Xynotingis hoytona Drake, 1948

Souma, Jun & Ishikawa, Tadashi, 2022, Taxonomic review of the tingine genera Cysteochila, Hurdchila, Physatocheila, and Xynotingis from Japan, with description of a new genus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae), Zootaxa 5150 (1), pp. 1-42 : 32-34

Xynotingis hoytona Drake, 1948

( Fig. 16A–E , 19A, B )

Xynotingis hoytona Drake, 1948b: 8 . Holotype: macropterous ♀, Japan [= Japan: Honshu , Kyoto-fu]; USNM.

Xynotingis hoytona: Takeya (1951: 19) (checklist: eastern Asia); Drake & Maa (1953: 95) (redescription); Takeya (1953a: 173) (distribution); Miyatake (1958: 15) (distribution); Drake & Ruhoff (1965a: 427) (catalog); Miyamoto (1965: 91) (distribution); Miyamoto & Yasunaga (1989: 168) (checklist: Japan); Takahashi (1990: 29) (distribution); Péricart & Golub (1996: 78) (checklist: Palaearctic); Miyamoto (2008: 158) (distribution); Yazaki (2009: 31) (distribution); Yamada & Tomokuni (2012: 213) (monograph); Yano et al. (2013: 26) (distribution); Dang et al. (2014: 289) (distribution); Maehara (2014: 62) (distribution); Nakamura (2014: 359) (distribution); Komatsu (2016: 101) (distribution); Yamada & Ishikawa (2016: 435) (checklist: Japan); Ito & Sasaki (2018: 22) (distribution).

Specimens examined. Non-types (7 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ 1 terminalia missing), JAPAN: Honshu: Fukushima-ken, Adachi-gun , Takakawa-mura , Futawatari , 27.viii.1935, leg. N. Gyotoku (1 ♂, ELKU) ; Saitama Pref., Ranzan town, Tsukigawa Riv., Ranzankeikoku , 4.ii.2001, leg. K. Toyoda (1 ♀, TUA) ; Kanagawa Pref., Tsukui , 27.iv.1987, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♂, TUA) ; Kanagawa-ken, Odawara-shi, Ashigara Kansen For. Rd. , 3514'51.3" N 13904 '41.7"E, 26.vi.2019, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, TUA) ; Hyogo-ken. Kobe-shi, Kita-ku, near Okidai , 20.ix.1989, leg. M. T & Y. K (1 ♀, TUA) ; Osaka, Mt. Iwawaki , 22.v.1960, leg. I. Hiura (1 ♀, KUM) ; Kii, Kurosawayama , 20.ix.1952, leg. S. Gotô (1 ♀, ELKU) ; Prov. Harima , 22.iv.1909, leg. S. Iguchi (1 ♂ 1 ♀, ELKU) ; Tottori-ken, Kurayoshi-shi, Koda , Tenjin River , 1.vi.2007, leg. N. Ohara (1 ♀, TUA) . Shikoku: Sugitate, near Matsuyama , 12.ix.1951, leg. Y. Hirashima (1 ♂, ELKU) . Kyushu: Fukuoka, Kashiwara , 12.v.1978, leg. S. Miyamoto (1 ♂, KUM) ; Aburayama , 8.v.1960, leg. S. Miyamoto (1 ♂, KUM) ; Higo, Kikuchi-Suigen , 28.v.1962, leg. Y. Miyatake (1 ♂, KUM) . Okinoshima Island : Fukuoka, 25–28.vii.1958, leg. Hirashima, Murakami, Y. Miyatake (1 terminalia missing, ELKU) . Tsushima Island: Izuhara-machi, Tsutsu , Nishi-tatera Rind , 3409'05.1" N 12912 '56.1"E, 9–14.vi.2019, leg. S. Shimamoto (1 ♀, TUA) . A single specimen collected from Kyushu in 1962 has been recorded as Xynotingis hoytona by Miyamoto (1965) .

Diagnosis. Recognized among other tingid species by the characters mentioned in the Diagnosis section of Xynotingis .

Description of genitalia. Pygophore ( Figs. 16D , 19B ) compressed dorsoventrally, semicircular in ventral view, strongly concave at anterior margin of dorsum, elevated at center of venter, smooth on surface. Paramere ( Fig. 19A ) expanded in middle part, curved inward in apical part; outer and inner margins covered with pubescence in middle part. Female terminalia ( Fig. 16E ) hexagonal in ventral view, covered with pubescence.

Remarks. Among the Japanese Tingidae , Xynotingis hoytona resembles P. distinguenda in general appearance but can be easily distinguished from it by the following characteristics: head longer than its maximum width across compound eyes ( Fig. 16A ); antennal segments I separated from each other at their bases; rostrum reaching middle part of abdominal sternite IV ( Fig. 16C ); lateral carinae of pronotum nearly parallel to each other throughout their length; costal area of hemelytron with 3 rows of areolae in its entire length.

As per the original description ( Drake 1948b), this species possesses a median carina of the pronotum that does not extend to the apex of the posterior process. Based on the observation of another specimen, Takeya (1951) pointed out that X. hoytona does in fact possess a median carina extending to the apex of the posterior process. However, according to Drake & Maa (1953), the holotype possesses a median carina that matches the original description ( Drake 1948b). Based on the observation of some specimens collected from different localities, Takeya (1953a) concluded that the median carina of X. hoytona is variable in length. In fact, the photographs of the holotype (http://n 2t.net/ark:/65665/3348c026e-96f3-4bfd-bc50-2d60cc2227a2) show the median carina not extending to the apex of the posterior process, whereas 15 specimens recorded above possess the median carina extending to the apex of the posterior process ( Fig. 13A ).

Although the type locality of X. hoytona was merely indicated as “ Japan ” ( Drake 1948b), the label on the holotype mentions “ Japan, Kyoto ” [= Japan: Honshu, Kyoto-fu ] .

Distribution. Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Okinoshima Island, Tsushima Island), China (Hainan Island).

Xynotingis hoytona is recorded from Okinoshima and Tsushima islands for the first time.

Host plant. Xynotingis hoytona was found on two fagaceous plants: Quercus myrsinaefolia Blume ( Maehara 2014) and Q. salicina Blume (Yano et al. 2013) .

Biology. Adults and nymphs were collected from the trunk of Q. myrsinaefolia ( Maehara 2014) , suggesting that X.hoytona feeds on the trunk, as opposed to most tingids that feed on the underside of leaves ( Schuh&Weirauch 2020).

In Japan, adults were observed in almost all seasons (Takeya 1951, 1953a; Miyatake 1958; Takahashi 1990; Yazaki 2009; Yamada & Tomokuni 2012; Maehara 2014; Komatsu 2016; Ito & Sasaki 2018; present study), and nymphs were collected in August ( Maehara 2014). Overwintering adults were found on the underside of the bark of Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino (Ulmaceae) ( Maehara 2014).

Figures

FIGURE 13. A living adult (A) and a living fifth instar nymph (B) of Physatocheila consueta comb. nov. from Ishigaki Island, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan (photographed indoor). Host plant (Ampelopsis glandulosa (Wall.) Momiy. var. hancei (Planch.) Momiy.) (C) of P. consueta comb. nov. on Ishigaki Island, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan.

FIGURE 16. Habitus images of Xynotingis hoytona from Japan. Dried specimen, dorsal and lateral views (A, B). Ventral structures: rostrum (C), male terminalia (D) and female terminalia (E). Scale bars: A, B, 1.0 mm; C–E, 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 19. Male terminalia of Xynotingis hoytona, dorsal view: paramere (A) and pygophore (B). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.