Pariaconus hawaiiensis (Crawford, 1918) Crawford, 1918

Percy, Diana M., 2017, Making the most of your host: the Metrosideros-feeding psyllids (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) of the Hawaiian Islands, ZooKeys 649, pp. 1-163 : 80-82

Pariaconus hawaiiensis (Crawford, 1918) comb. n. Figures 41, 52 A–C, J, O–R

Trioza hawaiiensis Crawford, 1918: 444

Adult colour.

General body colour green or yellow-green, but often with brown on legs, thorax and abdomen. Females often appear to have a dark abdomen due to darkly pigmented egg load. Fore wing membrane clear.

Adult structure.

Fore wing apex rounded; spinules with limited distributed in all cells; medium-short to short setae on margins and veins (Fig. 41A). Antennae long (av. length 1.36; ratio AL:HW av. 2.06); genal processes long, subequal or shorter than vertex length (ratio VL:GP av. 1.19), and acute; long to medium-long setae on vertex and thorax; distal proboscis segment short (av. length 0.11); hind tibia longer or subequal to head width (ratio HW:HT av. 0.95) (Fig. 41 B–C, F, O–P). Male terminalia (Fig. 41 D–E): paramere length subequal to proctiger (ratio MP:PL av. 0.99), broad and more or less parallel-sided basally before tapering evenly to apex with anteriorly directed hook; distal aedeagus segment shorter than paramere (ratio PL:AEL av. 1.18) with base rounded, slightly inflated, and a large shallow hooked apex (ratio AEL:AELH av. 2.17). Female terminalia (Fig. 41 H–G, L–N): proctiger short to moderately long, dorsal surface more or less straight, or slightly depressed medially, convex apically, apex bluntly acute, anal ring short (ratio FP:RL av. 4.59); subgenital plate with slight medial bulge ventrally, bluntly acute apically; ovipositor apex lacking serrations, valvulae dorsalis not convex dorsally.

Egg.

Short, broad, pigmented brown to dark brown (except tip of pedicel and tail), surface with microsculpturing, medium-long pedicel with slightly inflated tip, tail short (Fig. 41 I–K).

Immature.

Colour and structure: 5th instar: Cream to orange. Elongate ovoid in outline, wing buds protruding with moderate humeral lobes (Fig. 52 A–B). Tarsi with large claws. Circumanal ring small (CPW:RW av. 20.39), u-shaped with a mostly single row of often interrupted cells (Fig. 52C). Chaetotaxy: 5th instar: Head, thorax and abdomen with scattered long to medium-long simple setae (Fig. 52J). 1st instar: Unknown.

Host plant notes.

Known from both glabrous and pubescent morphotypes, but mostly associated with pubescent and semi-pubescent types.

Island.

Hawaii.

Distribution notes.

Widely distributed on the island of Hawaii; there are some distinct clusters in the molecular analysis, with the southern and western populations sister to and nested within members from Kohala (north), and these are distinct from two individuals from the central Saddle Rd area.

Biology.

Galls stems and buds, resulting in irregular swellings, and in the case of buds, inhibits bud growth (Fig. 52 O–R).

Comments.

Individuals from Kona Hema have a notably broader paramere.

Type material.

Holotype, male (?) (dry mounted, damaged, abdomen missing, BPBM). See Table 2 for details of type and other material examined for this study.