Amygdalops cuspidatus, ROHÁČEK J., 2008

ROHÁČEK J., 2008, Revision Of The Genus Amygdalops Lamb, 1914 (Diptera, Anthomyzidae) Of The Oriental, Australasian And Oceanian Regions, Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 54 (4), pp. 325-400 : 345-349

Amygdalops cuspidatus sp. n.

( Figs 38–51 , 164 )

Type material: Holotype male, labelled: “ INDONESIA: Isle Flores , 8,49 S 121,02 E, eastern periphery of village Mataloko, ca 10 km ESE’ Badjawa, 24.9.1992 ”, “ 200–300 m E’ mission church and school, swept, eclector, X 859, M. v. Tschirnhaus leg.”, “creek valley, open cultivated land (vegetables, maniok), diverse herb. vegetation (– 2 m height), grazed by buffaloes” ( ZSMC, dried from ethanol) . Paratypes: same data as for holotype 310 males 235 females ( ZSMC, FBUB, SMOC, DEBU, USNM, about 100 specimens dried, others retained in ethanol, a number with genit. prep.); Java I., X846, western periphery of village Kaliurang, N’ Yogjakarta, eastern edge of canyon, partly grazed, partly cultivated land, moist vegetation, predominantly grass and Carices , 9.xi.1992, swept, eclector, 1 female, M. v. Tschirnhaus leg. ( ZSMC, dried from alcohol). TAIWAN: Taipei, Nanshih Chiao , Han-Lo-Da, No. 21, 450 m, rocky forest undergrowth, 10.x.2000, 1 male, L. Papp & L. Ronkay leg. ( HNHM, genit. prep.); Taichung, Ta Keng, sweeping net, 20.ii.1992, 2 males, C. Y. Li leg. ( NMNS, Nos 1390–180, 1390–291, genit. prep.) .

Etymology – The name is derived from the elongate, apically pointed gonostylus of the species ( cuspidatus = Lat. pointed).

Description – Male. Total body length 2.10–2.78 mm. Similar to A. nigrinotum but differing as follows. Head about as long as high. Occiput uniformly dark brown or medially (above foramen) somewhat paler. Frons brown with gradually paler anterior fourth or third, from ochreous-brown posterior part to pale yellow foremost margin. Orbit largely brown and shining, only its foremost part (with ors microsetulae) ochreous to yellow. Mouthparts yellowish orange to yellow including palpus, only a small dorsal part (clypeus) pale brownish. Cephalic chaetotaxy: vti about three-fifths of length of vte; oc weak, about as long as vti; 2 long ors, anterior markedly longer than oc; 5–6 small peristomal setulae. Eye very convex, elongate, with longest diameter 1.7 times as long as shortest one. Gena and antenna as in A. nigrinotum .

Thorax somewhat darker than in A. nigrinotum . Humeral and notopleural areas relatively dark, usually only humeral callus (partly) ochreous-yellow, other parts pale brown. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 1 prs, reduced to microseta; 2 dc, anterior reduced, only twice longer than dc microsetae; 2 sc, laterobasal sightly longer than anterior dc. Legs completely yellow, with whitish yellow coxae and trochanters. f 3 with 8–10 shortened, thickened and dense setae in distal fourth or third of posteroventral row. Wing ( Fig. 164 ) with pattern composed of brown preapical spot confluent with broad brown darkened stripe along R 4+5; also whitish hyaline area between C and brown bordered R 4+5 distinct. R 4+5 usually slightly bent or sinuous terminally; r-m situated somewhat in front of middle of discal (dm) cell. Wing measurements: length 2.02–2.72 mm; width 0.49–0.79 mm, Cs 3: Cs 4 = 1.72–2.06, r-m\dm-cu: dm-cu = 3.62–4.14. Haltere dark brown, stem sometimes paler.

Abdomen. Preabdominal terga all dark brown, rarely (1 male from Taiwan) T5 with small and short, pale yellow anterolateral spot on each side. Preabdominal sterna pale ochreous-brown and becoming somewhat wider and darker posteriorly, S5 the largest and darkest (slightly wider than long).

Genitalia. Epandrium ( Figs 38–39 ) with 1 dorsomedial pair of longer and thicker setae; anal opening relatively narrow, rounded triangular ( Fig. 38 ). Cercus slender, relatively short. Medandrium ( Fig. 39 ) comparatively narrow, somewhat tapered dorsally, with corners simply rectangular. Gonostylus ( Figs 38–39, 43 ) elongate, slender, acutely tapered distally; its micropubescence restricted to posterolateral area in wider proximal half, inner side of gonostylus with short and weak setae. Hypandrium ( Fig. 40 ) moderate in size, simple, with somewhat dorsally projecting but unpigmented internal lobes; transandrium ( Fig. 41 ) of distinctive structure, with dark dorsomedial arched sclerite having concave ventral margin; caudal process ( Fig. 41 ) formed by slender, weak, medially divided and ventrally slightly diverged sclerite. Pregonite ( Fig. 40 ) low, incurved and only posteroventrally somewhat projecting and separated from hypandrium by short incision, with 7–8 setae, all on its posterior part. Postgonite ( Fig. 40 ) slender, knife-shaped, apically acutely pointed, with 1–2 setulae in proximal two-fifths and 1 microseta in distal two-fifths; basal sclerite attached to postgonite small. Aedeagal part of folding apparatus short, with dorsal part ( Fig. 42 ) hardly darkened and its outer side with flat tubercles and some spinulae. Connecting sclerite proximally slender but darker, distally strongly dilated, paler and finely tuberculate. Basal membrane with dense short spines posteroventrally to caudal process ( Figs 40, 41 ). Aedeagal complex ( Fig. 42 ) with robust phallapodeme, having flattened but shortly forked base and short apex with distinct lateral projections. Saccus of distiphallus voluminous, with flat sclerites (dorsal, ventral and basal) in its proximal half, otherwise membranous and finely spinose in proximal and central part, tuberculate with some short spines in apical part. Filum of distiphallus long, dark, strongly curved and formed by 2 slender stripe-like, basally affixed and distally separate sclerites ending in membranous shortly lobate apex. Ejacapodeme very small, with slender digitiform projection.

