Zavatilla flavotegulata ( Chen, 1957 ) Zhou & Lelej & Williams & Liu, 2018

Zhou, Hu-Ting, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A. & Liu, Jing-Xian, 2018, Revision of the Oriental genus Zavatilla Tsuneki (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae, Trogaspidiini), with descriptions of two new species, Zootaxa 4418 (2), pp. 101-120 : 103-105

Zavatilla flavotegulata ( Chen, 1957) , stat. nov.

( Figs 23 , 25–30 , 37–40 , 49–51 , 55–60 , 63, 67 )

Smicromyrme gutrunae flavotegulata Chen, 1957: 178 , 184, ♂, holotype: “ Kiangsi , Kuling [Jiangxi, China], 20.VIII.1935, O. Piel ” (Heude Museum, Shanghai, China) .

Zavatilla gutrunae flavotegulata: Lelej 1996: 9 , ♂.

Smicromyrme gutrunae flavotegulata: He 2004: 952 , ♂.

Zavatilla gutrunae flavotegula (!): Lelej 2005: 77, ♂.

Diagnosis. MALE. Body black. Tegula yellowish-brown. Flagellomere 1 0.85–0.92 × flagellomere 2 length. Scapal carina apically with yellow strip. Clypeus with distinct concave area; anterior border with emargination. Both metasomal tergum 2 posteriorly and metasomal tergum 3 with wide fascia of dense golden decumbent setae. Apex of volsellar digitus evidently located proximally to apex of penis valve. FEMALE. Antenna black, with scape, pedicel and flagellomere 1 ferruginous, ventral side of flagellomeres 2–9 medially ferruginous. Legs ferruginous. Flagellomere 1 length 1.33 × its apical width, 1.54 × flagellomere 2 length, which is 0.81 × as long as wide. Dorsal transverse clypeal carina with the two sublateral tubercles larger than the basal median tubercle. Genal carina well developed anterad with a strong tubercle on the hypostomal carina. Mesonotum with two welldeveloped prescutellar scales. Metasomal sternum 1 with carina divided by emargination into small anterior and much larger posterior parts. Metasomal tergum 2 anteriorly with two large subcircular spots of golden decumbent setae, separated by 0.86 × their diameter. Apical fringe of metasomal tergum 2 composed of golden setae. Metasomal tergum 3 with band of dense golden decumbent setae. Pygidial plate wide, carinated laterally, longitudinally striate on basal half and mostly smooth in apical half.

Material examined. CHINA: Hunan, Mangshan National Nature Reserve, 1–6 . X.2004, 2 ♂, Xu Zai-fu, No. 2016000142, No. 2016000143 (SCAU); Guangdong, Loh Fan Shan, Big pool, 2600' [800 m], 5 . VIII.1933, 1 ♀, E.R. Tinkham, En-105570 (SYSM); same place, 11. X.1935, 1 ♀, E.R. Tinkham, En-105659 (SYSM); Dulong Mountaint, 16. VII.1994, 1 ♀, ChonZhen Guang-jian (SYSM); Liuxihe National Forest Park, YPT, 16. VII.2003, 1 ♂, Bin Xiao, No. 201301795 (SCAU); Xiwanggu, VIII.2008, 1 ♀, 2013000765, Xu Zai-fu (SCAU); Nanling National Nature Reserve, 22–24. VII.2010, 1 ♂, Xu Zai-fu, 2013000397 (SCAU); same place, 8–17. VIII.2010, 3 ♀, 3♂, Chen Hua-yan, Chen Hui-ting, No. 2013000835, 2013000843, 2013000848, 2015000437, 2016000022, 2016000023 (SCAU); same place, 21–25. IV.2011, 1 ♀, Chen Hua-yan, No. 2015000270 (SCAU); same place, 23. VII.2003, 1 ♀, Liu Jing-xian, No. 2015000239 (SCAU); same place, 9–18. VII.2004, 4 ♀, Xu Zai-fu, Ma Juanjuan, No. 2015000116, 2015000058, 215000064, 215000117 (SCAU); same place, 4–6. VIII.2004, 1 ♀, Liu Jing- xian, No. 2015000509; same place, 7–17. VII.2008, 2 ♀, Xu Zai-fu, No. 2015000102, 2015000379 (SCAU); Nankun Mountain, 2.VII–3. VIII.2005, 3 ♀, Xu Zai-fu, No. 2 0 15000361, 2015000535, 2015000365 (SCAU); same place, 17–18. VIII.2011, 1 ♀, Xu Zai-fu, No. 201 5000298 (SCAU); same place, 28–31. V.2012, 1 ♀, Xu Zai-fu, No. 2016000272 (SCAU); Simen Forest Park, 25. IV.2010, 1 ♀, Xu Zai-fu, No. 2015000403 (SCAU); Yunnan, Yunnan ru, West Hills, 6500–7500' [1990–2300 m], 21–22 . VIII.1934, 1 ♂, E.R. Tinkham, En-105470 (SYSM); Hainan, Jiangfengling, 26. III.1984, 1 ♀, Liang Shao-ying ( SYSM); same place, 12–15 . VII.2006, 1 ♀, Liu Jing-xian, No. 2015000386 (SCAU); same place, 13. VII.2013, 1 ♀, Xu Zai-fu, No. 2016000082 (SCAU).

