Martinella obovata (Kunth) Bureau & K.Schum., in Mart., Fl. Bras. 8(2):161, tab. 84. 1896

Kataoka, Eric Y. & Lohmann, Lucia G., 2021, Taxonomic revision of Martinella Baill. (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae), PhytoKeys 177, pp. 77-116 : 77

4. Martinella obovata (Kunth) Bureau & K.Schum., in Mart., Fl. Bras. 8(2):161, tab. 84. 1896 Fig. 9

Spathodea obovata Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 147. 1819 [1818]. Bignonia obovata (Kunth) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2:830. 1825. Macfadyena obovata (Kunth) Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 3: 200. 1863. TYPE. Colombia. Magdalena: Turbaco, s.d., F.W.H.A. von Humboldt & A.J.A. Bonpland 1391 (holotype: P-00670823 image!).

Bignonia fockeana Miq., Linnaea 18: 609. 1844. Macfadyena fockeana (Miq.) Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. 3: 200. 1863. TYPE. Suriname. Paramaribo, Aug 1844, H.C. Focke 924 (lectotype, designated by Gentry 1974 [1973], p. 877: U-0000750 image!).

Tabebuia cordata Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 129. 1845 [1844]. TYPE. Panama. Isthmus of Darién, s.d., G.W. Barclay s.n. (lectotype, designated by Gentry 1974 [1973]: K-000449504 image!).

Bignonia martini DC., Prodr. 9: 152. 1845. [as Martini ]. Martinella martini (DC.) Baill. ex K.Schum. In Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. 4(3b): 216. 1894. TYPE. French Guiana. Cayenne, s.d., J. Martin s.n. (lectotype, first-step designated by Gentry 1974 [1973], p. 877 [as “type”], second-step designated here: P-00481520 image!; isolectotypes: P-00481521 image!, P-00481522 image!, U-0000749 image!, US-00125833 image!).

Doxantha longisiliqua Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. 3: 190. 1863. Bignonia longisiliqua Bertero ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2: 830. 1825, non Jacq. 1780 nec Vell. 1829. TYPE: Colombia. S. Martha, s.d., C.L.G. Bertero s.n. (neotype, designated here: G-DC-00133287 image!).

Martinella gollmeri K.Schum. Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. 4(3b): 216. 1894. TYPE: Venezuela, s.d., J. Gollmer s.n. (B probably destroyed); Amazonas, road from San Fernando de Atabapo to Santa Barbara, 12-40 Km from San Fernando, 24 Mar 1974, A.H. Gentry & S.S. Tillet 10864 (neotype, designated here: MO-074427!).

Anemopaegma leptosiphon Rusby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 354. 1927. TYPE. Bolivia. Ixiamos, 245 m, 15 Dec 1921, M. Cardenas 1926 (holotype: NY-00313067 image!; isotype: BKL-00002909 image!).

Arrabidaea duckei A.Samp., Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 12(3-4): 81. 1936. Periarrabidaea duckei (A.Samp.) A.Samp., Ann. Acad. Bras. Sci. 12: 91. 1936. TYPE. Brazil. Manaus, s.d., A. Ducke s.n. (holotype [two sheets]: sheet 1, RB-00536852!, sheet 2, RB-00536853!; isotype: R-28626 [accession number]!).

Description.

