Leslibetaeus, Anker & Poddoubtchenko & Wehrtmann, 2006

Anker, Arthur, Poddoubtchenko, Denis & Wehrtmann, Ingo S., 2006, Leslibetaeus coibita, n. gen., n. sp., a new alpheid shrimp from the Pacific coast of Panama (Crustacea: Decapoda), Zootaxa 1183, pp. 27-41 : 29-41

Leslibetaeus , n. gen.

Body moderately stout. Frontal margin rounded, without rostrum and orbital teeth. Pterygostomial angle rounded, not protruding. Eyes partly concealed in dorsal and lateral view, visible in frontal view; cornea well developed. Antennular peduncle moderately slender; first segment without ventromesial tooth; lateral antennular flagellum with poorly developed secondary ramus. Antenna with basicerite robust; carpocerite short, reaching far beyond scaphocerite. Mouthparts typical for family; mandible with bisegmented palp and well developed molar and incisor processes. Third maxilliped pediform, lateral plate feebly developed, rounded; tip of ultimate segment with stout spines. Chelipeds enlarged, equal in size, symmetrical in shape, robust, carried extended; ischium with spines on dorsodistal margin; merus ventrally flattened; carpus very stout, cup­shaped, with strong distal lobes, with two comb­like rows of setae mesially; chela stout, inflated; palm smooth, linea impressa and adhesive discs absent; cutting edges of fingers with teeth, without snapping mechanism. Second pereiopod with five­segmented carpus, second segment longest. Third pereiopod with ischium lacking spine; merus unarmed; carpus with distoventral spine; propodus with slender spines on ventral margin; dactylus simple. Sixth abdominal somite without articulated plate at posterolateral angle. Second pleopod with appendix interna and appendix masculina. Uropod with sympodite bearing subacute tooth; diaeresis with broad subacute tooth in mid­portion. Telson with two pairs of dorsal spines and two pairs of posterolateral spines, lateral much shorter and directed upwards; posterior margin reduced; anal tubercles absent. Gill/exopod formula: 5 pleurobranchs (P1–5); 1 arthrobranch (Mxp3); 0 podobranch; 2 lobe­shaped epipods (Mxp1–2); 5 strap­like epipods or mastigobranchs (Mxp3, P1–4); 5 setobranchs (P1–5); 3 exopods (Mxp1–3).

Type species. — Leslibetaeus coibita , n. sp., by monotypy and present designation.

Etymology. — We are more than pleased to dedicate this genus to our dear colleague and one of the collectors of this shrimp, Leslie Harris. The generic name is a combination of the collector’s first name, Leslie, and betaeus , referring to the superficial resemblance of the new genus to the alpheid genus Betaeus Dana, 1852 (see below). Gender masculine.

Remarks. — See below.

Leslibetaeus coibita , n. sp.

Material examined. — Holotype: LACM CR 2005 ­ 013.2 , 1 female (CL 3.4 mm), Isla Coibita , on side facing Isla Coiba , north side of Smithsonian Tropical Research Instititute ( STRI) beach house, first small island connected by causeway, 7°38’80” N 81°42’159” W, Isla Coiba National Park, Pacific coast of Panama, extracted by hand/forceps from crevice of a shale rock, coll. L. Harris & I.S. Wehrtmann, 12 March 2005. Paratype: LACM CR 2005 ­ 013.1 . 1 male (CL 3.2 mm), same data as for holotype [specimen poorly preserved, broken in two parts, most appendages dissected].

Description. — Body moderately elongated (Fig, 1), not particularly compressed. Carapace smooth, with very shallow, poorly defined grooves on flanks, without sutures, glabrous except for minute, scarce, erect setae; anterior portion somewhat inflated in lateral view ( Fig. 1 ); pterygostomial angle rounded, not protruding ( Fig. 2b ); branchiostegial margin with a few setae; cardiac notch well developed ( Fig. 2c ); frontal margin of carapace broadly rounded ( Fig. 2a ), rostrum and orbital teeth absent. Eyes partly concealed, anterior portion visible in dorsal and lateral view ( Fig. 2a, b ), without tubercles or spines, cornea moderately developed. Ocellar beak not conspicuous. Epistomial sclerite without acute projection.

