Rhynocoris pumilus (Jakovlev, 1877)

Ghahari, Hassan, Moulet, Pierre, Cai, Wanzhi & Karimi, Javad, 2013, An annotated catalog of the Iranian Reduvioidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha), Zootaxa 3718 (3), pp. 201-238 : 211-214

Rhynocoris pumilus (Jakovlev, 1877)

Harpactor pumilus Jakovlev, 1877: 97 .

Distribution in Iran. Semnan (Jakovlev 1877; Putshkov & Putshkov 1996).

Distribution outside Iran. Endemic to Iran (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996).

Rhynocoris punctiventris (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1846)

Harpactor punctiventris Herrich-Schaeffer, 1846: 85 (as new species); Harpactor variegatus Fieber, 1861: 153 ; Rhinocoris punctiventris f. uniannulata Stichel in Dispons & Stichel, 1959: 128; Rhinocoris punctiventris var. dimidiatus Dispons, 1964: 101 .

Distribution in Iran. Ardabil (Nouri-Ganbalani & Akbarian 1998), Azarbaijan, Lorestan (new data—MNHN), Fars, Isfahan (Ghahari et al. 2011b), Khorasan (Rahimi et al. 2010a), Kordestan (Sakenin et al. 2010; Samin et al. 2011), Iran (without precise locality) (Yarmand et al. 2002; Putshkov & Putshkov 1996, Putshkov & Moulet 2010).

Distribution outside Iran. Ponto-Mediterranean: from Balkan Peninsula and Crimea to Near East (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Aukema et al. 2013).

Comments. In cotton fields and on Althea rosea (Malvaceae) (Ghahari et al. 2011b). Predates on Colorado potato beetle ( Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say ) ( Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae ) (Nouri-Ganbalani & Akbarian 1998). Rhynocoris punctiventris often lives in rocky biotopes with herbs, shrubs (e.g., Crataegus ), or trees ( Carpinus , Quercus , etc.) with climate of the Mediterranean type both in dry or wet atmosphere. It feeds upon wasps, bees, cicadas, bugs, and small beetles. Often females eat their own eggs or nymphs (Putshkov & Moulet 2010).

Rhynocoris rubrogularis (Horváth, 1880)

Harpactor rubrogularis Horváth, 1880: 96 ; Rhinocoris annulatus var. rubrogularis Kiritshenko, 1926: 222 .

Distribution in Iran. East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al. 2009a), West Azarbaijan (Sakenin et al. 2010), Iran (without precise locality) (Kiyak & Salur 2000).

Distribution outside Iran. Asian Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia (Caucasus) (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Kiyak & Salur 2000; Aukema et al. 2013).

Comments. On Eragrostis poaeoides (Poaceae) (Ghahari et al. 2009a). This species (formerly only a subspecies of annulatus ) can only be separated from annulatus by its male genitalia.

Rhynocoris (Rhynocoris) violentus (Germar, 1837)

Harpactor violentus Germar in Silberman, 1837: 126; Harpactor disciventris Herrich-Schaeffer, 1848: 86 ; Harpactor natalensis Stål, 1855: 42 ; Rhinocoris violentus vars. fasciventer and vittata Schouteden, 1952: 229.

Distribution in Iran. Khorasan (Ghahari et al. 2011b).

Distribution outside Iran. Afrotropical species extending to Yemen (Maldonado-Capriles 1990, Moulet et al. in press).

Comments. This species was introduced to Iran, and identified from the specimens from surrounding of cotton field.

Genus Vachiria Stål, 1859

Vachiria annulipes Poppius, 1909

Vachiria annulipes Poppius, 1909: 3 (as new species).

Distribution in Iran. Sistan & Baluchestan (Poppuis 1909; Putshkov & Putshkov 1996). Distribution outside Iran. Endemic to Iran.

Vachiria deserta (Becker, 1867)

Reduvius desertus Becker, 1867: 114 (as new species); Centroscelis spinosus Jakovlev, 1874: 76 .

Distribution in Iran. Ilam (Samin et al. 2011), Kordestan (Ghahari et al. 2009a), West Azarbaijan (Sakenin et al. 2010), northern Iran (without precise locality) (Jakovlev 1877).

Distribution outside Iran. Caucasus, Ukraine, West Siberia (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Aukema et al. 2013).

Comments. This taxon forms with V. prolixa Kiritshenko 1925 , V. semenovi Jakovlev 1903 , and V. similis Poppius 1909 a species complex, very difficult to separate. Some data by Putshkov & Putshkov (1996) for deserta are erroneous and Putshkov & Moulet (2010) only mention it in Ukraine but records in other regions are not improbable. Vachiria deserta is known on wet soils under Salicornia (Amaranthaceae) or other halophytes, in such conditions it feeds upon various bugs (Putshkov & Moulet 2010).