Lianas; branches with solid pith, cylindrical, green, drying brown, smooth, puberulent, covered with few stipitate glandular trichomes, with scattered patelliform glandular trichomes more frequently at interpetiolar region; prophylls of the axillary buds covered with simple eglandular trichomes. Leaves 2-foliolate, with the terminal leaflet generally modified into a trifid tendril; petioles terete, not pulvinated, 8.5-66 mm long, covered with stipitate glandular trichomes, with few scattered patelliform glandular trichomes; petiolules terete, not pulvinated, 5-40.4 mm long, covered with stipitate glandular trichomes, with occasional patelliform glandular trichomes; leaflets discolor, with abaxial surface lighter than the adaxial surface (silver-like color), chartaceous, ovate, apex acuminate, base cordate, margins entire and slightly revolute, 7.9-13.2 × 3.0-9.4 cm, adaxial surface glabrous, with simple eglandular trichomes and stipitate glandular trichomes at canaliculi of veins, abaxial surface glabrescent, with patelliform glandular trichomes concentrated near the base and scattered along the midvein. Inflorescences racemose, 11.9-15.5 cm long, sparsely covered with simple eglandular trichomes and stipitate and patelliform glandular trichomes; bracts linear, 1.5-2 mm long, puberulent, densely covered with simple eglandular trichomes and stipitate glandular trichomes; pedicels terete, 4-12.7 mm, puberulent, with simple eglandular trichomes and stipitate glandular trichomes. Flowers with calyx green, chartaceous, campanulate, 11.9-17.6 × 4.8-9.6 mm, puberulent, sparsely covered with simple eglandular trichomes and stipitate glandular trichomes, with few patelliform glandular trichomes, lobes 2-4, apex mucronate, puberulent; corolla light lilac to dark magenta, membranous, 55.2-58.5 mm long, narrowly tubular basal portion 15.6-17.2 long × 4.2-5.3 mm wide, upper campanulate portion 16.1-18.7 mm long × 14-15 mm wide, lobes subcircular, 10.5-11.7 × 12.7-15.7 mm; stamens in two lengths, longer ones 16-20 mm, shorter ones 12-12.6 mm, thecae 2.5-3.1 mm, glabrous; staminode 0.8-1 mm, glabrous; gynoecium 34-36.3 mm long; ovary glabrous; style glabrous; stigma lanceolate, glabrous; nectariferous disk 3.2-3.6 × 1.3 mm. Capsules linear, 20.5-116 × 1.1-2 cm, glabrous. Seeds ca. 4 × 1.1 cm.

Distribution and habitat.

Martinella obovata is widely distributed through Amazonian terra firme forests and wet forests of southern Mexico and Central America (Fig. 10 ). This species occurs between 0-1700 m a.s.l., in a wide range of forested habitat types.

Phenology.

Flowering and fruiting specimens were collected throughout the year.

Conservation status.

Least Concern (LC) based on the EOO of 10,477,635 km2.

Discussion.

Martinella obovata is diagnosable by a combination of cylindrical stems in cross section, glabrous leaflets, racemose inflorescence, and calyx covered with simple eglandular and stipitate glandular trichomes. Martinella obovata is the most widely distributed species in the genus and occurs from southern Mexico to the southern Amazon in a wide altitudinal range. Despite the wide geographic and elevational range, no clear morphological discontinuities were identified in our study. However, as expected, we did find some variation especially considering plasticity to local environmental conditions, such as thicker leaves in specimens collected at localities associated with rocky outcrops. Based on the morphological evidence and robust molecular phylogenetic data (Kataoka and Lohmann in prep.), we recognize a broadly distributed M. obovata .

The widespread M. obovata recognized here includes multiple synonyms, several of which required the designation of lectotypes or neotypes. During Alwyn Gentry’s prolific career, he published many taxonomic treatments and Floras in which he listed several types and unintentionally designated lectotypes. For example, Gentry (1973) unintentionally designated lectotypes for Bignonia fockeana Miq. and Tabebuia cordata Benth. The specimens designated as lectotypes are in good condition, allowing for an accurate identification of these taxa, representing good lectotypes.

Some of Gentry’s unintentional lectotypes were first-step lectotypifications (see Art. 9.17 of Turland et al. 2018), requiring second-step lectotypes. When appropriate, the required second-step lectotypes are proposed here. For example, in the protologue of Bignonia martini , De Candolle (1845) specifically cited a specimen collected by Martin in Cayenne (French Guiana). Gentry (1973) cited as “type” collections made by J. Martin in French Guiana deposited at U and US. We found additional collections made by J. Martin in Cayenne that were annotated as “Type” and “Isotype” deposited at P. One of those specimens bears flowers, is in good condition and has a stamp that indicates “Type”. This material is here selected as a second-step lectotype. Duplicates (isolectotypes) of the type collection are deposited at P, U and US.

