Incisus fasciatus ( Hayward, 1933 )

Lemes, José Ricardo Assmann, Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins & Warren, Andrew David, 2024, Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical skipper genus Incisus Grishin, 2019 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Pyrginae), with the description of a new species, Zootaxa 5437 (1), pp. 64-86 : 71-74

Incisus fasciatus ( Hayward, 1933)

( Figs 1 , 2D–F, M , 3E–H , 4E–H , 5B , 6 )

Staphylus fasciatus Hayward, 1933 . Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 5: 246, pls. 26, fig. 10 (d), [22, fig. 4 (male gen.)]; holotype male, N República Argentina; MACN.—Hayward, 1934. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 6: 218.— Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 96, pl. 38 (male gen.); syn.: angulata .— Hayward, 1973. Op. Lill. 23: 45; syn.: angulata .—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 8, 42; 2, p. 34; syn.: angulata .—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 12, 67; 2, p. 57; syn.: angulata .—Bridges, 1994. Cat. Fam.-Group, Gen.-Group, Sp. Group Nam. Hesp. (Lep.) World 8, p. 80; 9, p. 64.— Canals, 2003. Marip. Misiones, p. 457.—O. Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 55, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea—Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.: angulata .—O. Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 1, p. 8; 3, p. 725; syn.: fasciata , angulata , angulatus .—Palo Jr., 2017. Borb. Brasi l 3, p. 1906, fig. (d); p. 2306.—Klimaitis et al., 2018. Marip. Argentinas, p. 232, figs. (male d, v, map).

Staphylus fasciata [sic]; Hayward, 1933. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 5: [246, pls. 26, fig. 10 (d)], 22, fig. 4 (male gen.).

Staphylus ordinarius Hayward, 1933 . Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 5: 247; no data, [Tucumán], Argentina.—Hayward, 1934. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 6: 210, pl. 19, fig. 6 (male gen.).—Hayward, 1934. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 6: 218.— Hayward, 1973. Op. Lill. 23: 45.—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 86; 2, p. 34.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 137; 2, p. 57.—Bridges, 1994. Cat. Fam.-Group, Gen.-Group, Sp. Group Nam. Hesp. (Lep.) World 8, p. 164; 9, p. 64.

Pholisora fasciatus ; Shepard, 1936. Lep. Cat. 74, p. 633.— Hayward, 1941. Rev. Mus. La Plata, n. s., Zool. 2: 274; syn.: fasciata .

Pholisora ordinarius ; Shepard, 1936. Lep. Cat. 74, p. 633.—Hayward, 1937. Rev. chil. Hist. nat. 40: 276.— Hayward, 1941. Rev. Mus. La Plata, n. s., Zool. 2: 274.

Pholisora fasciata [sic]; Hayward, 1937. Rev. chil. Hist. nat. 40: 276.— Hayward, 1948. Gen. Sp. Anim. Arg. 1, p. 300, 304.

Pholisora ordinaria [sic]; Hayward, 1948. Gen. Sp. Anim. Arg. 1, p. 300, 318, pl. 11, fig. 15 (male gen.); syn.: ordinarius .

(no genus) fasciatus ; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 144.

(no genus) ordinarius ; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 220.

Incisus fasciatus ; Cong et al., 2019. Insecta Mundi 731: 11.

Taxonomic history. Hayward (1933) described Staphylus fasciatus and Staphylus ordinarius , both of which were subsequently placed by some authors in the genus Pholisora . Evans (1953) synonymized Pholisora angulata Bell, 1937 with Staphylus fasciatus , and Staphylus ordinarius Hayward, 1933 with Staphylus incisus , decisions followed by most of the other authors that mentioned these species in taxonomic comments, faunistic studies and catalogs. Cong et al. (2019) transferred fasciatus to the genus Incisus and revalidated the species status as Incisus angulata , previously under the synonymy of Staphylus fasciatus .

Types. Staphylus fasciatus Hayward, 1933 was described from the holotype male ( Fig. 2D–F ) from Argentina being deposited in the MACN and carries the following labels: / 48049/ Tipus / Norte Argentino C. Berg leg/ STAPHYLUS fasciata nov. Holotipo ♂ K. J. Hayward det./ MACN_ En 32295/.

Staphylus ordinarius Hayward, 1933 was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from Argentina [Tucumán ( Hayward, 1948)]. As no syntype was found in the MLP and MACN, a male specimen from Aguas Blancas, Salta Argentina, deposited in the DZUP, is herein designated as the neotype ( Fig. 3E–F ), aiming to establish the correct identity of the species and in accordance with article 75.3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ( ICZN 1999). The neotype specimen carries the following labels: / 22-IV-1977 Água Blanca [Aguas Blancas], Salta, Arg[entina]. 450 m. Eisele leg./ DZ 46.164/.

Diagnosis. Males of I. fasciatus are most similar to I. mineirus sp. nov. due to the presence of three hyaline spots in the apical area of the FW and similar wing length ( Fig. 3E–F, O–P ). The differentiation between the two species is facilitated by the distinctive appearance of the valva in the male genitalia. While in I. fasciatus the upper distal margin of ampulla is rounded ( Fig. 4E–F ), in I. mineirus sp. nov. the upper distal surface of ampulla shows a concavity ( Fig. 4M–N ). The lamella postvaginalis is ovoid with two lateral processes on the upper margin resembling dog ears ( Fig. 5B ).

