Chiasognathus sombrus Paulsen & Smith, 2010

Paulsen, M. J. & Smith, Andrew, 2010, Revision of the genus Chiasognathus Stephens of southern South America with the description of a new species (Coleoptera, Lucanidae, Lucaninae, Chiasognathini), ZooKeys 43 (43), pp. 33-63 : 56-60

Chiasognathus sombrus Paulsen & Smith , sp. n.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B61FBC6C-2A89-427C-BD90-59FBED9DB91B

Figs 7, 10, 25–26, 32

Type Material. Holotype male deposited at MNNC, labeled a) “ CHILE: ÑUBLE PROV. / El Marchant / 26-XI-2004 / leg. Sergio Ocares ”; b) red label “ Chiasognathus / sombrus (male symbol) / Paulsen & Smith / HOLOTYPE.” Allotype female deposited at MNNC, labeled a) “ CHILE: REGÍON BIO-BIO / Prov. Ñuble, El Marchant / 15- XI-2006 / leg. Sergio Ocares ”; b) red label “ Chiasognathus / sombrus (female symbol) / Paulsen & Smith / ALLOTYPE.” Two male paratypes ( MNNC) same data as holotype. One male paratype ( MNNC) labeled a) “Cord. Chillan / Las Trancas / 12.90 / coll. G. Moreno ”; b) “ Chiasognathus latreillei / Solier / Dét. F. Chalumeau & B. Brochier / [‘95]”. Ten male, two female paratypes ( JMEC, MJPC, UNSM) same data as allotype. Eleven male, three female paratypes ( JMEC, MJPC, EPGC) labeled “ CHILE, Región del Biobío, Las Trancas, 18-X-1998, leg. S. Ocares ”. Eight male paratypes ( JMEC, MJPC, EPGC, BMNH) labeled “ CHILE, Región del Biobío, El Marchant, 20-X-2006, leg. S. Ocares ”. Four male paratypes ( JMEC) labeled “ CHILE, Región del Biobío, El Marchant, 26-XI- 2004, leg. S. Ocares. ” One female paratype ( JMEC) labeled “Chile, Región del Biobío, Ñuble, Los Lleuques, 13/10/2006, leg. S. Ocares ”. Four male paratypes ( MJPC) labeled “ CHILE REGIÓN BIO-BIO / Prov. Ñuble, Atacalco / 12-X-2005 / leg. S. Ocares ”. One male paratype ( MJPC) labeled a) “ CHILE: Biobio / Chillan; X.2006 ”; b) orange label “DNA VOUCHER / P67 2009 / MJ PAULSEN – UNSM”. One male paratype ( LBC) labeled “ CHILE – BIO BIO / OCTOBER 2004 / LEG. THOMSON”. Six male paratypes ( AUPC, ABTS) labeled “Las Trancas / Chillan / Enero- 1992 / leg. S. Figueroa ”. One male, three female paratypes ( AUPC, ABTS) labeled “Las Trancas, / Chillan. XI-90”. One female paratype ( AUPC) labeled “Andes, Ñuble / CHILE, Dec. 91”. One female paratype ( CASC) labeled “ CHILE / Nubles / Nov. 91”. Two male paratypes ( SMTD) labeled a) “CHILI / NUBLE, CHILLAN / NOV. 1993 / LEG. PENA”; b) “ Chiasognathus beneshi / Lacroix / Dét. F. Chalumeau & B. Brochier / [‘95]”. One male paratype ( SMTD) labeled as previous except “ Dec. 1991 ”. One male paratype ( SMTD) labeled “ CHILE / Nubles / Nov. 91”. One male paratype ( CMNC) labeled “ CHILE: REGIÓN VIII (BIOBÍO) / Ñuble Prov., Atacalco / 20 October 2005, S. Ocares ” .

Description, holotype male (Fig. 25). Length: 30.7 mm. Width: 13.5 mm. Color: Dark reddish brown, pronotum with gold metallic reflections on disc, reflections becoming purple laterally and blue at margin; scutellum with greenish blue and purple metallic reflection; elytra with disc greenish brown due to weak green and purple metallic reflections, lateral margin with darker green reflection; head, mandibles at base, venter, and legs with green metallic reflection except tarsi, distal third of tibiae, and entire ventral surface of protibiae lacking metallic reflection. Head: Form almost semicircular. Surface punctate; punctures fine to coarse, some punctures with short setae. Anterior margin of head rounded, produced beyond rounded anterior angles, lacking median nasus. Mandibles almost 2× as long as head, externally rounded, robust (not flattened in lateral view); dentate carina on dorsal margin only in basal third, then continuing on internal face to below apex; teeth of carina variable along mandible with large basal tooth, large tooth in basal third, and 5 more or less conjoined teeth in apical half. Apex curved inwards, distally acute and hooked upwards, lacking patch of setae inside apex. Base of mandibles lacking ventral tooth. Galeal brush elongate, 2–3× longer than mentum. Scape without well-developed area of long setae. Right antennal club missing. Pronotum: Posterior angle strongly dentate, acute; lateral angle almost obsolete. Lateral margins distinct, weakly