Bignonia longisiliqua Bertero ex Spreng. ( Sprengel 1825) and Bignonia longisiliqua Vell. ( Vellozo 1825 [1829]) are illegitimate homonyms of Bignonia longisiliqua Jacq. ( Jacquin 1780). While B. longisiliqua Bertero ex Spreng. is a synonym of M. obovata , Bignonia longisiliqua Vell. is a synonym of Catalpa longissima (Jacq.) Dum. Cours., and Bignonia longisiliqua Jacq. is a synonym of Stizophyllum perforatum (Cham.) Miers. Bignonia longisiliqua Bertero ex Spreng. was described based on a specimen from "Ad fl. Magdalen." (Magdalena river, Colombia) collected by C.L.G. Bertero. However, the referred specimen was never mentioned in subsequent taxonomic studies and could not be located. Instead, a specimen collected by C.L.G. Bertero in Santa Martha (Colombia) was cited by De Candolle (1845). Doxantha longisiliqua Miers is a new name subsequently published based on a specimen from "Sa. Martha" (Colombia), also collected by C.L.G. Bertero, with explicit reference to the specimen cited in De Candolle (1845). We found two specimens collected by Bertero in Santa Martha, one deposited at G-DC and the other deposited at MO. These specimens were identified as types of Bignonia longisiliqua Bertero ex Spreng., with the specimen at MO (barcode MO-074584) including a "Type Specimen" stamp. However, we did not find any publication citing the MO specimen as a nomenclatural type. In addition, it is likely that the specimen from Magdalena river that Sprengel used to describe B. longisiliqua was destroyed at B, where many specimens were held after 1890, including some of those collected by Bertero ( Stafleu and Cowan 1976). Therefore, we designate the well-preserved specimen deposited at G-DC as a neotype for Bignonia longisiliqua Bertero ex Spreng. Lastly, the collection year written on the label “1822” is likely wrong because C.L.G. Bertero’s travels in the West Indies were from 1816-1821 ( Stafleu and Cowan 1976). Given this information, we could not confidently assign the MO specimen as a duplicate (isoneotype).

In the original description of Martinella gollmeri , a specimen collected in Venezuela by J. Gollmer is cited. This specimen was most likely destroyed at B; no isotypes or illustrations have been found, and a neotype from Venezuela that matches the original description is here designated as a neotype.

The holotype of Arrabidaea duckei A.Samp. is interpreted to be mounted in two sheets, as both sheets have the same accession number (24094) written on their labels. Sheet 1 (RB-00536852) is a better material with leaves and an immature fruit.

Specimens examined.

