Aptostichus miwok Bond, 2008

Bond, Jason E., 2012, Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae), ZooKeys 252, pp. 1-209 : 46-48

Aptostichus miwok Bond, 2008 Figures 98-105Map 8, 9

Aptostichus miwok Bond, 2008: 646. Female holotype (MY301; EU69907) from California, Humboldt Co., Clam Beach Co. Park, just S Crannell Rd exit on Clam Beach Dr, near Little River, 41.01333, -124.10923 1, elev. 3m, coll., J. Bond & M. Hedin 13.i.02 in CAS, examined; male paratype (AP149) from Farallon Island, San Francisco Co., California, in CAS, examined).

Diagnosis.

Based on morphological features alone (Figs 98-103) this species can be difficult to diagnose from geographically proximate sibling species, Aptostichus stanfordianus , Aptostichus angelinajolieae , and Aptostichus stephencolberti but can be distinguished on the basis of a set of unique mtDNA nucleotide substitutions (see Bond and Stockman 2008). The species is restricted in distribution to the coastal dune habitats of Marin, Sonoma, Mendocino, Humboldt, and Del Norte Counties (California). Individuals of Aptostichus stanfordianus , found only in inland habitats,are much darker in coloration whereas Aptostichus miwok specimens are much lighter (Figs 104, 105).

Description.

Described by Bond (2008).

Material examined.

United States: California: Del Norte Co.: Smith River St Park, Beach 1km W Kellogg Rd from Lower Lake Rd, 41.8695, -124.2073 1, 0m, J Bond, M Hedin 14.i.02 [MY290-93, 95, 3♀ 2juv, AUMNH]; Humboldt Co.: ~3.2km W Arcata, Lanphere-Christensen Dune Preserve, 40.8823, -124.1478 3, 3m, E Schlinger 26.vii.75 [AP522, 1♀, CAS]; Clam Beach Co Park, just S Crannell Rd exit on Clam Beach Dr, near Little River, 41.0133, -124.1092 1, 3m, J Bond, M Hedin 13.i.02 [MY300-04, 5♀, AUMNH]; S Spit Humboldt Bay, 40.6979, -124.2725 1, 0m, M Hedin, M Lowder 22.vi.00 [MY702-04, 3♀, AUMNH]; S Spit Humboldt Bay, S Eureka, 40.6992, -124.2738 1, 3m, M Hedin, R Keith, S Thomas, J Starrett 14.iii.06 [MY3542-46, 4♀, 1juv, AUMNH]; Trinidad, 41.0571, -124.1419 5, 8m, B Malkin 29.v.69 [AP266, 1♀, AMNH]; Hwy 96, N of Willow Creek, 41.0096, -123.6455 1, 210m, J Bond, A Stockman, D Beamer 15.iii.05 [MY3052, 1juv, AUMNH]; Marin Co.: Dillon St Beach, 38.2494, -122.9675 1, 3m, J Bond 14.v.97 [AP763, 764, 793, 805, 4juv, AUMNH]; N Beach, P Reyes Natl Seashore, 38.0011, -122.9973 5, 30m, E Rogers, 13.v.72 [AP465, 1♀, SCW]; E Schlinger 14.vi.75 [AP469, 1♀, CAS]; C Griswold 31.iii.75 [AP476, 1♀, CAS]; [AP479, 1♀, AMNH]; C Griswold 16.viii.81 [AP499, 1♀, CAS]; H Ewing 14.v.71 [AP1276, 1juv, CAS]; Pt Reyes Natl Seashore, 38.0262, -122.8831 3, 3m, J Cate 12.v.73 [AP1274, 1juv, CAS]; Dillon Beach, 38.2499, -122.9676 2, 1♂, A Stockman, P Marek 30.i.06 [MY3528, 1juv, AUMNH]; Pt Reyes Natl Seashore Kehoe Beach, 38.1553, -122.9483 1, 9m, A Stockman, P Marek 30.i.06 [MY3524-27, 1♀ 1♂ 3juv, AUMNH]; Pt Reyes Natl Seashore, Limantour Beach, 38.0262, -122.8831 1, 3m, A Stockman, P Marek 30.i.06 [MY3521-23, 2♀, 1 juv, AUMNH]; Mendocino Co.: 6.4km N Ft Bragg, Inglenook Fen area, 39.5304, -123.7712 3, 12m, L Keram 11.iv.73 [AP520, 1♀, CAS]; E Schlinger 17.vi.73 [AP521, 1♀, CAS]; Hwy 1, just S Ten Mile River crossing, N Ingelnook, dunefield W hwy, 39.5476, -123.7631 1, 5m, M Hedin, J Starrett 13.iii.06 [MY3538-41, 3♀ 1juv, AUMNH]; Inglenook Dunes, 39.5304, -123.7712 3, 10m, R Jackson 1.xi.74 [AP1269, 1♂, CAS], 19.iv.75 [AP1270, 1♂, CAS]; E Schlinger 30.iv.73 [AP1271, 1juv, CAS], 22.vii.72 [AP1272, 3juv, CAS]; N Inglenook Sand Dunes, 39.5422, -123.7618 1, 37m, J Bond, A Stockman, D Beamer 14.iii.05 [MY3049, 1juv, AUMNH]; San Francisco Co.: Petrel Bluff, 37.6978, -123.0017 7, 3m, M Ramirez 31.viii.86 [AP498, 5♀, 2juv, CAS]; SE Farallon Island, 37.6978, -123.0024 4, 7m, M Ramirez 1.ix.86 [AP438, 5♂, CAS], 2.ix.86 [AP475, 482, 149, 1♂ 2♀, CAS; AP491, 1juv, AMNH], 2.ix.88 [AP492, 2♀, AMNH], 1.ix.88 [AP007, 1♀, CAS], 30.viii.88 [AP189, 8♀, AMNH]; P Anderson 20.xii.56 [AP481, 1♀, 2juv, AMNH]; W Azevedo 12.iv.70 [AP494, 3♀, AMNH]; D Spadoni 10.iii.69 [AP505, 1♀ 1♂ 1juv, CAS]; D Hanna 6.v.49 [AP483, 2juv, AMNH]; H Leech 18.xi.49 [AP484, 6juv, AMNH]; W Hazeltine 23.x.51 [AP486, 2juv, AMNH]; H Keifer 15.x.26 [AP487, 1juv, AMNH]; E Bixford 17.iv.29 [AP502, 1♀, AMNH]; Sonoma Co.: Bodega Bay Dunes, 38.3137, -123.0391 3, 1m, R Robertson 16.ix.92 [AP493, 1♂, CAS]; Sonoma Coast St Beach, Bodega Dunes, 38.3389, -123.06149 1, 47m, A Stockman, P Marek 30.i.06 [MY3529-32, 4juv, AUMNH].

