Paraclivina Kult, 1947

Bousquet, Yves, 2012, Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera, Adephaga) of America, north of Mexico, ZooKeys 245, pp. 1-1722 : 284

Genus Paraclivina Kult, 1947

Paraclivina Kult, 1947: 31. Type species: Clivina burmeisteri Putzeys, 1866 by original designation. Etymology. From the Greek para (near, next to) and the generic name Clivina [q.v.] [feminine].

Diversity.

At least 33 species (see Bousquet 2009: table 1) in temperate, subtropical, and tropical areas of the Nearctic (nine species) and Neotropical (29 species) Regions. Kult’s (1947: 31) statement that Paraclivina is represented by two species in Australia is apparently erroneous (see Baehr 2008: 23).

Identification.

There is no revision of the North American species of this genus. The last key published, that of LeConte (1879a), included seven of the eight species recorded at the time ( Paraclivina sulcipennis was omitted). Since then, one tropical species ( Paraclivina fasciata ) has been recovered in Florida but it is unclear if it is established in the area. Putzeys (1846 and 1867b) included descriptions of all the North American species currently recognized. In his 1867 work, these species were listed in groups 21 (most species) and 22 ( Paraclivina fasciata and Paraclivina ferrea ) of the genus Clivina . A revision of the genus is needed.

Taxonomic Note.

This taxon is very likely monophyletic, characterized by the synapomorphic condition of the lateral bead of the pronotum uninterrupted and removed from the base. The genus Clivina is markedly speciose and inadequately understood both taxonomically and phylogenetically. In these circumstances, I believe it is more convenient to isolate this taxon as a distinct genus even if eventually it may prove to be nested within Clivina . In a cladistic analysis of the five Western Hemisphere subgenera of Clivina (sensu auctorum) conducted by Ball (2001: Fig. 9), this taxon turn out as the sister-group to the remaining subgenera.