Female. Similar to male unless mentioned otherwise. Total body length 2.46–3.18 mm. Mouthparts somewhat darker: clypeus distinctly brown and palpus with pale brown darkened apex. f 3 without shortened setae. Wing pattern often darker; r-m situated more distinctly in front of middle of dm cell. Wing measurements: length 2.30–2.90 mm, width 0.59–0.79 mm, Cs 3: Cs 4 = 1.81–2.00, r-m\dm-cu: dm-cu = 3.67–4.40. Preabdominal terga all uniformly dark brown. Preabdominal sterna pale ochreous; S2-S5 slightly to distinctly longer than broad, becoming larger and wider posteriorly; S5 largest and markedly longer than (postabdominal) S6.

Postabdomen ( Figs 45–47 ). T6 wider and somewhat longer than T7, dark brown with pale-pigmented anterior (shorter) and posterior (longer) marginal areas. S6 narrower than T7, largely pale yellowish but transversely darkened in front of posterior row of setae. T7 dark brown, anteriorly emarginate and with pale crescent-shaped area ( Fig. 45 ), mainly setose in posterior third, extended on extension). Scales: 0.1 mm

others = 0.05 mm

ventral side and embedding 7th spiracles but its anterolateral corners not projecting. S7 ( Fig. 47 ) small, narrow and similar to that of A. curtisi sp. n., tapered anteriorly, brown except for pale anterior corner and posterior marginal area, finely setose. T8 paler brown (anteriorly more lightened) than T7, plate-shaped, amost semicircular, with a few fine setae along posterior margin. S8 dark brown, somewhat wider than S7 but narrower than T8. T10 very small (yet smaller than that of A. curtisi ), pale-pigmented, with some microtomentum only posteriorly. S10 also small, paler than S8, somewhat wider than T10, micropubescent in posterior half. Internal sclerotization of genital chamber formed by a fusion of pale-pigmented sclerites ( Figs 49, 51 ) being anteriorly somewhat dilated laterally; annular sclerite extremely fine, manifold twisted and, hence, of variable shape; vaginal area finely spinulose ( Fig. 51 ). Ventral receptacle ( Fig. 50 ) membranous, vesiculate, with a digitiform, relatively short terminal projection; receptacular duct dilated distally. Accessory gland ( Fig. 44 ) with distinct darker granulae and its ringed duct markedly dilated subterminally. Spermathecae spherical, smaller than in A. curtisi , one larger than the other ( Fig. 48 ), each with short blunt spines in basal third; duct cervix yet longer than in A. curtisi . Cerci ( Fig. 45 ) short, moderate, with short setae.

Discussion – A. cuspidatus sp. n. belongs to the A. nigrinotum group but forms within it [together with A. bisinus sp. n., A. sp. n. (a) and A. curtisi sp. n.] a separate A. cuspidatus subgroup delimited by small, anteriorly tapered female S7. Its closest relative is A. sp. n. (a) which has a similarly patterned wing (preapical spot confluent with distinctly darkened stripe along R 4+5) but differs from it (in female sex) by the narrow S6 and smaller S7. The latter sclerite is most similar to that of A. curtisi sp. n., another member of the A. cuspidatus subgroup. In the male sex, A. cuspidatus can be best recognized by the slender, acutely tapered gonostylus (this being most similar to those of the Afrotropical species A. sparsus ROHÁČEK, 2004 and allies).

Biology – The majority of specimens (more than 550 = the largest series of Amygdalops ever collected) originate from a sweep sample collected by M. v. TSCHIRNHAUS in a creek valley on herbaceous vegetation grazed by buffaloes. The remaining specimens were swept from forest undergrowth. Adults occur in II, IX, X.

Distribution – Taiwan, Indonesia (Flores, Java).

Figures

Figs 38–43. Amygdalops cuspidatus sp. n., male paratype (Taiwan). 38 = external genitalia, caudal view, 39 = same, lateral view, 40 = hypandrium and associated structures, lateral view, 41 = transandrium, caudal view, 42 = aedeagal complex, lateral view, 43 = gonostylus, sublateral view (widest

Figs 44–51. Amygdalops cuspidatus sp. n., female paratype (Flores). 44 = accessory gland, 45 = postabdomen, dorsal view, 46 = same, lateral view, 47 = same, ventral view, 48 = spermathecae, 49 = S8 and internal sclerites, lateral view (micropubescence omitted), 50 = ventral receptacle, lateral view, 51 = S8 and internal sclerites (setosity omitted), ventral view. Scales: Figs 45–47 = 0.1 mm,

Figs 163–166. Wings of Amygdalops species. 163 = A. bisinus sp. n., male paratype (Flores), length 2.0 mm, 164 = A. cuspidatus sp. n., male paratype (Flores), length 2.5 mm, 165 = A. sp. n. (a) near cuspi-