Redescription. Male. Body length 12.4–15.1 mm. Forewing length 11.5–14.0 mm.

Head. Frons, vertex and gena densely and coarsely punctate. Mandible bidentate apically, with large subbasal tooth beneath. Clypeus with distinct concave area; anterior border with emargination. Scape with strong carina beneath. Flagellomere 1 0.88–0.92 × flagellomere length 2. POL:OOL:OL:DO=21:40:13:24.

Mesosoma . Pronotum, mesoscutum, and mesoscutellum densely and coarsely punctate. Mesoscutum with distinct notauli, parapsidal furrows and median line. Notauli almost touching anterior margin of mesoscutum. Parapsidal furrows more inconspicuous and shorter than notauli, half length of mesoscutum. Tegula smooth and shiny, curved posteriorly. Mesoscutellum evenly gibbous. Mesopleuron densely and coarsely punctate. Metapleuron with upper part very finely punctate, lower part densely and coarsely punctate. Meso- and metatibiae without preapical dorsal or lateral spines. Pro-, meso- and metatibiae with strong tibial spurs. Propodeum conspicuously rugose dorsally, densely and coarsely punctate posteriorly and laterally. Forewing with first submarginal cell large, 0.98 × marginal cell length. Distance between origin of RS1 on SC and pterostigma 0.50–0.62 × pterostigma length.

Metasoma. Metasoma moderately punctate. Terga 1–2 with smooth median line. Sternum 1 with strong longitudinal median carina anteriorly; median carina 0.50 × metasomal sternum 1 length in profile; distinctly humped posteriorly. Sternum 2 with longitudinal median carina anteriorly; median carina 0.33 × metasomal sternum 2 length in profile. Felt line on metasomal tergum 2 3.8–4.0 × that on metasomal sternum 2. Metasomal terga 1–7 with narrow shiny, smooth and impunctate longitudinal area medially. Sternum 8 simple, without ridge or tubercle.

Coloration and pubescence. Body black. Tegula yellowish-brown. Wings subhyaline and brownish. Legs black. Mandible, scape, frons, gena, vertex with yellowish-brown oblique setae. Pronotum and mesopleuron with yellowish-brown decumbent setae (posterior margin of pronotum densely fringed). Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with yellowish-brown oblique setae. Mesoscutellum and metanotum with yellowish-brown erect setae. Legs with yellowish-brown oblique setae; setae on tibia and tarsus denser than that on femur. Propodeum with dense yellowish-brown oblique setae. Metasomal segment 1 with yellowish-brown oblique setae, densely fringed posteriorly. Metasomal tergum 2 posteriorly with wide fascia of dense golden decumbent setae. Metasomal tergum 3 with band of dense golden decumbent setae. Sterna 2–3 with yellowish oblique setae. Metasomal segment 4 with mixed brown and black oblique setae. Metasomal segments 5–7 with oblique black setae.

FEMALE (hitherto unknown). Body length 9.8–11.3 mm. Ratio of head width and mesosoma width 35:33. Ratio of mesosoma length to its width 47:33.

Head. Frons, vertex, gena densely and coarsely punctate. Mandible bidentate, upper tooth small and inconspicuous. Clypeus concave, smooth and shiny, dorsal transverse clypeal carina with the two sublateral tubercles larger than basal median tubercle. Genal carina well developed anterad with strong tubercle on hypostomal carina. Flagellomere 1 length 1.33 × its apical width, 1.54 × flagellomere 2 length, which is 0.81 × as long as wide.