Vachiria natolica Stål, 1859

Vachiria natolica Stål, 1869: 375 (as new species); Centroscelicoris pallidispinis Reuter, 1891: 141.

Distribution in Iran. Southern Khorasan (without precise locality) (Seidenstücker 1957), Tehran (Brown 1966), Iran (without precise locality) (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996).

Distribution outside Iran. Eremian (in Europe only Spain and Portugal): North Africa ( Mauritania), Central Asia, Near East, Saudi Arabia (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Aukema et al. 2013).

Comments. Vachiria natolica lives on trees and shrubs, particularly Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) , in a great part of its area; Artemisia (Asteraceae) , Atriplex (Amaranthaceae) , Salsola (Amaranthaceae) , Teucrium (Lamiaceae) , etc. are known as cover-plants too. Feeding host plants are unkown (Putshkov & Moulet 2010). Vachiria pallidispina (Reuter) is considered a subspecies ( natolica pallidispina ) considering not only the coloration but the length and width of the pronotal verrucae; intermediates have been found, so it is therefore impossible to consider pallidispina as a valid species (Putshkov & Moulet 2010).

Genus Zelus Fabricius, 1803

Zelus longipes (Linnaeus, 1767)

Cimex longipes Linnaeus, 1767: 724 (as new species); Cimex macropus Gmelin, 1788: 2193 ; Reduvius phalangium Fabricius, 1794: 196 ; Reduvius rubidus Lepeletier & Serville, 1825: 278 ; Zelus bilobus Say, 1832: 12 ; Evagoras speciosus Burmeister, 1835: 227 ; Evagoras tricolor Herrich-Schaeffer, 1848: 45 ; Zelus mactans Stål,1862: 148 ; Velia agavis Blasques, 1871: 289 ; Zelus speciosus var. stolli Lethierry & Severin, 1896: 152 ; Zelus speciosus var. stolli Kirkaldy, 1909: 41 .

Distribution in Iran. Golestan (Sakenin et al. 2009 as Zelus bilobus Say ).

Distribution outside Iran. Central and South America except Chile, the Bahamas, the Antilles (Maldonado Capriles 1990).

Comments. Zelus spp. are restricted to the Neotropical Region, and the Iranian records obviously refer to an accidental introduction. An undetermined species of Zelus was collected by Akbarzadeh Shoukat (2000) from West Azarbaijan, and by Razmjoo et al. (2011) from Isfahan; we suppose that these materials are Z. longipes . Also, recently, another species, Z. renardii (Kolenati, 1857) , has been recorded in Greece (Petrakis & Moulet 2011; Davranoglou 2011) and Spain (Baena & Torres 2012).

Tribe Rhaphidosomatini Distant, 1904

Genus Rhaphidosoma Amyot & Serville, 1843 Rhaphidosoma argillaceum Horvath, 1929

Rhaphidosoma argillaceum Horváth, 1929: 331 (as new species).

Distribution in Iran. Kermanshah (Hoberlandt 1959), Iran (without precise locality) (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996). Distribution outside Iran. Israel, Syria (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996).

Rhaphidosoma davatchiae Dispons & Villiers, 1967

Rhaphidosoma davatchiae Dispons & Villiers, 1967: 1070 (as new species).

Rhaphidosoma tuberculatum Distant, 1904

Rhaphidosoam tuberculatum Distant, 1904: 330 .

Distribution in Iran. Iran (without precise locality) (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996). Distribution outside Iran. Pakistan (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996).

Subfamily Holoptilinae Amyot & Serville, 1843

Tribe Dasycnemini Wygodzinsky & Usinger, 1963

Genus Putoniola Bergroth, 1898

Putoniola kermana Dispons, 1964

Putoniola kermana Dispons, 1964: 64 (as new species).

Distribution in Iran. Kerman (Dispons 1964a; Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Putshkov & Pluot-Sigwalt 2008). Distribution outside Iran. Endemic to Iran.

Subfamily Peiratinae Amyot & Serville, 1843

Genus Androclus Stål, 1863

Androclus pictus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1848) Pirates pictus Herrich-Schaeffer, 1848: 63 (as new species); Dicraotropis pictus Mayr, 1865: 438 ; Androclus (Dicraotropis) sculpturatus Breddin, 1903: 4.

Distribution in Iran. East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al. 2011a), West Azarbaijan (Sakenin et al. 2010). Distribution outside Iran. Tropical and South Africa ( Cameroon, Guinea, east Africa, Senegal) (Maldonado Capriles 1990), South East Asia (Java), Indian subcontinent (Ghahari et al. 2011a).