Belize. Cayo: Hummingbird highway, south of Belmopan, vicinity of mile 28, premontane wet forest, 70 m, 14 Jun 1973, A.H. Gentry 8250 (MO); Vicinity of Grano de Oro lumber camp south of Millionario, disturbed forest and roadside, 500 m, 2 Jun 1973, A.H. Gentry 7767 (MO). Bolivia. Beni: José Ballivián, Comunidad Galilea, Canchon Tierra Negra, 200 m, 14°30'S, 66°37'W, 21 Oct 1994, E. Rivero 183 (SPF); Isla de Espiritu, Prov. Ballivian, Espiritu en la zona de influencia del río Yacuma. Sabana húmeda, 200 m, 13 Apr 1981, St.G. Beck 5372 (MO). La Paz: Franz Tamayo, Madidi, Chalalan, Sendero Silvador, bosque amazonico preandino estacional, 350 m, 14°25'23"S, 67°55'26"W, 24 Nov 2004, A. Araujo-M 1532 (SPF); Prov. Nor Yungas, 4.1 km N of (below) Yolosa on road to Caranavi, secondary growth, roadside, 1200 m, 16°11'S, 67°44'W, 6 Oct 1984, J.C. Solomon 12474 (MO). Santa Cruz: Prov. Ichilo, Parque Amboró, Río Semayo, Nueva Palestina, a 35 km al E de la Ciudad de Santa Cruz, 480 m, 17°45.5'S, 63°32'W, 4 Mar 1990, R.C. Quevedo S. 51 (MO); Sara, Camino de Santa Rosa del Sara a Buen Retiro, 274 m, 17°13'57"S, 63°39'1"W, 7 Jan 2009, G.A. Parada 1394 (SPF). Brazil. Acre: Bujari, margem direita do rio Antimary, sentido jusante a partir da ponte da BR- 364, 154 m, 9°28'52.3"S, 68°20'55"W, 11 Dec 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 406 (SPF); Mâncio Lima, São Domingos, Campina, solo arenoso humoso, 7°23'57"S, 72°45'41"W, 23 Oct 1998, C.A.C. Ferreira 11751 (INPA); Rio Branco, próximo ao prédio do Herbário UFACPZ, ca. 60 m após fim da trilha de acesso do campus ao herbário, 182 m, 9°57'26.5"S, 67°52'27.8"W, 06 Dec 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 390 (SPF). Amapá: Coastal Region survey, right bank of rio Flechal, 1°45'N, 50°58'W, 13 Aug 1962, J.M. Pires 52504 (IAN, MG); Rio Araguarí, terra firme, baixa, 22 Jul 1951, R.L. Fróes 27594 (IAN, R); Rio Araguari, along river between Mongubas and Serra do Navio, 0°42'N, 51°45'W, 25 Sept 1961, J.M. Pires 51176 (IAN, INPA, MG); Rio Araguari, porto Platon, 18 Sept 1961, J.M. Pires 51057 (IAN, MG); Matapi, mata baixa, terra firme, solo argiloso e úmido, 28 Dec 1976, B.G.S. Ribeiro 1645 (MG); Porto Grande, Fazenda Governador, Aporema, 10 Nov 1982, M. Dantas 1428 (IAN); Oiapoque: Amapá, Parque Nacional do Cabo Orange, igarapé Cova da Onça, 2°56'26.24"N, 50°59'3.147"W, 3 Aug 2006, S.R.M. Silva 62 (MG). Amazonas: Estrada Manaus-Caracaraí km 39, Reserva Experimental de Silvicultura Tropical, terra firme, solo arenoso, campina, 12 Sept 1977, J. Ribamar 189 (INPA); Km 65, on road from Manaus to Boa Vista, manioc plantation, sandy soil, 22 Jul 1974, A. Lasseign P21164 (INPA); Mindu, em capoeira, 5 Sept 1947, T. Guedes 14 (IAN, RB); Rio Negro, próximo ao rio Arara, 2° acampamento da SIDERAMA, mata de terra firme, solo arenoso, 2 May 1973, A.A. Loureiro 37946 (INPA, RB, SPF); Barcelos, Parque Nacional do Jaú, margem direita do Rio Negro, 35 m, 1°49'59.8"S, 61°29'38.5"W, 6 Jun 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 247 (SPF); Rio Negro, between Ilha da Silva & Tapuruquara, 15 Oct 1971, G.T. Prance 