Tomarus laevicollis ( Bates, 1888 )

López-García, Margarita M. & Deloya, Cuauhtémoc, 2022, Cladistic analysis reveals polyphyly of Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae): new classification and taxonomic revision, Zootaxa 5211 (1), pp. 1-119 : 62-63

Tomarus laevicollis ( Bates, 1888)

( Figs. 16G , 19G , 27G ; 44 )

Ligyrus laevicollis Bates, 1888: 316 . Original combination.

Male lectotype designated by Cartwright (1959: 518) (BMNH) “LECTO- / TYPE // TYPE // Sp. figured. // Acapulco, / Guerrero. / Höge. // B.C.A.Col.II(2) / Ligyrus / laevicollis, Bates // Ligyrus / laevicollis / Bates ♂ // Lectotype / B. laevicollis Bates // Cartwright 1959 ”. Male paralectotype (BMNH) “PARA- / LECTO- / TYPE // Chilpancingo, / Guerrero. / Höge. // B.C.A.Col.II(2) / Ligyrus / laevicollis, Bates ”. Female paralectotype (BMNH) “PARA- / LECTO- / TYPE // Belize. / Blancaneaux. // Ligyrus / laevicollis / Bates ♂ // B.C.A.Col. II(2) / Ligyrus / laevicollis, Bates ”. Male paralectotype (MNHN) “Cordova, / Vera Cruz / Höge. // ♂. // H.W.Bates / Biol. Cent.Amer. // Museum Paris / ex Coll. / R. Oberthur // Tomarus laevicollis / (Bates188) [( Bates 1888)] / det F. Dupuis 2015 // PARALECTOTYPE // MNHN / EC6758” Type locality: Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico.

Ligyrus bryanti Rivers, 1891: 97 . Synonym. Male lectotype (CASC) “San Jose / del Cabo. // RIVERS / Type. // 10275 // LECTOTYPE / bryanti // California Academy / of Sciences / Type / No. / 61” here designated. Type locality: San José del Cabo , Lower California, Mexico.

Description. Habitus as in Fig. 27G . Length 18.0– 24.5 mm; humeral width 9.8–12.2 mm. Color dark reddish brown to black. Head: Frons and clypeus coarsely and densely rugose. Frontoclypeal region with 2 conical tubercles separated by about 9 tubercle diameters. Clypeus narrowed towards apex, base 3 times wider than apex. Clypeal teeth triangular, separated by a tooth diameter. Mandible with 2 apical teeth and a lateral, narrowly rounded tooth. Galea of maxilla with teeth 5 and 6 well developed. Mentum abruptly constricted at apical 3rd. Interocular distance 3 times an eye width. Pronotum: Surface with minute punctures; denser and deeper on anterior and lateral angles, disc impunctate.Apical tubercle small, rounded, visible in lateral view. Subapical fovea very shallow, elongate, narrow (1/2 the interocular distance), equal in both sexes, surface rugopunctate. Scutellum: Surface smooth, without punctures. Elytra: Punctures on first interval minute to absent; sutural stria incomplete, present only on apical 1/4. Inner surface of apex with rounded, large tubercles forming 14–16 parallel lines. Abdomen: Apex of tergite IV with a triangular wide area with small, irregular tubercles forming 9–10 diagonal, nearly parallel lines. Pygidium with dense rugosity on basal 3rd, apex rounded. Venter: Apex of prosternal process flat, subquadrate to longitudinally oval. Metasternum with minute setae on anterior angles. Legs: Protibia tridentate, with a basal small denticle. Apex of metatibia crenulate; with 9–11 spinules. Male genitalia: Spiculum gastrale without basal plates. Phallobase 1.2 times longer than parameres. Parameres with 2 dorsal teeth on each side; basal tooth acute, longer than apical tooth that is small and joined to the basal tooth ( Figs. 16G , 19G ). Internal sac with copulatory lamella and short lamellar spiny belt; with a complex of 7 spine-like, accessory lamellae, with dense granules at base.

Diagnosis. Tomarus laevicollis is differentiated by the following character combination: frontoclypeal tubercles conical; pronotal surface nearly smooth ( Fig. 27G ); pronotal tubercle small but visible in lateral view; pronotal fovea shallow and narrow (1/3 as wide as interocular distance); elytral punctures on first interval minute to absent; sutural stria incomplete, present only on apical 1/4; protibia tridentate, with an additional basal denticle; apex of metatibia with 9–11 spinules; parameres with 2 dorsal teeth on each side, main teeth long, close to the secondary, small teeth ( Figs. 16G , 19G ).