Antennular peduncle not particularly stout, moderately elongated, slender ( Fig. 2a ); first segment with stylocerite somewhat apressed, reaching distal margin of first segment, distally subacute ( Fig. 2a, d ), ventromesial carina unarmed ( Fig. 2d, e ), dorsomesial surface proximal to eye with one–two small spines ( Fig. 2a, e ); second segment subequal to visible portion of first segment, much longer than third segment; lateral flagellum with secondary ramus reduced to a small knob with one (male) or two (female) tufts of aesthetascs, latter longer and more numerous developed in female ( Fig. 2b, d, e ), proximal fused portion composed of five­six segments. Antenna with basicerite relatively stout, armed with strong ventrolateral tooth ( Figs. 2b , 3b ); scaphocerite subrectangular, short, reaching only slightly beyond half length of carpocerite, anterior margin of blade convex, not extending beyond distolateral tooth ( Figs. 2a , 3b ); carpocerite robust, elongated ( Fig. 3a ); tubercle of antennal gland not protruding.

Mouthparts typical for family. Mandible with bisegmented palp; molar process slightly broadened distally ( Fig. 3c ); incisor process distally with five­six subtriangular teeth ( Fig. 3d, e ). Maxillule with palp bilobed, dorsal lobe with one seta, ventral lobe with several setae ( Fig. 3f ). Maxilla with scaphognathite narrow ( Fig. 3g ); endopod small, not segmented; dorsal endite not deeply notched ( Fig. 3g ); ventral endite with elongated setae. First maxilliped with caridean lobe on exopod narrow, with a few setae ( Fig. 3h ); endopod not segmented, with elongated setae distally; epipod relatively small, oval to subtriangular. Second maxilliped with small oval­rounded epipod ( Fig. 3i ); endopod without specific features; exopod somewhat broadened proximally. Third maxilliped pediform, elongated but stout ( Fig. 3j ); coxa with lateral plate feebly developed, ear­shaped, without acute projections ( Fig. 3l, m ), mesial surface with row of spinules ( Fig. 3m ); antepenultimate segment somewhat broadened, triangular in cross section; penultimate segment about twice as long as wide ( Fig. 3j ); ultimate segment tapering distally, dorsal margin with short spines or spiniform setae, tip with two stout subterminal spines and one stout terminal spine ( Fig. 3k ); exopod reaching 3/4 length of antepenultimate segment ( Fig. 3j ); arthrobranch well developed.

Chelipeds equal in size, symmetrical in shape, carried extended, robust ( Fig. 4a, b ); coxa robust, with row of spinules ventromesially ( Fig. 4h ); basis small, with tuft of stiff setae mesially; ischium very stout, dorsal margin distally produced and furnished with two­three stout spines ( Fig. 4c, h, i ); merus stout, flattened ventrally, distolateral margin with rounded lobe; carpus very stout, cup­shaped, distal margin with several rounded lobes ­ one dorsolateral, one dorsomesial and one, particularly developed, ventral lobe, latter partially embracing palm ( Fig. 4a, b, d, e, h ); mesial face with two comb­like rows of setae ( Fig. 4d, g ); chela relatively short, inflated; palm smooth, linea impressa and adhesive discs absent; fingers stout, slightly more than half length of palm ( Fig. 4e , g–j), slightly gaping when closed; cutting edge of dactylus unarmed, with hiatus anterior to mid­portion ( Fig. 4e , h–j); cutting edge of pollex armed with blunt tooth opposed to hiatus, and with one minute subdistal tooth ( Fig. 4h, i ); snapping mechanism absent; finger tips simple, crossing when chela closed ( Fig. 4e, h ); finger armature similar on right and left chelae ( Fig. 4e, h ).

Second pereiopod slender; ischium subequal to merus; carpus with five segments, second longest, segment length ratio approximately equal to 1: 1.5: 1.2: 0.8: 1 ( Fig. 3n ); chela simple, fingers slightly shorter than palm, with tufts of setae. Third pereiopod with all endopodal articles strongly compressed; ischium without ventrolateral spine, with row of stiff setae ventrally ( Fig. 3o ); merus broadened, dorsal and ventral margins slightly convex, unarmed; carpus distinctly shorter and narrower than merus, with stiff seta ventrodistally ( Fig. 3o ); propodus subequal in length and width to carpus, with about six slender spines on ventral margin and pair of stouter distoventral spines adjacent to dactylus ( Fig. 3o ); dactylus simple, moderately slender, slightly curved, about 1/3 length of propodus, furnished with setae ( Fig. 3o ). Fourth pereiopod similar to third, but distinctly more slender ( Fig. 1 ). Fifth pereiopod unknown (missing on both sides in holotype and paratype).