Description. Male ( Fig. 3E–F )— FW length: 12 mm to 14 mm. DFW: Brown with two lighter transverse bands, one in the middle of the wing and other in the postdiscal area. DFW: Presence of one hyaline spot in the distal part of cell, and three hyaline spots in apical area. HW length: 8 mm to 10 mm. VHW: Presence of golden scales most abundant in inner margin. Genitalia ( Fig. 4E–H ): Proximal region of uncus broad and convex, distal region tubular, thinner. Valva somewhat oval; sacculus about three times longer than wide; harpe ovoid; ampulla about three times longer than wide, with a small, semi-ovoid process with micotrichia at its distal portion, between ampulla and harpe. Aedeagus with a spined cornutus. Female ( Fig. 3G–H ) — Differ from the males as follows: FW length: 12 mm. HW length: 9 mm to 10 mm. DFW: Brown with two lighter transverse bands more evident than in male, one in the middle of the wing, and the other in the postdiscal area. Presence of three white spots in the apical area larger than in male. White spots can be present or absent between M 1 -M 2, M 2 -M 3, M 3 -CuA 1 and CuA 1 -CuA 2. Genitalia ( Fig. 5B ): Lamella antivaginalis longer than wide in ventral view, with a laterally-pointed horn expansion. Lamella postvaginalis ovoid with two lateral processes on the upper margin resembling dog ears. Distal third of ductus bursae not enlarged, with a small signum in the bursa copulatrix.

Distribution ( Fig. 6 ). Bolivia: Cochabamba. Brazil: Paraná. Argentina: Jujuy, Salta and Misiones ( Hayward, 1948).

Temporal distribution. Incisus fasciatus has been collected in the following months: February–April, September–October and December.

Hostplants. No records.

Etymology. According to Hayward (1948), both fasciatus and ordinarius are Latin masculine adjectives, the first one meaning bandaged or with sashes, and the second one ordinary, common.

Remarks. Staphylus ordinarius Hayward, 1933 syn. nov. is herein synonymized with Incisus fasciatus . The description of Staphylus ordinarius provided by Hayward (1933) is very terse, mentioning that the species is separated from Staphylus dentivittata Hayward, 1933 only by the genitalia and that it occurs in Argentina. Hayward (1934) complements the description with a very rudimentary figure of the male genitalia ( Fig. 2M ). Later, Hayward (1948) provides a more detailed description, repeats the drawing of the male genitalia, and adds that the species occurs in Tucumán ( Argentina). The illustration of the male genitalia of Staphylus ordinarius is probably not very accurate. It is likely that the rounded opening present on the valva represents the region less sclerotized on the valva of I. fasciatus . No syntypes of Staphylus ordinarius were found in the MLP and MACN by O. Mielke where these specimens could be. Also, there is no other similar species that occurs in Tucumán other than Incisus fasciatus . Therefore, aiming at a correct identification of the species, a neotype is herein designated (see “Types” section).

