Tomarus rostratus Dupuis, 2014

López-García, Margarita M. & Deloya, Cuauhtémoc, 2022, Cladistic analysis reveals polyphyly of Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae): new classification and taxonomic revision, Zootaxa 5211 (1), pp. 1-119 : 70

Tomarus rostratus Dupuis, 2014

( Figs. 5F , 7H , 9L , 13J , 14F , 16P , 20G , 22B , 28G ; 49 )

Tomarus rostratus Dupuis, 2014: 1 . Original combination.

Male holotype (MNHN) “ Peru. / Tomarus / Er. / Maimon // MUSÉUM PARIS / 1952 / coll. R. OBERTHÜR // Tomarus rostratus n. sp. / HOLOTYPE / F. Dupuis 2014 // HOLOTYPE // MNHN / EC4187”. Type locality: Peru.

Description. Habitus as in Fig. 28G . Length 17.4–27.5 mm; humeral width 8.3–10.0 mm. Color dark reddish brown. Head: Frons coarsely and irregularly rugose. Frontoclypeal region with 2 transverse tubercles separated by about 3 tubercle diameters. Clypeus trapezoidal, not strongly narrowed toward apex; apex with 2 triangular teeth separated by about 1.5 tooth diameters. Mandible with 2 apical teeth and a lateral, widely rounded tooth ( Fig. 5F ). Mentum abruptly constricted at apical 3rd. Galea of maxilla with teeth 5 and 6 well developed. Pronotum: Surface punctate, punctures rounded, smaller than punctures on elytra; densely distributed on apical and lateral margins. Apical margin with a small tubercle, visible in lateral view. Pronotum without rugose fovea, with small to large punctures on each side of tubercle. Scutellum: Surface without punctures. Elytra: Sutural stria complete. Elytral punctures dense and deep, punctures mainly ocellate, 3 pairs of distinct double rows. Abdomen: Pygidium convex (male) to flat (female) in lateral view; surface deeply rugopunctate on basal 3rd with disc smooth (male) ( Fig. 9L ), or completely rugopunctate (female). Apical margin of sternite VII straight in male, slightly emarginate with notch broad and shallow in female. Apex of sternite VIII emarginate, notch wide in male and narrow and deep in female. Venter: Prosternal process long, thick, apex transversely oval to rounded, and bordered with long, pale yellow setae. Metasternum with short, sparse setae on anterior angles. Legs: Protibia tridentate with an additional small, basal denticle. Apex of metatibia slightly crenulate, with 8–15 spinules. Female genitalia: Coxite surface strongly concave ( Fig. 13J ). Male genitalia: Spiculum gastrale with basal plates ( Fig. 14F ). Parameres widened at apical 4th, elongate from basal 4th to apex; sides parallel, without teeth or lateral projections ( Fig. 16P ), regularly curved at lateral view ( Fig. 20G ). Internal sac with small copulatory lamella, lamellar spiny belt reduced, complex of accessory lamellae with 6 spines joined at the base by dense granules ( Fig. 22B ).

Diagnosis. Tomarus rostratus is unique in the genus because of its extremely elongate parameres, without lateral teeth. It can be also differentiated by the following combination of characters: clypeus trapezoidal; pronotum with small tubercle and without rugose fovea, with small to large punctures on each side of tubercle ( Fig. 28G ); protibia tridentate with a small denticle; apical border of pygidium strongly truncate in male; apical margin of sternite VIII emarginated in female; coxite surface strongly concave ( Fig. 13J ); spiculum gastrale with basal plates ( Fig. 14F ); internal sac of aedeagus with small copulatory lamella and reduced lamellar spiny belt ( Fig. 22B ).

Distribution. Tomarus rostratus is an endemic species from the coastal desert of Peru ( Dupuis 2014) and Chile ( López-García & Deloya 2018).

Locality records ( Fig. 49 ). 39 examined specimens from FSCA, MEKRB, MNHN, USNM, SENASA, UGBC. CHILE (12). Arica y Parinacota: Cuya; Puente Chapa (50 km S Arica); Valle de Azapa (6 km E Arica). PERU (27). Arequipa (3): Camaná, Quilca; Quiroz. Lima (19): Canta, Santa Rosa de Quives; Cañete; Huarochirí, Santa Eulalia; Huaura, Végueta, Medio Mundo; Lima. No data (5): Peru.

Natural history. Specimens have been found between 12–1,036 m elevation between August and February.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Mandible. A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) relictus, D) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, E) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, F) Tomarus rostratus, G) T. gyas, H) T. maternus.

FIGURE 7. Left hindwing in ventral view. A, C) Euligyrus similis, B, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, F) Tomarus gyas, G) T. maternus, H) T. rostratus.

FIGURE 9. Pygidium of male. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, D) L. (Ligyrus) fossor, E) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, F) Tomarus bituberculatus, G) T. colombianus, H) T. maracaiboensis, I) T. pilcopataensis, J) T. pullus, K) T. roigjunenti, L) T. rostratus.

FIGURE 13. Female genital plates. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, F) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, G) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, H) Tomarus laticaudus, I) T. maternus, J) T. rostratus, K) T. subtropicus. Abbreviations: SCx: Subcoxite, Cx: Coxite.

FIGURE 14. Spiculum gastrale. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, D) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, E) Tomarus pullus, F) T. rostratus, G) T. selanderi, H) T. subtropicus.

FIGURE 16. Parameres in frontal view. A) Tomarus adoceteus, B) T. amazonicus, C) T. bituberculatus, D) T. colombianus, E) T. discrepans, F) T. gyas, G) T. laevicollis, H) T. laticaudus, I) T. maimon, J) T. maracaiboensis, K) T. maternus, L) T. pilcopataensis, M) T. pullus, N) T. pumilus, O) T. roigjunenti, P) T. rostratus, Q) T. selanderi, R) T. subtropicus.

FIGURE 20. Parameres in lateral view. A) Tomarus maracaiboensis, B) T. maternus, C) T. pilcopataensis, D) T. pullus, E) T. pumilus, F) T. roigjunenti, G) T. rostratus, H) T. selanderi, I) T. subtropicus.

FIGURE 22. Internal sac. A) Tomarus pullus, B) T. rostratus, C) T. maternus. Abbreviations: AL: Accessory lamellae, CL: Copulatory lamella, LSB: Lamellar spiny belt, Ra: Raspula, SD: Sclerotized diverticulum.

FIGURE 28. Habitus of the species of Tomarus: A) Tomarus maracaiboensis, B) T. maternus, C) T. pilcopataensis, D) T. pullus, E) T. pumilus, F) T. roigjunenti, G) T. rostratus, H) T. selanderi, I) T. subtropicus. Scale bar: 5 mm.

FIGURE 49. Distributional records of Tomarus rostratus.