Conocephalus (Anisoptera) maculatus ( Le Guillou, 1841 )

Farooqi, Mohd Kaleemullah & Usmani, Mohd Kamil, 2018, Review of genus Conocephalus Thunberg, 1815 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae) with one new species from India, Zootaxa 4461 (3), pp. 381-398 : 383-386

Conocephalus (Anisoptera) maculatus ( Le Guillou, 1841)

( Fig. 1 , 2 , 3 )

Xiphidion maculatus . Le Guillou, 1841. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie 294.

Conocephalus (Xiphidion) arabicus Uvarov, 1933 . Proc. zool. Soc. London 1933:262. Syn. By Popov, 1981. In Wittmer & Buttiker [Ed.]. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 3:114-148.

Conocephalus bidens Uvarov, 1957 . In Uvarov & G.B. Popov. The saltatorial Orthoptera of Socotra. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 43:363. Syn. By Popov, 1981. In Wittmer & Buttiker [Ed.]. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 3:127.

Xiphidium continuum Walker, 1869 . Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum 2:271.

Locusta (Xiphidium) lepida Haan, 1843 . Temminck [Ed.] Ƒerhandelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlansche Overzeesche Bezittingen 19/20:188–189.

Xiphidion neglectum Bruner, 1920 . [1919]. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 13:123.

Xiphidium sinensis Walker, 1871 . Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum Supplement: 35. Syn. By Panhwar, Sultana, M.S. Wagan & S. Kumar, 2013. J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 3(11):173.

Xiphidium dimidiatum Matsumura & Shiraki, 1908 . Jour. Coll. Agric. Tohoku Imp. Univ. 3(1):56. Syn. By Ito & Ichikawa. 2004[2003]. Insecta Matsumurana N.S. 60:59.

Redescription. Male: Body small sized and slender. Fastigium of vertex compressed laterally; base of fastigium 1.68 times as wide as scapus. Fastigium verticis moderately wide, apex rounded. Eyes globular and protruding outward. Pronotum: pronotal disc slightly raised; anterior dorsal margin weakly concave, posterior margin rounded; median carina hardly visible; lateral lobes triangular, higher than long with secondary tympanum present on posterior edge; humeral sinus weak. Prosternum armed with a pair of spines; mesosternal lobes elongated and triangular; metasternal lobes rounded. Thoracic auditory spiracle large, elliptical, partially hidden under lateral lobe of pronotum; a weak tubercle is present at mid anterior inner edge of spiracle. Tegmina shorter than hind wings, apex rounded. Hind wings reaching before the middle of hind tibia. Stridulatory file with 50 teeth on the ventral side of left tegmen, teeth of file with rough surface, evenly spaced, gradually decreasing in size towards the distal end, file gradually narrow and sulcate towards distal end. Legs: All tibiae have a basal dark spot. Genicular lobes of fore femora armed by a single spine on inner side and unarmed on outer side; mid and hind genicular lobes armed by single spine on both inner and outer side. Fore coxae armed by a single spine. All femora dorsally and ventrally unarmed. A slit like tympanum present on fore tibia, the opening is directed towards dorsal side with a pair of small pits laterally just below the tympanum. Fore and mid tibiae dorsally unarmed. Fore tibiae ventrally armed by 6 spines on inner margin; 6 spines on outer margin. Mid tibiae ventrally armed by 6 spines on inner margin; 6 spines on outer margin. Hind tibiae dorsally armed by 38 minute to small sized, thick spines on inner margin; 32 minute to small sized, thick spines on outer margin. Hind tibiae ventrally armed by 7 small to moderate sized spines arranged on inner margin; 11 small to moderate sized spines arranged on outer margin. Single dorsal pair of spurs and two ventral pairs (inner small and outer large) of spurs present on apical region of hind tibiae. Tenth abdominal tergite slightly broad with distinct median carina, basal margin concave, apical margin with a pair of obtuse lobes. Supraanal plate triangular, apex sub-obtuse. Subgenital plate long with hardly visible median carina, apical margin with rounded excision; styles long, cylindrical and diverging apically. Cerci thick basally, compressed apically on lateral inner side, lateral outer side slightly concave; median internal tooth thick at base, apex with a spine like projection.

Female: Tenth abdominal tergite with median incision, apical margin rounded. Supra-anal plate triangular, with basal groove, apex sub obtuse. Subgenital plate as long as broad, apical margin with weak rounded excision. Cerci conical, slightly thick, weakly upcurved. Ovipositor slightly upcurved, dorsal valve longer than ventral; slightly surpassing the wings; length of ovipositor moderately shorter than hind femur.

Morphometry (length in mm)

Material examined: India—Uttar Pradesh, Ghazipur, Nagwa (25°36'30.50"N, 83°34'7.10"E), 2♂♂, 3♀♀ specimens, 06.IX.2013, on bushes, (coll. M. K. Farooqi); Aligarh, Medical colony (27°55'17.58"N, 78° 5'1.44"E), 2♂♂, 3♀♀, 07.VIII.2014, on bushes, (coll. M.I. Khan); Etah, Ghilaua (27°33'10.74"N, 78°38'49.40"E), 1♂, 2♀♀, 14.IX.2015, on bushes, (Coll. M. K. Farooqi); Bulandshahar (28°24'31.82"N, 77°49'46.49"E), 1♂, 19.X.2015, on bushes, (coll. M. K. Farooqi); Bareilly, Faiq enclave (28°21'24.26"N, 79°27'18.40"E), 2♂♂, 1♀, 18.IX.2016, on bushes, (coll. M. K. Farooqi); Agra, Gopal Pura (27° 7'54.31"N, 78° 0'39.58"E), 1♀, 05.X. 2016, on bushes, (coll. M. K. Farooqi).

Distribution: India—Andaman & Nicobar Island, Arunachal Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal.

Elsewhere: Africa, Australia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Java, Malaysia, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines and Sierra Leone.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Conocephalus (Anisoptera) maculatus. A—Male, B—Female.

FIGURE 2. Conocephalus (Anisoptera) maculatus. (A–P): A—Lateral view of head andpronotum ♂, B—Dorsal view of fastigium of vertex ♂, C—Dorsal view of pronutum ♂, D—Sternum ♂, E—Dorsal view of left basal tegmen ♂, F—Dorsal view of right basal tegmen ♂, G—Stridulatory file ♂, H—Dorsal view of abdominal end ♂, I –Ventral view of subgenital plate ♂, J—Dorsal view of cercus ♂, K –Dorsal view of supra-anal plate ♀, L—Ventral view of subgenital plate ♀, M—Dorsal view of cercus ♀, N—Lateral view of ovipositor ♀, O—Lateral view of fore tibia ♂, P—Lateral view of hind tibia ♂.

FIGURE 3. Stridulatory file of Conocephalus (Anisoptera) maculatus. A—Entire file, B—Enlarged fragment.