Examined material. BOLIVIA: no data, 1♂, DZ 45.182 ( DZUP); Cochabamba — Chapare, Cristal Mayu , X.1976, 2♂, DZ 45.185, DZ 45.186 ( DZUP) ; BRAZIL: Paraná — Alto Paraíso, Fazenda Lupus, 23º25’19’’S, 53º49’49’’W, 3.X.2012, 1♂, LABLEP leg., DZ 46.512 ( DZUP); Parque Nacional Ilha Grande , 28º23’57’’S, 53º49’06’’W, 4.X.2012, 3♂, LABLEP leg., DZ 46.510, DZ 46.511, DZ 46.733 ( DZUP); Guaíra , 8.X.1982, 1♂, Mielke leg., DZ 44.840* ( DZUP); Parque Nacional de Sete Quedas , 14–16.II.1978, 1♂, Mielke & Miers leg., DZ 44.840* ( DZUP); Querência do Norte , RPPN Fazenda da Matta , 22º58’60’’S, 53º31’59’’W, 5.X.2012, 1♂, LABLEP leg., DZ 24.896* ( DZUP) . ARGENTINA: Jujuy — Santa Bárbara, Las Lancitas, 7.II.2004, 1♂, no Collector, DZ 46.166* ( DZUP); Caimancito, A [rroy]o Zanjón Seco , 0–2 Km W of Rt 34, 400–450 m, 10.IX.1993, 1♂ R. Eisele leg., ex R. Eisele Collection., MGCL Accession #2008-2 ( MGCL); 18.IX.1993, 1♂ R. Eisele leg., ex R. Eisele Collection., MGCL Accession #2008-2 ( MGCL); 10.IV.1994, 1♂ R. Eisele leg., ex R. Eisele Collection., MGCL Accession #2008-2 ( MGCL); Calilegua, Rt 83, 5–7.5 km W of Rt 34, 550– 600 m, 14.II.1991, 2♂, R. Eisele leg., MGCL Accession #2010-2. Robert Eisele ( MGCL); 16.II.1991, 1♂, R. Eisele leg., MGCL Accession #2010- 2. Robert Eisele ( MGCL); 19.II.1991, 1♀, R. Eisele leg., MGCL Accession #2011-4 ( MGCL); 4.IV.1991, 1♂, R. Eisele leg., ex R. Eisele Collection, MGCL Accession #2010-2 ( MGCL); 28.XII.1991, 1♂, 1♀, R. Eisele leg., ex R. Eisele Collection, MGCL Accession #2008-2, MGCL Accession #2011-4 ( MGCL); 01.I.1992, 1♂, R. Eisele leg., MGCL Accession #2011-4. Robert Eisele ( MGCL); Salta — Aguas Blancas , 22.IV.1977, 1♂, Eisele leg., DZ 46.164 ( DZUP); La Quesera , 26.II.1979, 2♂, R. Eisele leg., Allyn Museum Acc. 1981-3, Genit. Prep. SRS-1497*, Genit. Prep. SRS-1498* ( MGCL); El Garabatal , 1100 m, 26.II.1979, 1♂, Eisele leg., DZ 46.165* ( DZUP); Orán, Aguas Blancas to Angosto, Rt 19, Km 30–31 Abra del Pescado , 550–600 m, 22.VIII.1974, 1♂, R. Eisele leg., MGCL Accession #2011-4. Robert Eisele ( MGCL); Abra Grande , 1.III.1967, 6♂, R. Golbach leg., DZ 830*, DZ 46.159, DZ 46.160, DZ 46.161, DZ 46.162, DZ 46.163 (DZUP).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Relationships of species of Incisus Grishin, 2019 and other species of Carcharodini based on COI sequences obtained by Maximum likelihood inferred with IQTREE. The blue rectangle represents the genus Incisus. The type species of different genera used in the analysis are bold highlighted. The new species is red highlighted. Support values were considered sufficient when SH-aLRT ≥ 80, aBayes ≥ 0.5 and UFBoot ≥ 95.

FIGURE 2. Types of Incisus. A–C. Male holotype of Pholisora angulata Bell, 1937 (AMNH): (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view, (C) labels. D–F. Male holotype of Staphylus fasciatus Hayward, 1933 (MLP): (D) dorsal view, (E) ventral view, (F) labels. G–I. Male lectotype herein designated of Antigonus incisus Mabille, 1878 and neotype herein designated of Nisoniades aterea Plötz, 1884 (NHMUK): (G) dorsal view, (H) ventral view, (I) labels. J–L. Female paralectotype herein designated of Antigonus incisus Mabille, 1878 (NHMUK): (J) dorsal view, (K) ventral view, (L) labels. M. Illustration of the male genitalia of Staphylus ordinarius Hayward, 1933 (Hayward, 1934). Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURE 3. Species of Incisus in dorsal and ventral views. A–D. I. angulata (Bell, 1937): (A–B) male (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Conceição dos Ouros, OM 83.262), (C–D) female (Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Resende, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, DZ 46.281). E–H. I. fasciatus (Hayward, 1933): (E–F) male [neotype of Staphylus ordinarius Hayward, 1933] (Argentina, Salta, Aguas Blancas, DZ 46.164), (G–H) female (Argentina, Jujuy, Calilegua, MGCL 1092134). I–N. Incisus incisus (Mabille, 1878): (I–J) male (Brazil, São Paulo, Campos do Jordão, DZ 46.504), (K–L) female (Brazil, Santa Catarina, São Bento do Sul, Rio Vermelho, DZ 46.454), (M–N) female (Brazil, Paraná, Foz do Iguaçu, Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, DZ 46.495). O–R. I. mineirus sp. nov.: (O–P) male holotype (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Corinto, DZ 46.940), (Q–R) female allotype (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Corinto, DZ 46.947). Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURE 4. Male genitalia of Incisus species in lateral, internal, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. A–D. Incisus angulata (Bell, 1937) (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Virgínia, Fazenda dos Campos, DZ 46.339). E–H. Incisus fasciatus (Hayward, 1933) (Brazil, Paraná, Guaíra, Parque Nacional de Sete Quedas, DZ 44.840). I–L. Incisus incisus (Mabille, 1878) (Brazil, Santa Catarina, Joinville, DZ 46.353). M–P. I. mineirus sp. nov. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, São Francisco, DZ 46.559). Scale bar = 500 µm.

FIGURE 5. Female genitalia of Incisus species, in ventral view. A. Incisus angulata (Bell, 1937) (Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, DZ 42.282). B. Incisus fasciatus (Hayward, 1933) (Argentina, Jujuy, Calilegua, RT. 83— 7.5km W of Rt 34, MGCL 1092134). C. Incisus incisus (Mabille, 1878) (Brazil, Paraná, Fênix, DZ 46.474). D. Incisus mineirus sp. nov. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Corinto, DZ 46.942). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Distribution of Incisus species. The divisions of Brazilian states are represented. Solid circles represent collections studied records and open circles represent literature records of Incisus incisus.