Abdominal somites I–V with posterolateral angles of pleura rounded ( Fig. 1 ); sixth somite rounded posteriorly and without distinct articulated plate at ventroposterior angle ( Fig. 2f ); preanal plate slightly projecting posteriorly, subrectangular ( Fig. 2i ). First pleopod with endopod less than half length of exopod, oval, fringed with setae ( Fig. 3p ). Male second pleopod with appendix masculina short, slightly longer than appendix interna, with three­four slender setae on apex and three setae along mesial margin ( Fig. 3q, r ); female second pleopod with appendix interna only. Uropods slightly exceeding telson ( Fig. 2f ); lateral lobe of sympodite distally acute ( Fig. 2g ); endopod and exopod subequal in length; exopod with diaeresis bearing three teeth ­ one small triangular tooth near distolateral spine, one broad subacute tooth in mid­portion and one broadly rounded tooth closer to mesial margin ( Fig. 2g ); distolateral spine relatively small but robust ( Fig. 2g ). Telson broad, tapering distally, subtriangular, about 1.5 times as long as wide proximally, with lateral margins convex ( Fig. 2h ); proximal width about five times width of posterior margin; dorsal surface with two pairs of small spines situated at some distance from lateral margin, one pair at mid­length, another pair at distal 1/3 of telson length ( Fig. 2h ); posterior margin reduced, straight, with two pairs of posterolateral spines, lateral much shorter than mesial and directed upwards ( Fig. 2f, h ), median portion between mesial spines with two long, non­plumose setae and two shorter setae departing obliquely (missing in one specimen); anal tubercles absent ( Fig. 2i ). Gill/exopod formula as given for genus.

Colour. — Semitranslucent with grey tinge; anterolateral and posterolateral portions of carapace, lateral portions of the first five abdominal somites, antennular peduncle and basicerite of antenna with bright red chromatophores; chelae hyaline whitish; cornea brown; ovaries bright yellow ( Fig 5 ).

Size. — Small sized alpheid, with CL ranging from 3.2 mm in male to 3.4 mm in female, latter with TL of 9.1 mm.

Etymology. — The name of the new species refers to the type locality, Coibita, a small island off Isla Ranchería in the Isla Coiba National Park. Coibita is here used as a noun in apposition.

Ecology. — The holotype specimens of Leslibetaeus coibita , n. gen., n. sp. were collected at low tide on the rocky mid­intertidal ( Fig 6 ), from crevices of a large shale rock. It is noteworthy that the bedrock and most loose rocks in the area were basaltic (L. Harris, pers. comm.).

Distribution. — Presently known only from the type locality: Isla Coibita, Isla Coiba National Park, Golfo de Chiriqui, Pacific coast of Panama.

Remarks. — Leslibetaeus , n. gen. is defined by the combination of several features: the frontal margin of the carapace without orbital teeth and distinct rostrum; the incomplete orbital hoods, only partially concealing the eyes; the sixth abdominal somite without articulated plate; the symmetrical stout chelipeds, with ischium bearing spines dorsally, carpus distally strongly lobed and bearing two comb­like rows of setae mesially, and short, smooth chela, without snapping mechanism on the finger cutting edges; the carpus of the second pereiopod five­segmented, with second segment distinctly longer than first; the ischium and merus of the third pereiopod without spines, ischium with a row of setae ventrally; the first segment of the antennular peduncle without tooth on the ventromesial carina; the scaphocerite being only half as long as carpocerite; the tip of the third maxilliped with stout spines; and the strap­like epipods present on the third maxilliped and the first to fifth pereiopod.

The characters of the frontal region, chelipeds and walking legs suggest that Leslibetaeus , n. gen. is not closely related to any described alpheid genus. The symmetrical chelipeds, without snapping mechanism on the chela fingers, and with rows of setae on the mesial side of the carpus, as well as the imperfect orbital hoods, suggest that Leslibetaeus , n. gen. is probably a relatively basal genus. Five other alpheid genera are characterized by the equal and symmetrical chelipeds, with setae arranged in two or more rows on the mesial face of the cheliped carpus: Yagerocaris Kensley, 1988 ; Potamalpheops Powell, 1979 ; Stenalpheops Miya, 1997 ; Coutieralpheus Anker and Felder 2005 ; and Jengalpheops Anker & Dworschak , in press. However, all these genera differ from Leslibetaeus , n. gen. in many other aspects, e.g., the presence of spines on the ischium/merus of the third and fourth pereiopod; the presence of a well developed rostrum ( Yagerocaris , Potamalpheops , Coutieralpheus ); and the sixth abdominal somite with an articulated plate (all but Yagerocaris ) (cf. Kensley, 1988; Powell, 1979; Hobbs, 1983; Miya, 1997; Anker & Felder, 2005; Anker & Dworschak, in press). Therefore, they do not have close affinities with Leslibetaeus , n. gen.