Distribution. Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Costa Rica ( Endrödi 1985; Ratcliffe et al. 2013).

Locality records ( Fig. 44 ). 149 specimens examined from BMNH, CAFESI, CNIN, FSCA, EMAC, IEXA, UNSM, and USNM. Some records from Ratcliffe (2003), Ratcliffe & Cave (2006), and Ratcliffe et al. 2013. BE-LIZE (1). Cayo (1): Blancaneaux. COSTA RICA (2). Limón (2): Amubri; Hitoy Cerere. EL SALVADOR (1). San Miguel (1): Laguna el Jocotal. GUATEMALA (37). Chimaltenango (1): San Martín Jilotepequez. Escuintla (15): Chulamar; La Gomera; Puerto de Ixtapa; San José. Guatemala (2): Ciudad de Guatemala. Huehuetenango (1): No data. Petén (1): No data. San Marcos (2): Puerto de Ocos; Tilapa. Santa Rosa (14): Chiquimulilla; La Avellana; Monterrico; Playa Hawai; Taxisco. Zacapa (1): San Lorenzo, Cerro de los Monos. HONDURAS (69). Atlántida (51): Curla; Danto; Ceiba; La Montañita; Jujiapa; Reserva Cuero y Salado. Gracias a Dios (5): Reserva Río Plátano. Isla Roatán (10): Sandy Bay; Spyglass Hill. MEXICO (209). Baja California (28): San Juan del Cabo; San Lucas; Santa Rosa; Santiago; Todos Santos (25 mi. SE). Chiapas (10): Acapetahua; Cinco Cerros; Pipijiapán; Puerto Arista; Tapachula; Villa Flores. Guerrero (19): Acapulco; Chilpancingo; Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo; Jochuchutla; Jocutla; Rodecia. Jalisco (48): Careyes; Chamela; Melaque; Puerto Vallarta; Tenacatita. Michoacán (3): Cohuayana; Playa Azul; San Telmo. Nayarit (58): Acaponeta; San Blas; Ruíz; Tepic. Oaxaca (5): La Ventosa; Río Grande; Salina Cruz (5 km N); Tehuantepec. Puebla (1): Huachinango. Quintana Roo (1): Cancún. San Luíz Potosí (1): Tamuin. Sinaloa (15): El Zapotillo; Malpica; Mazatlán; Venado; Villa Unión. Tabasco (2): Centla, Manglar de la Barra San Pedro; Ruinas de Comalcalco. Veracruz (18): Alvarado; Córdoba; La Tomata; Palma Sola; Tecolutla; Tuxpan; Veracruz. NICARAGUA (2). Río San Juan (1): Los Guatuzos. Zelaya (1): Campus Uracan Buffields.

Natural history. The species inhabits tropical moist forest areas between 0 to 2,100 m, and many specimens have been collected using lights.

Figures

FIGURE 16. Parameres in frontal view. A) Tomarus adoceteus, B) T. amazonicus, C) T. bituberculatus, D) T. colombianus, E) T. discrepans, F) T. gyas, G) T. laevicollis, H) T. laticaudus, I) T. maimon, J) T. maracaiboensis, K) T. maternus, L) T. pilcopataensis, M) T. pullus, N) T. pumilus, O) T. roigjunenti, P) T. rostratus, Q) T. selanderi, R) T. subtropicus.

FIGURE 19. Parameres in lateral view. A) Tomarus adoceteus, B) T. amazonicus, C) T. bituberculatus, D) T. colombianus, E) T. discrepans, F) T. gyas, G) T. laevicollis, H) T. laticaudus, I) T. maimon.

FIGURE 27. Habitus of the species of Tomarus: A) Tomarus adoceteus, B) T. amazonicus, C) T. bituberculatus, D) T. colombianus, E) T. discrepans, F) T. gyas, G) T. laevicollis, H) T. laticaudus, I) T. maimon. Scale bar: 5 mm.

FIGURE 44. Distributional records of Tomarus laevicollis, T. laticaudus, T. maracaiboensis, and T. colombianus.