Heteromastus filiformis ( Claparede , 1864)

Ribeiro, Rannyele Passos, Alves, Paulo Ricardo, Almeida, Zafira da Silva de & Ruta, Christine, 2018, A new species of Paraonis and an annotated checklist of polychaetes from mangroves of the Brazilian Amazon Coast (Annelida, Paraonidae), ZooKeys 740, pp. 1-34 : 17-18

Heteromastus filiformis ( Claparede, 1864) Fig. 11C

Type locality.

Port-Vendres, France (42°30'N, 3°07'E; estimated geolocation).

Material examined.

São Luís, 02°35'56"S, 44°21'11.8"W: one specimen, incomplete, 6 September 2011 (NPM-Pol 070); two specimens, 27 January 2011 (NPM-Pol 852); four specimens, 18 December 2011 (NPM-Pol 856); one specimen, 18 March 2012 (NPM-Pol 857); complete and incomplete specimens.

Distribution.

Pacific Ocean: New Zealand, USA, Costa Rica. Indian Ocean: Red Sea, Mozambique. Atlantic Ocean: Ireland, UK, Belgium, France, Mediterranean Sea, South Africa, USA, Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Brazil (states of Pará, Maranhão, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, see Suppl. material 1).

Remarks.

Heteromastus filiformis from São Marcos Bay share the same characters of the specimens described by Day (1967) and Dean (2001) such as thoracic region with 12 segments, the first achaetous; thoracic hooks with long hood and about six denticles above the main tooth; abdominal hooks narrow and three to four denticles above the main tooth, gills in subsequent medial segments. The specimens of H. filiformis examined in this study are very similar to H. similis Southern, 1921. One of the main differences between those species is the presence of gills processes and the shape of neuropodial hooks in H. filiformis . According to Hartman (1947), Heteromastus similis is considered an inhabitant of freshwater areas and H. filiformis is typical of marine environments. Both species have distribution in estuarine environments such as mangroves from Brazil ( Silva et al. 2011). In the Caribbean Sea, the records are also in estuarine areas and especially in the muddy intertidal areas of the Caribbean Sea ( Gobin 1990). Both species seems to be distributed worldwide, independent of environmental salinity, but descriptions based on fewer characters can be related to several records around the world.