15281 (INPA); Humaitá, Estrada Humaitá-Lábrea, km 77, igarapé na beira da estrada, latossolo, 11 Jun 1982, L.O.A. Teixeira 1076 (INPA); Itapiranga, Rio Uatumã, em frente ao igarapé Sta. Lizia, 1 km da margem direita do rio, mata de terra firme, solo argiloso, 16 Aug 1979, C.A. Cid 448 (INPA); Lábrea, Rio Ituxi, vicinity of Boca do Curuquete, 8 Jul 1971, G.T. Prance 14014 (INPA); Manaus, banks of rio Tarumã and Praia Dourada, sandy substrate, 14 Dec 1974, A.H. Gentry 13292 (INPA); BR 17, igarapé da Bolívia, terra firme, arenoso, capoeira, 3 Jun 1955, J. Chagas s.n. (INPA, MG); Cabeceira do igarapé da Cachoeira Alta, terreno arenoso, capoeira, 28 Nov 1960, W. Rodrigues 1956 (IAN, INPA); Campos Sales, igarapé da Cachoeira Alta do Tarumã, terra úmida, 22 Sept 1954, J.C. de Almeida s.n. (INPA); Campos Sales, km 10 da BR-17, terreno alagadiço, 30 Aug 1954, J. Chagas s.n. (INPA); Estrada da Forquilha solo arenoso, capoeira fechada, terra úmida, 11 Oct 1956, J. Chagas s.n. (INPA); Estrada do Aleixo, km 7 entrada à esquerda, terra firme, arenoso, capoeira aberta, 24 Aug 1956, F. Mello s.n. (INPA); Igarapé da Cachoeira Alta do Tarumã, terra firme, solo arenoso, capoeira, 17 Sept 1962, W. Rodrigues 4635 (INPA); Igarapé da Cachoeira Alta, solo arenoso, úmido, capoeira, 11 Dec 1961, W. Rodrigues 3846 (INPA); Km 10 da estrada do Aleixo, terra firme, arenoso, capoeira aberta, 14 Sept 1955, D. Coelho s.n. (INPA); Margem do igarapé da Bolívia, estrada da BR - 17, terra firme, arenosa, capoeira, 3 Jun 1955, J.C. de Almeida s.n. (INPA); Margem do igarapé da Bolívia terra firme, arenoso, capoeira baixa, aberta, 27 Jul 1956, D. Coelho s.n. (INPA); Margem do igarapé do Binda, terreno firme, arenoso, capoeira baixa, aberta, 27 Jul 1956, D.F. Coelho 4001 (IAN); Margem do igarapé do Mariano terra firme, arenoso, capoeira, alta, 31 Jul 1956, F.C. Mello 4016 (IAN, INPA); Margem do igarapé do parque 10, terra firme, arenoso, capoeira grossa, 6 Sept 1955, F.C. Mello 1830 (INPA, MG); Parque 10 de Novembro, terra firme, úmido, arenoso, capoeira fechada, alta, 29 Feb 1956, J. Chagas s.n. (INPA); Ponta Negra, 11 Feb 1977, M. Silva 2089 (INPA); Ponta Negra, campina de solo arenoso, 22 Jun 1961, W. Rodrigues 2059 (INPA); Praia de Lajes, opposite meeting of the waters, Manaus, 11 Feb 1977, G.T. Prance 24374 (INPA); Ramal Pau Rosa, na margem de um pequeno igarapé, 52 m, 02°50'42"S, 60°14'12"W, 11 Jun 2011, R. Goldenberg 1554 (INPA); Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, rodovia Manaus-Itacoatiara, km 26, lateral Oeste-Acará, floresta de baixio, 2°53'S, 59°58'W, 9 Aug 1995, C.A. Sothers 558 (INPA, SPF); Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, rodovia Manaus-Itacoatiara, km 26, saída do Igarapé Acará, área alterada, solo argiloso, próximo ao baixio/ igarapé, 02°53'S, 59°58'W, 6 Jun 1997, C.A. Sothers 1013 (INPA); Trilha próxima à entrada da Reserva Ducke pela AM-010 (km 26), ca. 300 m a partir da portaria da Reserva, trilha paralela à rodovia, 80 m, 2°54'49.72"S, 59°58'50.24"W, 22 Sept 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 346 (SPF); Maués, rio