Lucanus fortunei Saunders, 1854

Zhan, Zhihong & Young, Daniel K., 2023, A taxonomic assessment and redefinition of the Lucanus fortunei species group in China (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae), Zoological Systematics 48 (4), pp. 279-360 : 294-296

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11865/zs.2023401
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:46AA3E9C-C065-415D-946B-0813AF169B14
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A51987E0-7F5B-FF8D-FF02-AD08FD19FD2D
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Lucanus fortunei Saunders, 1854
status

Treatment

Lucanus fortunei Saunders, 1854 View in CoL ( Figs 30–37 View Figures 30–37 , 249 View Figures 244–259 , 281 View Figures 276–307 , 311 View Figures 308–323 , 339 View Figures 336–363 , 376–378 View Figures 364–387 , 461 View Figures 457–466 )

Lucanus fortunei Saunders, 1854: 46 View in CoL , plate 3, figs 1–2; Planet, 1902: 86, figs 45–46; Didier & Séguy, 1952: plate 18, figs 1–10; Bomans,

1989: 4; Mizunuma & Nagai, 1994: 216, plate 16, figs 112-1–5; Zilioli, 1998: figs 5, 13; Huang & Chen, 2010: 50, plate 34, figs 1–

10.

Lucanus laevigatus Didier, 1931: 225 View in CoL , fig. 2; Arrow, 1943: 134; Araya, 2001: 17, figs 55–56.

Lucanus swinhoei continentalis View in CoL : Zilioli, 1999: 89, fig. 5 (Possibly misidentification).

Material examined. [3♂]: CHINA: Anhui Province, Xianxia town, Xian-Xia // Village, Shilongtou // [仙Ṙü, 仙 Ṙ 村, 石ËĿ]; Alt. 750m; 08 July. 2018 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 30.4109°N; 119.2842°E Adult // collected on host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: Lucanus // fortunei // Saunders ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [5♂]: CHINA: Zhejiang Province, Lishui City, Yunhe County, Zhang-Jia-Di // Village, Jingning // [云和县, 张ẋ地, D Ṫ]; Alt. 900m; 10 July. 2019 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 27.9760°N; 119.3745°E Adult // collected on crown of host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: Lucanus // fortunei // Saunders ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [5♂]: CHINA: Fujian Province, Sanming City, Dehua County // Jiu-Xian-Shan Mt., // [德化县, 九仙山]; Alt. 1000m; 15 July. 2020 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 25.6977°N; 118.1152°E Adult // collected on crown of host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: Lucanus // fortunei // Saunders ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [1♀]: CHINA: Zhejiang Province, Lishui City, Yunhe County, Zhang-Jia-Di // Village, Jingning // [云和县, 张ẋ地, D Ṫ]; Alt. 900m; 10 July. 2019 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 27.9760°N; 119.3745°E Adult // collected on crown of host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: Lucanus // fortunei // Saunders ♀ // det. Z. Zhan.

Body length 24.3–57.4 mm (♂); 23.5 mm (♀).

Description. Major male. Body brownish to reddish, length of head, including mandibles, 1.4× width of pronotum and elytra. Head brownish to reddish; mandibles incurved along basal 1/3, straight at middle and apical 1/3; major inner mandibular tooth located at 3/4 of mandibular length, triangular protruding forward and not inflated on either side, 5–6 small inner mandibular teeth located below and above major inner mandibular tooth; apical mandibular forks strongly developed, widely open from front, upper branches of apical fork subequal in length to those of lower apical fork branches; lateral ridges of head well rounded, evenly convex at end of head; clypeolabrum weakly developed, trapezoidal, labrum triangular, single-pointed along midlength. Pronotum brownish to reddish; straight along apex and basal 1/3, weakly rounded at midlength; width 0.5–0.6× that of head and mandibles; prothoracic tibiae reddish, bearing 4–5 spines from apex to midlength; mesothoracic tibiae yellowish to reddish, bearing 2–3 spines at midlength; metathoracic tibiae yellowish to reddish, bearing two spines at basal 1/3. Elytra reddish, usually significantly brighter than head and pronotum; oval, widest at apical 1/3, strongly narrow at basal 1/3. Median male as major male except: head with major inner mandibular tooth single-pointed, weakly triangular pointing forward;>5 small inner mandibular teeth located below and above major tooth, upper denticles always forming a gap between last small tooth and major tooth. Minor male as major and median males except: head with major inner mandibular tooth weakly developed to absent, if developed, single-pointed and not triangular; <5 small inner mandibular teeth located below and above major tooth, upper denticles always forming a gap between last small tooth and major tooth. Genitalia. Ventral plate of 9th abdominal segment constricted before caudal expansion; basal piece usually well defined, 0.3–0.4× length of entire aedeagus; apical flagellum enlarged, flagellum 1.3–1.4× length of aedeagus; aedeagus slender, incurved at basal 1/3, triangular distally.

Female. Body dark brownish to black, oval, usually smaller than major and median males, subequal in length or larger than minor male. Head brownish to black; surface punctate; mandibles incurved along basal 1/3 and apical 1/3; mandibular tooth weakly developed, asymmetrical; right mandibular tooth triangular; left mandibular tooth smooth; preocular and postocular margins weakly developed, not forming acute angle or protruding apically; clypeolabrum weakly developed, triangular, single-pointed at middle. Pronotum brownish to black; obscurely punctate; prothoracic tibiae reddish, bearing four spines from apex to midlength; distal two spines strongly developed; prothoracic tibiae 1.2–1.4× width of mesothoracic and metathoracic tibiae; mesothoracic tibiae reddish or brownish, bearing 1–2 spines at midlength; metathoracic tibiae reddish to brownish, bearing 1–2 spines along basal 1/3. Elytra brownish, impunctate, concolorous with head and pronotum; oval, widest along apical 1/3, strongly narrow along basal 1/3.

Distribution. China (Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan) (Huang & Chen, 2010; Fujita, 2010).

Phenology. Adults of L. fortunei have been collected from late June to mid-July. According to Fujita (2010), specimens of L. fortunei from Sichuan could be collected during early June. However, such collecting dates were not confirmed during this study.

Natural history. The typical host plant of L. fortunei is Cyclobalanopsis glauca ; adults usually are found at heights around 5– 9 m. Adult longevity is 10–15 days. There is no published association of larvae and adults. Current rearing records have, however, been recorded by stag beetle amateurs. According to their descriptions, larvae of L. fortunei require low temperature (stable 18°C) for their first and second instars. The final larval instar requires stable temperatures around 20– 21°C. The entire larval development is usually 1–1.2 years.

Collecting methods. Hand and net-trap collected.