Tulostoma shaihuludii Finy, Jeppson, L. Albert, Oelvedi , D.G. Knapp & Dima, 2023

Finy, Peter, Jeppson, Mikael, Knapp, Daniel G., Papp, Viktor, Albert, Laszlo, Oelvedi, Istvan, Boka, Karoly, Varga, Dora, Kovacs, Gabor M. & Dima, Balint, 2023, Exploring diversity within the genus Tulostoma (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) in the Pannonian sandy steppe: four fascinating novel species from Hungary, MycoKeys 100, pp. 153-170 : 153

Tulostoma shaihuludii Finy, Jeppson, L. Albert, Oelvedi, D.G. Knapp & Dima sp. nov.

Fig. 6

Holotype.

Hungary, Bács-Kiskun, Tázlár, open sandy grassland, 11 Dec 2016, P. Finy, FP-2016-12-11 (BP112643, isotype GB). GenBank: ITS OR722637, LSUOR722657, tef1 OR707019.

Etymology.

The epithet refers to its being reminiscent of the sandworm Shai-Hulud of the fictional planet Arrakis from the science fiction novel series Dune by Frank Herbert.

Description.

Spore-sac subglobose, often flattened to depressed, 7-18 mm, relatively small compared to the size of the stem. Exoperidium hyphal, encrusting sand at the base of the spore-sac. Endoperidium white or greyish-white, pitted from detached sand grains. Mouth fimbriate, somewhat prominent. Socket developed, slightly separated from the stem. The spore-sac rarely detaches from the stem. Stem 30-70 × 3-6 mm, yellowish-brown to orange brown or reddish-brown, with age darkening, longitudinally furrowed, scaly, often curved, at the base slightly bulbous, with a conspicuous, but fragile pseudorhiza. Gleba ferruginous-cinnamon-brown. Capillitium 3.5-7 µm in diameter with walls 0.3-3.2 µm in diameter, mostly straight, sparsely branched, inner wall often undulating. Septa not or slightly widened. Abundant, thin-walled, septate capillitium hyphae present amongst normal capillitium threads. Basidiospores globose, sometimes flattened, 4.1-5.2 × 3.5-4.7 µm (av. 4.1 × 4.6 µm), finely asperulate, ornamentation not always visible under LM. SEM photos show fine warts arranged in lines forming a dense network.

Habitat and distribution.

Occurs in dry and loose calcareous, open sandy habitats of the Festucetum vaginatae natural grasslands. It mainly grows solitary, deeply rooted in the sand in spots with bare sand. It is currently known only from the sandy areas of Central Hungary.

Notes.

Tulostoma shaihuludii is similar in stature to T. fimbriatum and T. winterhoffii , but can be easily distinguished by its habitat (open sand) and its microcharacters, particularly the spore wall ornamentation. It belongs to Clade 2 according to Jeppson et al. (2017) and it forms a sister clade of Tulostoma cf. fimbriatum (MJ8701 as " T. sp2" in Jeppson et al. (2017)) from which it differs in the ITS region by 45 substitution and indel positions, which is a similarity of 93%. The intraspecific genetic variability of T. shaihuludii is low (0-3 substitution and indels positions).

Specimens examined.

Hungary, Bács-Kiskun, Fülöpháza, Fülöpházi homokbuckák, sand steppe vegetation, 11 Apr 2006, J. Jeppson, M. Jeppson, MJ7762 (GB); Ibidem, open sandy grassland, 1 Dec 2020, P. Finy, I. Ölvedi, FP- 2020-12-01-3 (ELTE); Orgovány, open sandy grassland, 9 Dec 2017, P. Finy, FP- 2017-12-09 (ELTE); Pirtó, open sandy grassland, 27 Dec 2020, P. Finy, L. Albert, FP- 2020-12-27 (ELTE) .

Morphologically examined specimens.