Maués-Assu, lado oposto à cidade de Maués, capoeira de terra firme, solo argilo-arenoso, 3°23'S, 57°45'W, 21 Jul 1983, C.A. Cid 4244 (INPA); Presidente Figueiredo, Balbina 193 km de Manaus, 12 Aug 1986, C.A.A. Freitas 156 (INPA); Entorno, entrada à direita na estrada indo para a vila, depois da entrada para o CPPMA, 1°00'S, 59°00'W, 29 Nov 2006, J.G. de Carvalho-Sobrinho 1246 (INPA, SPF); Entorno, picada da Suçuarana, 11 Jul 2007, S. Sakagawa 435 (INPA, SPF); Rio Preto da Eva, 2-5 km N of Manaus-Itacoatiara road at Km 79 near Rio Preto da Eva, 100-200 m, 24 Nov 1974, A.H. Gentry 12836 (INPA); São Gabriel da Cachoeira, road Camanaús-Uaupés near Camanaús, caatinga on white sand, terra firme, 1 Nov 1971, G.T. Prance 15986 (INPA); Tabatinga, próximo ao aeroporto, sub-base do projeto RADAM/BRASIL, quadrícula SB-19xA, ponto 02, 1 May 1976, C.D.A. Mota 358 (INPA, MG). Goiás: Alto Horizonte, Estrada para o trevinho, na ponte do rio Formiga, mata de galeria, 324 m, 14°9'1"S, 49°17'9"W, 1 May 2012, J.E.Q. Faria 2653 (SPF). Maranhão: Viana, Jan 1960, O. de Carvalho 13 (RB); Mato Grosso: Aripuanã, Margem direita do rio Aripuanã, acesso pelo ‘Balneário Oásis’, acima da cachoeira, 224 m, 10°9'53.1"S, 59°27'44.9"W, 14 Nov 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 380 (SPF); Cotriguaçu, Margem esquerda do rio Juruena, sentido montante, a partir da área de embarque da balsa, 192 m, 9°55'13.6"S, 58°15'4.2"W, 15 Nov 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 381 (SPF); Rio Juruena, ilha próximo à margem esquerda do rio, 199 m, 9°54'2.8"S, 58°13'38.8"W, 15 Nov 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 383 (SPF); Juara, margem direita do rio Apiacás, junto à primeira cachoeira, salto Apiacás, solo arenoso úmido, floresta aluvial, 26 May 1988, M. Macedo 1918 (INPA). Pará: Aramanahy, low and high land, 11 Jan 1932, M.D. Cost 255 (IAN); Approx. 18 km east of Tucurui and rio Tocantins, by BR 263, white-sand campina and campina forest (campinarana), 3°30'S, 49°32'W, 28 Oct 1981, D.C. Daly 1016 (INPA, MG); Beira do rio Mapuá, várzea, entre Vila Emilia e Boca do Mapuá, 18 Jul 1950, G.A. Black 50-9804 (IAN); Beira do rio Mojú, fábrica e cereanías, 1 Jun 1954, G.A. Black 54-16288 (IAN); Cacaual Grande, lado W do Canal Novais Filho, capoeira de várzea, 4 Jul 1952, G.A. Black 52-15399 (IAN, RB); Km 15, Belem Brasilia highway E of Belem, near check point, 9 Dec 1974, A.H. Gentry 13159 (IAN, INPA, MG); Km 56 da BR-163, O.H. Knowles 1476 (MG); Região do Anapú, rio Pracajaí, Portel, 16 Sept 1956, R.L. Fróes 32723 (IAN); Afuá, Rio Cajuuna, mata de várzea, margem inundável, 12 a 02 Sept - Oct 1992, U.N. Maciel 1899 (MG); Alemquer, várzea, Amazonian Costa Rica, 28 Jul 1903, A. Ducke s.n. (MG); Anajás, Jun 1900, A. Ducke s.n. (MG); Aramanai, Belterra, Jan 1932, R.C. Monteiro da Costa 255 (R); Aveiro, orla da mata firme, rio Tapajós, 2 Apr 1924, J.G. Kuhlmann 1887 (R, RB); Barcarena, Itupanema, quintal, 23 Oct 1985, M.C. Amorozo 220 (MG); Belém, Baixa da Pedreira, 3 Nov 1960, E. Oliveira 1146 (IAN); Capoeira do Black, 25 m, 1°26'11.1"S, 48°26'37"W, 04 