cephalothorax and significantly longer than in female. Chelicera with 3 promarginal teeth and 2 retromarginal teeth ( Fig 8 ). Palpal cymbium nearly round, with T-shaped conductor. Tibia with two sclerotized retrolateral apophyses. The ventral retrolateral apophysis spoon-shaped; the dorsal retrolateral apophysis is two times the size of the ventral branch, with weak bend at 1/5 distance from the tip ( Figs 9–10 , 15 ).

Variation. The following variation was observed in females (male variation in parentheses). Total length 6.8 ± 0.7 (6.2 ± 0.6): cephalothorax length 2.5 ± 0.2 (2.9 ± 0.3), width 3.0 ± 0.3 (3.4 ± 0.4); abdomen length 4.3 ± 0.6 (3.3 ± 0.4), width 3.1 ± 0.7 (2.6 ± 0.4). palp 2.3 ± 0.3 (2.6 ± 0.4); leg I 8.2 ± 0.8 (12.7 ± 1.4); leg II 9.5 ± 1.0 (16.9 ± 2.2); leg III 9. 7 ± 1.12 (15.3 ± 1.8); leg IV 8.4 ± 0.9 (12.6 ± 1.4). The differences may change the leg formulae: 3241, 3214, 2314 (2341) were all observed. Diameters of AME 0.15 ± 0.03 (0.20 ± 0.02), ALE 0.19 ± 0.04 (0.25 ± 0.04), PME 0.05 ± 0.01 (0.09 ± 0.04), PLE 0.24 ± 0.04 (0.31 ± 0.06); clypeus 0.07 ± 0.03 (0.06 ± 0.01). Specimens have 11–14 (14–16) tibial and 10 (9–10) metatarsal ventral spines on leg I and II, respectively.

Remarks. Kayashima (1943b) and Crews and Harvey (2011) used different subsequent spellings but these do not fulfill the criteria for a mandatory change or an emendation. Thus, these different subsequent spellings are not available names and cannot enter into homonymy or be used as substitute names ( ICZN 1999, Article 33.3).

The characters of the specimens collected from various areas of Taiwan are consistent with the original description by Kayashima (1943a), and they can be undoubtedly identified as S. formosensis .

Distribution. Taiwan (low altitude primary and secondary forests).

Figures

FIGURES 1–10. Siamspinops formosensis from Taipei, Taiwan. 1–5 female, TESRI-Ar1902 (1 dorsal view of cephalothorax and abdomen, 2 retrolateral view of left leg I, 3 ventral view of left chelicera, 4 ventral view of epigyne, 5 dorsal view of vulva); 6–10, male, TESRI-Ar1903 (6 dorsal view of cephalothorax and abdomen, 7 retrolateral view of left leg II, 8 ventral view of left chelicera, 9 ventral view of left palp, 10 retrolateral view of left palp). Scales: 1mm. CD: copulatory duct; Co: conductor; Cop: copulatory opening; Cym: cymbium; dRTA: dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; Eb: embolus; EP: epigynal pockets; M: median apophysis; PF: posterodorsal epigynal fold; SP: spermatheca; vRTA: ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis.

FIGURES 11–19. Siamspinops formosensis from Taipei, Taiwan. 11–13, female, TESRI-Ar1902 (11 dorsal view, 12 ventral view of epigyne, 13 dorsal view of vulva); 14–15 male, TESRI-Ar1903 (14 dorsal view, 15 ventral view of left palp); 16 male on concrete surface; 17 female with egg sac on a handrail; 18 juvenile on tree bark hiding in a small tent web; 19 habitat, secondary forest of Fuzhoushan Park, Taipei city. Scales: 1mm. CD: copulatory duct; Co: conductor; Cop: copulatory opening; Cym: cymbium; dRTA: dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; Eb: embolus; EP: epigynal pockets; M: median apophysis; PF: posterodorsal epigynal fold; SP: spermatheca; vRTA: ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis.