Lucanus fairmairei Planet, 1897

Zhan, Zhihong & Young, Daniel K., 2023, A taxonomic assessment and redefinition of the Lucanus fortunei species group in China (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae), Zoological Systematics 48 (4), pp. 279-360 : 315-317

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11865/zs.2023401
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:46AA3E9C-C065-415D-946B-0813AF169B14
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A51987E0-7F70-FFBA-FF02-AD0FFCFAFD2D
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Lucanus fairmairei Planet, 1897
status

Treatment

Lucanus fairmairei Planet, 1897 View in CoL ( Figs 110–117 View Figures 110–117 , 259 View Figures 244–259 , 291 View Figures 276–307 , 321 View Figures 308–323 , 349 View Figures 336–363 , 406–408 View Figures 388–411 , 468 View Figures 467–476 )

Lucanus fairmairei Planet, 1897: 265 View in CoL ; Planet, 1902: 80–83, figs 43; Huang & Chen, 2010: 68–72.

Lucanus szetschuanicus View in CoL : Mizunuma & Nagai, 1994: 216, plate 16, figs 110-1–4 (Dubious identification).

Material examined. [5♂]: CHINA: Sichuan Province, Liangshan Region // Da-Liang-Shan // [dz山彝Dzss治州, kdz 山]; Alt. 1750m; May 29. 2022 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 27.8848°N; 102.2622°E Adult // collected on host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: Lucanus // fairmairei // Planet ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [5♂]: CHINA: Sichuan Province, Yaan City, Lu-Shan County // Liang-Shui-Jing // [Wḱ市, *山县, dz水井]; Alt. 1700m; May 24. 2021 // Rongchuan Tao leg.; [2nd label]: 30.1479°N; 102.9320°E Adult // collected by light-trap //; [3rd label]: Lucanus // fairmairei // Planet ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [5♂]: CHINA: Sichuan Province, Yaan City, Lu-Shan County // Liang-Shui-Jing // [W ḱ市, *山县, dz水井]; Alt. 1700m; May 31. 2022 // Rongchuan Tao leg.; [2nd label]: 30.1479°N; 102.9320°E Adult // collected by light-trap //; [3rd label]: Lucanus // fairmairei // Planet ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [5♂]: CHINA: Chongqing, Nanchuan Dist., // Jin-Fo-Shan Mt., // [Ψ庆市, ṙDz山]; Alt. 1700m; 30 June. 2019 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 29.0608°N; 107.1648°E Adult // Light-trap collected; [3rd label]: Lucanus // fairmairei // Planet ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [5♂]: CHINA: Guizhou Province, Tongren City, Jiangkou County // Fan-Jing-Shan Mt., // [Ḿ仁市, 江口县, 梵õ山]; Alt. 1750m; 20 June. 2017 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 27.8861°N; 108.7161°E Adult // Light-trap collected; [3rd label]: Lucanus // fairmairei // Planet ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [3♀]: CHINA: Sichuan Province, Yaan City, Lu-Shan County // Liang-Shui-Jing // [W ḱ市, *山县, dz水井]; Alt. 1700m; May 24. 2021 // Rongchuan Tao leg.; [2nd label]: 30.1479°N; 102.9320°E Adult // collected by light-trap //; [3rd label]: Lucanus // fairmairei // Planet ♀ // det. Z. Zhan.

Body length 31.1–63.5 mm (♂); 28.0– 30.2 mm (♀).

Description. Major male. Body largely brownish to reddish, surface strongly metallic, head, including widest region of mandibular bases, 2.6× width of pronotum and elytra. Head mainly brownish, without metallic luster, surface covered with vestiture of well developed, long, yellowish setae; mandible incurved at basal 1/3, straight along midlength and apex; major inner mandibular tooth located approximately 1/3 distance to apex, sharply triangular, not protruding forward, not inflated on either side,>5 small inner mandibular teeth located below major inner mandibular tooth, usually about three small inner mandibular teeth located between major mandibular tooth and apical fork; apical mandibular forks strongly developed, sharply open anteriorly, upper branches of apical fork 1.2× length of lower apical fork branches; anterolateral ridges of head rounded, well developed, posterolateral margin of head convex, slightly wider than anterolateral ridges; clypeolabrum developed, stout and short, trapezoidal, labrum triangular, weakly protruding along midlength and labrum margins. Pronotum brownish with metallic luster; surface covered with vestiture of short yellowish setae; convex at apex and base, significantly protruding at middle; 0.47× width of head and mandibles; prothoracic tibiae brownish to reddish, each bearing>5 well developed spines from apex to basal 1/3; mesothoracic tibiae bright reddish to orange, each bearing two spines at midlength; metathoracic tibiae bright reddish, each bearing 2–3 poorly developed spines along basal 1/3. Elytra largely brownish, surface smooth and strongly metallic; slender, widest at apical 1/3, strongly narrowed at basal 1/3. Median male as major male except: Head with each major inner mandibular tooth stout and short, triangular, slightly directed anteriorly; <4 small inner mandibular teeth located below major tooth. Minor male as major and median males except: body usually darker; head with mandibles straight and weakly incurved apically; major inner mandibular tooth weakly developed to absent, single-pointed and not triangular; <3 poorly developed small inner mandibular teeth located below or above major tooth. Genitalia. Ventral plate of 9th abdominal segment widened behind cephalic base, not constricted before caudal expansion; basal piece usually clearly defined, 0.5–0.55× length of entire aedeagus; apical flagellum weakly enlarged, flagellum 0.45× length of entire aedeagus; aedeagus stout, incurved at basal 1/3, triangular distally.

Female. Body black, surface shinning, oval, usually smaller than major and median males, subequal in length or larger than minor male. Head black; surface punctate; mandibles incurved at apical 1/3; mandibular tooth well developed, asymmetrical; right mandibular tooth triangular, left mandibular smooth and convex at middle; preocular and postocular margins weakly developed, forming acute angle, protruding anteriorly; clypeolabrum weakly developed, triangular, protruding along midlength. Pronotum black, surface with metallic luster; obscurely but densely punctate; anterior pronotum somewhat enlarged and well rounded, 1.15× width of posterolateral pronotum; prothoracic tibiae black, each bearing four spines from apex to midlength; distal two spines sharp, strongly developed; prothoracic tibiae 1.2× width of mesothoracic and metathoracic tibiae; mesothoracic tibiae black, each bearing two spines along midlength; metathoracic tibiae black, lacking spine at basal 1/3. Elytra black, surface with metallic luster, concolorous with head and pronotum; oval, widest at apical 1/3, strongly narrow at basal 1/3.

Distribution. China (Sichuan, Guizhou).

Phenology. Adult specimens of L. fairmairei were collected from late May to mid-July.

Natural history. Typical plants for this species are still unknown; however, L. fairmairei is attracted to the light-trap. Adult longevity is 25–30 days. There is no conclusive association of larvae with adults. However, there is a larval rearing project on going since summer 2022. According to the breeding behavior of adult females, L. fairmairei tends to oviposit more than four eggs in single dumpling sphere (figs 484, 485).

Collecting methods. Primarily collected by light-trapping.