Nov 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 360 (SPF); Capoeira do Black, 25 m, 1°26'11.1"S, 48°26'37"W, 04 Nov 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 361 (SPF); Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, capoeira do Black, A.C. da S. Andrade 141 (IAN); IPEAN grounds, forest edge and roadside second growth, alt. near sea level, 7 Dec 1974, A.H. Gentry 13123 (IAN, INPA, MG); On lands of Instituto Agronômico do Norte, 2 K SO of Administration Building, near Rio Guamá, 15 Feb 1944, A. Silva 117 (IAN); Parque do Utinga, aproximadamente 1,5 km da entrada do parque à direita, três metros da beira da estrada, 8 Jul 2011, F.F.P. Castro s.n. (MG); Benevides, rua na beira da BR316, no balneário Olho d’água, 1°21'19"S, 48°15'47"W, 31 Oct 2012, M.P. do Nascimento 521 (IAN); Breves, local onde foi feito um inventário florestal, Oct-Nov 1957, J.M. Pires 6653 (IAN); Gurupa, rio Moju, afluente do rio Amazonas, próximo ao porto de Gurupa, várzea alta, 8 Dec 1991, G. dos Santos 314 (MG); Rio Moju, afluente do rio Amazonas, próximo ao porto de Gurupa, várzea alta, 8 Dec 1991, G. dos Santos 317 (MG); Monte Alegre, Rio Maicurú, várzea, 12 Sept 1953, R.L. Fróes 30203 (IAN); Oriximiná, rio Paru do oeste, mata de beira de rio, solo argiloso, 5 Sept 1980, C.A. Cid 2155 (INPA, MG, RB); Ourém, 1°32'51"S, 47°6'36"W, Oct 2011, F.C.A. Lucas 228 (IAN); Capoeira, 5 Dec 1903, R.S. Rodr. s.n. (MG); Paragominas, Rodovia Belém-Brasília. Rio Uraim, beira do rio, terreno alagado, 18 Jan 1966, M. Silva 452 (MG); Porto Trombetas, mineração rio do norte, 1991, E. Soares 545 (INPA); Mineração rio do norte, 1991, E. Soares 766 (INPA); Mineração rio do norte, restinga do rio Trombetas 1991, E. Soares 345 (INPA); Mineração rio do norte, restinga do rio Trombetas, 3 Jul 1991, O.H. Knowles 1732 (INPA); Primavera, Subindo o rio Quatipuru, aproximadamente 5 km da ilha de Maçaranduba, capoeira baixa, 24 Nov 1993, R. Lisboa 2992 (MG); Santarém, Km 35 da estrada do Palhão, arredores do acampamento do igarapé Curupira, capoeira, beira do igarapé, 30 Aug 1969, M. Silva 2446 (MG); Rio Curuaúna, várzea inundável, região do planalto de Santarém onde foi feito o levantamento estatístico florestal pelo IAN, SPVEA e FAO, Oct 1954, R.L. Fróes 31360 (IAN); Tapeirinha para Santarém, terra firme, 25 Dec 1958, F. Markgraf 3872 (RB); Vitória do Xingu, Usina Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte, 19 Jun 2012, L.S. Lima 417 (MG). Rondônia: Porto Velho, BR 364, Rio Novo próximo ao acesso à UHE de Samuel, mata secundária, solo argilo-arenoso, 16 Aug 1987, A. Vasques 18 (INPA); Mata ciliar, UHE - Samuel, Rio Jamari, montante da UHE, margem direita, 10 May 1988, M. Pereira 230 (RB). Roraima: Boa Vista, T.F. de Roraima, terra firme, beira do rio, 20 Feb 1964, M. Silva 16 (IAN, MG); Caracaraí, margem direita do Rio Branco, 26 m, 1°2'50.3"S, 61°52'6.7"W, 8 Jun 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 273b (SPF); Rorainópolis, confluência Rio Negro/Rio Branco, margem esquerda do Rio Branco, 33 m, 1°23'30.2"S, 61°50'20.7"W, 7 Jun 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 