Variation, males (4). Cl 4.50-5.94, 5.35 ± 0.30; Cw 4.25-5.00, 4.65 ± 0.18; STRl 2.48-3.04, 2.78 ± 0.13; STRw 2.33-2.73, 2.52 ± 0.08; LBw 0.85-0.87, 0.86 ± 0.01; LBl 0.43-0.60, 0.50 ± 0.04; leg I: 4.10-5.30, 4.76 ± 0.26; 2.48-3.50, 3.10 ± 0.23; 2.36-3.30, 3.00 ± 0.22; 1.52-2.00, 1.81 ± 0.11; 1.55-2.05, 1.87 ± 0.11; leg IV: 3.80-5.05, 4.44 ± 0.26; 2.00-2.50, 2.25 ± 0.1; PTl 1.85-2.38, 2.21 ± 0.13; PTw 0.71-0.85, 0.79 ± 0.03; Bl 0.85-1.17, 1.04 ± 0.07; TSp 4-6, 4.75 ± 0.48; TSr 1-3, 2.25 ± 0.48; TSrd 4-5, 4.75 ± 0.25.

Variation, females (5). Cl 6.06-7.00, 6.51 ± 0.19; Cw 5.69-6.40, 6.01 ± 0.14; STRl 3.32-4.00, 3.69 ± 0.12; STRw 3.29-3.75, 3.50 ± 0.10; LBw 1.11-1.36, 1.24 ± 0.05; LBl 0.68-0.94, 0.81 ± 0.05; Leg I: 13.00-16.15, 14.30 ± 0.59; ANTd 5-8, 6.80 ± 0.49; PTLs 16-25, 21.80 ± 1.59; TBs 3-6, 5.20 ± 0.58.

GenBank accessions.

16S-tRNAval-12S: EU569901-EU569910, EU569919-EU569921, EU569922, EU569927-EU569929, EU570022, EU570035, JX103340-JX103353; 18S (partial)-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2: EU569893, EU569894.

Distribution and natural history.

Aptostichus miwok is distributed throughout the geographically disjunct coastal dune habitats of Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino, Sonoma, Marin, and San Francisco counties of central and northern California (Map 8). A single inland specimen (Humboldt) is placed with this species on the basis of the molecular data. The DM for Aptostichus miwok (Map 9) corresponds closely to the known occurrences with the largest areas of high probability of occurrence in the more northern extent of the species’ distribution. The model indicates that inland localities may be suitable despite the paucity of known inland populations. The habitat requirements and general burrow structure is very similar to that described for Aptostichus stephencolberti . All populations are located in the coastal dune habitat. Males have been collected in the months of September, November, January, March, and April.

Conservation status.

Aptostichus miwok is abundant and widespread across its distribution and thus is likely classified as secure.

Species concept applied.

Cohesion. Aptostichus miwok is considered to be ecological non-interchangeable from other closely related lineages–it is restricted to coastal dune habitat and has psammophilic features (e.g., lighter coloration).

Remarks.

The recognition of Aptostichus miwok by Bond and Stockman (2008) as a species renders one of the Aptostichus stanfordianus lineages paraphyletic (Fig. 28). While this is somewhat problematic, I have chosen to uphold this decision because of the adaptive diversity contained within the nominal Aptostichus miwok lineage and apparent lack of both genetic and ecological interchangeability between this lineage and Aptostichus stanfordianus .