Leslibetaeus , n. gen. shares with Betaeus Dana, 1852 and Orygmalpheus De Grave and Anker, 2000 the symmetrical (or subsymmetrical) chelipeds, and the frontal margin devoid of rostrum and orbital hoods, but differs from those genera in the position of the dactylus on the chela, and in the features on the third maxilliped, third and second pereiopods, sixth abdominal somite etc. (cf. Hart, 1964; De Grave & Anker, 2000). Despite a very superficial resemblance (symmetrical chelipeds carried extended and frontal margin without rostrum and orbital teeth) between Betaeus and Leslibetaeus , n. gen., these two genera are not closely related. Leslibetaeus , n. gen. also has common features with Metabetaeus Borradaile, 1898 and Thuylamea Xuan, 2001 , e.g., the symmetrical chelipeds and the absence of an articulated plate on the sixth abdominal somite, but differs greatly from those genera in the cheliped shape and the configuration of the frontal margin (cf. Banner & Banner, 1960; Xuan, 2001). A close relationship between Leslibetaeus , n. gen. and Automate De Man, 1888 , Alpheopsis Coutière, 1896 or any other genus present in the eastern Pacific is also unlikely. Thus the phylogenetic affinities of Leslibetaeus , n. gen. are rather enigmatic. The finding of a completely new taxon in a relatively accessible habitat indicates a potentially high biodiversity of the Isla Coiba National Park, which remains to be explored.

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Leslie Harris (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, USA), who contributed in the collection of the present material. ISW is grateful to Dr. Peter W. Glynn (University of Miami, The Rosenstiel School, USA) who invited him to participate in his project activities (March 2005) in Panama. The present study was supported by Dr. Nancy Knowlton (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, USA) in form of a Smithsonian Institution’s postdoctoral fellowship to the first author (AA), and was accomplished in the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institution (STRI) facilities at Naos laboratory in Panama City, Republic of Panama. We also thank two anonymous reviewers whose suggestions and remarks improved the quality of the manuscript.

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Figures

FIGURE 1. Leslibetaeus coibita, n. gen., n. sp. Holotype, female (LACM CR 2005­013.2): habitus. Scale 1 mm.

FIGURE 2. Leslibetaeus coibita, n. gen., n. sp. Holotype, female (LACM CR 2005­013.2) (a, b) and paratype male (LACM CR 2005­013.1) (c–i), a — frontal region, dorsal view; b — same, lateral view; c — carapace, lateral view; d — antennule, lateral view; e — same, mesial view; f — posterior region of abdomen and telson, lateral view; g — uropod, dorsal view; h — telson, dorsal view; i — telson and sixth abdominal somite, ventral view. Scale 1 mm (A: c, B: a, b, d–i).

FIGURE 3. Leslibetaeus coibita, n. gen., n. sp. Holotype, female (LACM CR 2005­013.2) (p) and paratype male (LACM CR 2005­013.1) (a–o, q, r), a — antenna, ventral view; b — same, dorsal view; c — right mandible, mesial view; d — same, lateral view (palp detached); e — left mandible, lateral view (palp detached); f — maxillule, lateral view; g — maxilla, lateral view; h — first maxilliped, lateral view; i — second maxilliped, lateral view; j — third maxilliped, lateral view (arthrobranch detached, position indicated); k — same, tip of ultimate segment, lateral view; l — same, proximal region, lateral view; m — same, ventrolateral view; n — second pereiopod, lateral view; o — third pereiopod, lateral view; p — first pleopod, mesial view; q — second pleopod, mesial view; r — same, detail of appendices externa and interna. Scale 1 mm (A: j, B: a–h, k; r drawn without scale).

FIGURE 4. Leslibetaeus coibita, n. gen., n. sp. Paratype male (LACM CR 2005­013.1): chelipeds, a — left cheliped, lateral view; b — same, mesial view; c — same, ischium and basis, lateral view; d — same, carpus, mesial view; e — same, chela and carpus, lateral view; f — same, chela fingers open, lateral view; g — same, mesial view; h — right cheliped, coxa to proximal merus, mesial view; i — lateral view; j — same, chela, lateral view. Scale 1 mm (A: a, b, B: c–j).

FIGURE 5. Leslibetaeus coibita, n. gen., n. sp. Holotype, female (LACM CR 2005­013.2): colour pattern, a — right side; b — left side. Photograph by Leslie Harris.

FIGURE 6. Locality of collection of Leslibetaeus coibita, n. gen., n. sp., intertidal rocky shore on Isla Coibita, Isla Coiba National Park, Panama, with Leslie Harris extracting animals from rock crevices. The red arrow indicates approximate position of the shale rock where the two specimens of Leslibetaeus coibita, n. gen., n. sp. were found.