crenulate. Dorsal surface with weak transverse ridge medially and distinct longitudinal median depression. Lateral fovea distinct, circular, impunctate. Elytra: Surface appearing rough macroscopically, not shiny, wrinkled on disc, punctate, setose; setae of 2 types: scattered bristle-like, erect setae and flattened, scale-like setae, scale-like setae apparently abraded except in rugae. Apex rounded. Epipleuron flat. Legs: Protibiae not elongate, dentate externally; ventral surface along internal margin with teeth weakly developed. Mesotibia thickened and appearing bent outwards at large external tooth (Fig. 10).

Description, allotype female (Fig. 26). Length: 28.1 mm. Width: 13.4 mm. Differs from holotype male in the following characters. Color: Metallic reflection dorsally muted except on scutellum at base. Head: Mandibles triangular with flat dorsal surface, densely punctate, with single internal tooth at distal third and internal margin bladelike in distal third. Pronotum: Posterior angles lacking tooth, lateral angles prominent.

Description, variation in paratype males. Length: 23.1–31.2 mm. Width: 11.4– 13.3 mm. Differ from holotype male in the following characters. Head: Rounded anterior margin of head occasionally appearing weakly binodose. Mandibles with dorsal surface proximal to apex with additional weak tooth. Pronotum: Lateral angle variably developed from almost obsolete to distinct. Male genitalia: Flagellum moderately long, subequal in length to parameres and basal piece together (Fig. 7).

Figures 25–26. Dorsal habitus of C. sombrus , sp. n. 25 holotype male, and 26 allotype female. Scale bar = 5mm.

Figures 27–32. Distribution of Chiasognathus species. Regions of Chile and Provinces of Argentina indicated on Figure 32 as follows: VII Maule, VIII Biobío, IX La Araucanía, X Los Lagos, XI Aisén, XIV Los Ríos, Q Neuquén, R Rio Negro, U Chubut, Z Santa Cruz. All localities indicated with circles except for C. jousselinii (triangle). 27 C. beneshi , C. jousselinii 28 C. grantii 29 C. impubis 30 C. latreillei 3Ι C. mniszechii , and 32 C. sombrus .

Description, variation in paratype females. Length: 22.6–30.0 mm. Width: 11.8–15.7 mm. Female paratypes do not differ significantly from the allotype.

Distribution. The species is only known from Ñuble Province, VIII Región del Biobío, Chile (Fig. 32).

CHILE (66): Biobío (66): Atacalco, “Chillán”, El Marchant, Las Trancas, Los Lleuques, “Ñuble”.

Temporal distribution. October (29), November (28), December (2), January (6).

Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by its darker coloration, thickened and bent mesotibiae, and long galeal brush in both sexes. The scattered elytral bristles, although not distinct macroscopically, are more prominent in this species than in all others except C. impubis .

Remarks. This species was mistakenly treated as C. beneshi in Mizunuma and Nagai (2001) and Chalumeau and Brochier (2007). It has been referred to as C. schoenemanni in collections and by commercial dealers; however, examination of the holotype of C. schoenemanni revealed that name to be a synonym of C. mniszechii .

Acknowledgments

We thank Alfredo Ugarte Peña for his generous loan and shipment of Chiasognathini to MJP, without which this revision would have been much more difficult. Our colleague José Mondaca (Santiago, Chile) was extremely helpful in obtaining specimens of the new species and answering last minute questions about specimens in the MNNC. We thank Pam Horsley (CMNC) for her assistance with databasing and imaging type specimens and to François Génier (CMNC) for hand carrying type specimens from the MNHN. Thanks also to William Foster and other colleagues at CUMZ and the Cambridge Philosophical Society for information on the Stephens collection and images of the C. grantii holotype. Additional thanks to Matthias Herrmann (MPI-Tübingen, Germany) from MJP for his valued support while visiting European collections. Our appreciation to Luca Bartolozzi, Stéphane Boucher, Brett Ratcliffe, José Mondaca, and two anonymous reviewers who provided valuable comments. This research was supported by an NSF/BS&I grant (DEB-0342189).