Mesosoma . Dorsum of mesosoma densely and coarsely punctate. Ratio of width of humeral angle, widest point of dorsum, anterior spiracle, propodeal spiracle and widest point of propodeum 23:26:26:23:26. Scutellar scale width 0.64 × distance between scutellar scale and inner border of posterior spiracle; two prescutellar scales well developed. Protibia without spines, meso- and metatibia with two rows of five spines. Metatibio-tarsal ratio 12.0:4.0:3.0:2.2:1.8:2.0.

Metasoma. Moderately punctate. Sternum 1 with median carina 0.85 × metasomal sternum 1 length in profile, carina divided by emargination into small anterior and much larger posterior parts. Sternum 2 with longitudinal median carina anteriorly; median carina 0.40 × metasomal sternum 2 length in profile. Metasomal tergum 2 with felt line. Pygidial plate wide, carinated laterally, longitudinally striate on basal half and mostly smooth in apical half.

Coloration and pubescence. Head black. Antenna black, with scape, pedicel and flagellomere 1 ferruginous, ventral side of flagellomeres 2–9 medially ferruginous. Mandible ferruginous, with tooth blackish-brown. Mesosoma and legs ferruginous. Metasoma black. Scape, clypeus, and mandible with yellowish-brown oblique setae. Frons, vertex, and gena with yellowish-brown oblique setae, mixed with sparse blackish-brown erect setae. Dorsum of mesosoma with yellowish-brown oblique setae. Mesopleuron with whitish short pubescence. Propodeum laterally with whitish short pubescence. Propodeum posteriorly with yellowish-brown oblique setae. Metasomal segment 1 with blackish-brown oblique setae. Metasomal segment 2 with blackish-brown oblique setae, and fringe of golden setae posterad. Metasomal tergum 2 anteriorly with two large subcircular spots of golden decumbent setae, separated by 0.86 × their diameter. Metasomal tergum 3 with non-interrupted band of golden decumbent setae. Metasomal segments 4–5 with oblique black setae.

Distribution. China (Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Guangdong, Yunnan, Hainan).

Remarks. Three males and three females of Zavatilla flavotegulata were collected between August 8 –17.2010 in Nanling National Nature Reserve (Guangdong, China), additional males and females were also discovered together in other localities. Based on overlapping distributions and similarity to Z. gutrunae in both sexes, we regard these males and females as the opposite sexes of the same species. There is no direct evidence (a pair collected in copula) to support the sex correspondence.

Figures

FIGURES 23–24. 23. Zavatilla flavotegulata, ♂, Nanling, habitus, lateral view. 24. Z. xuzaifui sp. nov., ♂, holotype, habitus, lateral view. (Photos Qi Yue).

FIGURES 25–30. Zavatilla flavotegulata, ♂, Nanling. 25. Antenna; 26. Mandible; 27. Head, anterior view; 28, 29. Head and mesosoma (28, lateral view, 29, dorsal view); 30. Propodeum, dorsal view. (Photos H.-t. Zhou).

FIGURES 37–40. Zavatilla flavotegulata, ♂, Nanling. 37. Forewing; 38. Hind wing; 39. Metasoma, dorsal view; 40. Metasoma, lateral view. (Photos H.-t. Zhou).

FIGURES 46–54. Zavatilla, ♂. 46–48. Z. gutrunae; 49–51. Z. flavotegulata, Nanling; 52–54. Z. xuzaifui sp. nov., holotype. 46, 49, 52. Genitalia, dorsal view; 47. Scape; 50, 53. Genitalia, lateral view; 48, 51, 54. Genitalia, ventral view. (Photos H.-t. Zhou).

FIGURES 55–60. Zavatilla flavotegulata, ♀, Nanling. 55. Antenna; 56. Clypeus and mandibles; 57. Head, frontal view; 58. Head and mesosoma, dorsal view; 59. Metasoma, dorsal view; 60.Pygidial plate. (Photos H.-t. Zhou).

FIGURES 61–70. Zavatilla, ♀. 61, 65. Z. gutrunae; 62, 66, 70. Z. xuzaifui sp. nov.; 63, 67. Z. flavotegulata; 64, 68, 69. Z. nepalensis sp. nov. 61–68. Habitus (61–64, dorsal view; 65–68, lateral view. 69, 70. Pygidial plate. (Photos K. Williams, H.-t. Zhou).