Hungary, Bács-Kiskun, Bócsa, open sandy grassland, 7 Dec 2019, P. Finy, FP-2019-12-07 (herb. Finy); Ibidem, open sandy grassland, 24 Jan 2021, P. Finy, L. Albert, I. Ölvedi, FP-2021-01-24 (herb. Finy), AL-2021-01-24 (herb. Albert); Ibidem, open sandy grassland, 4 Dec 2021, P. Finy, I. Ölvedi, FP-2021-12-04 (herb. Finy); Ibidem, open sandy grassland, 3 Dec 2022, P. Finy, FP-2022-12-03 (herb. Finy); Fülöpháza, open sandy grassland, 2 Dec 2018, P. Finy, FP-2018-12-02 (herb. Finy); Ibidem, open sandy grassland, 16 Jan 2022, P. Finy, I. Ölvedi, FP-2022-01-16 (herb. Finy); Izsák (Soltszentimre), open sandy grassland, 4 Feb 2016, P. Finy, FP-2016-02-04 (herb. Finy); Ibidem, open sandy grassland, 14 Dec 2016, P. Finy, FP-2016-12-14 (herb. Finy); Ibidem, open sandy grassland, 17 Jan 2019, P. Finy, FP-2019-01-17 (herb. Finy); Ibidem, open sandy grassland, 16 Dec 2020, P. Finy, FP-2020-12-16-1 (herb. Finy); Kéleshalom, open sandy grassland, 6 Dec 2015, P. Finy, FP20151206 (herb. Finy); Ibidem, open sandy grassland, 2 Jan 2022, P. Finy, I. Ölvedi, FP-2022-01-02-3 (herb. Finy); Kiskunhalas, open sandy grassland, 22 Dec 2019, P. Finy, FP-2019-12-22 (herb. Finy); Ibidem, open sandy grassland, 5 Jan 2023, P. Finy, I. Ölvedi, FP-2023-01-05 (herb. Finy); Kunbaracs, open sandy grassland, 5 Feb 2022, P. Finy, I. Ölvedi, FP-2022-02-05 (herb. Finy); Orgovány, open sandy grassland, 13 Aug 2017, P. Finy, FP-2017-08-13 (herb. Finy); Ibidem, open sandy grassland, 18 Feb 2021, P. Finy, I. Ölvedi, FP-2021-02-18 (herb. Finy); Pirtó, open sandy grassland, 16 Jan 2016, P. Finy, FP-2016-01-16 (herb. Finy); Tázlár, open sandy grassland, 11 Dec 2016, P. Finy, FP-2016-12-11 (herb. Finy); Pest, Örkény, open sandy grassland, 12 Jan 2022, I. Ölvedi, OP-2022-01-12 (herb. Ölvedi); Tatárszentgyörgy, open sandy grassland, 1 Jan 2022, I. Ölvedi, OP-2022-01-01 (herb. Ölvedi); Ibidem, open sandy grassland, 10 Dec 2022, P. Finy, FP-2022-12-10 (herb. Finy); Ibidem, open sandy grassland, 17 Dec 2022, I. Ölvedi, OP-2022-12-17 (herb. Ölvedi); Tolna, Paks, open sandy grassland, 4 Feb 2018, P. Finy, FP-2018-02-04 (herb. Finy); Ibidem, open sandy grassland, 22 Jan 2021, P. Finy, FP-2021-01-22 (herb. Finy); Ibidem, open sandy grassland, 9 Jan 2022, I. Ölvedi, P. Finy, OP-2022-01-09 (herb. Ölvedi); Ibidem, open sandy grassland, 27 Feb 2022, P. Finy, FP-2022-02-27 (herb. Finy).

Figures

Figure 6. Tulostoma shaihuludii: a FP- 2020 - 12 - 01 - 3, Fueloephaza b, d-g FP- 2016 - 12 - 11 (BP 112643, holotype), Tazlar c AL- 2021 - 01 - 24, Bocsa h FP- 2017 - 12 - 09, Orgovany a-c basidiocarps d, e basidiospores f, g capillitium with basidiospores h thin-walled, septate capillitium hyphae. Scale bars: 1 µm (d); 10 µm (e); 20 µm (f-h). Photos: a, b, e-h P. Finy c L. Albert d K. Boka.