250 (SPF); Foz do rio Branco no rio Negro, mata de igapó com interferência da água branca do rio Branco, 1°23'27.1"S, 61°50'31.6"W, 13 May 2015, B.M. Gomes 647 (SPF); Margem a jusante do rio Branco, borda de mata de várzea, 22 m, 1°4'41.92"S, 61°51'7.33"W, 8 Jun 2016, A. Frazão 267 (SPF); Margem esquerda do Rio Branco, 27 m, 1°17'42.2"S, 61°51'1.7"W, 10 Jun 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 330 (SPF); Margem esquerda do Rio Branco, 28 m, 0°38'47.7"S, 61°49'15.3"W, 9 Jun 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 309 (SPF); Margem esquerda do Rio Branco, 28 m, 0°38'47.9"S, 61°49'15.5"W, 9 Jun 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 310 (SPF); Margem esquerda do Rio Branco, 28 m, 0°38'54.1"S, 61°49'18.2"W, 9 Jun 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 311 (SPF); Margem esquerda do Rio Branco, 28 m, 0°38'54.1"S, 61°49'18.2"W, 9 Jun 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 312 (SPF); Margem esquerda do Rio Branco, 28 m, 0°50'30.3"S, 61°51'4.6"W, 8 Jun 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 289 (SPF); Margem esquerda do Rio Branco, 28 m, 0°50'30.3"S, 61°51'4.6"W, 8 Jun 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 290 (SPF); Margem esquerda do Rio Branco, 28 m, 1°16'41.8"S, 61°50'13.9"W, 10 Jun 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 329 (SPF); Margem esquerda do Rio Branco, 28 m, 1°5'46.9"S, 61°52'7.4"W, 10 Jun 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 324 (SPF); Margem esquerda do Rio Branco, 29 m, 1°23'9.4"S, 61°50'54.4"W, 7 Jun 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 251 (SPF); Margem esquerda do Rio Branco, 30 m, 0°39'20.1"S, 61°49'32.1"W, 9 Jun 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 313 (SPF); Margem esquerda do Rio Branco, 31 m, 1°23'2.8"S, 61°51'3.7"W, 7 Jun 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 252 (SPF); Margem esquerda do Rio Branco, 31 m, 1°23'22.9"S, 61°50'38"W, 10 Jun 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 332 (SPF); Margem esquerda do Rio Branco, 33 m, 0°40'57.1"S, 61°50'37.8"W, 8 Jun 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 302 (SPF); Margem esquerda do Rio Branco, 34 m, 1°20'39.7"S, 61°52'5.2"W, 7 Jun 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 262 (SPF); Margem esquerda do Rio Branco, 37 m, 0°50'32.4"S, 61°51'5.7"W, 8 Jun 2016, E.Y. Kataoka 288 (SPF). Colombia. Amazonas: Leticia, Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu, cerca de la Cabaña en la boca del río Amacayacu, bosque secundario, 14 Jun 1992, R. Rueda 525 (MO). Antioquia: Cáceres, 10-15 km NE de Cáceres en la Troncal de la paz, 180 m, 7°40'N, 75°22'W, 6 Nov 1987, R. Callejas 5380 (MO). Bolivar: Isla de Barú, entre Santa Ana y Playa Mojana, 20 m, 25 Aug 1986, H. Cuadros 3070 (MO); Road to Pta. Barú, W of Cartagena across Canal de Dique, scrubby (dry) forest remnants, 20 m, 10°18'N, 75°35'W, 4 Jul 1984, A.H. Gentry 47648 (MO); Cartagena, Along road ca. 7 km SW of Arroyo Grande, old secondary vegetation, 70 m, 10°36'N, 75°24'W, 31 Jul 1985, J.L. Zarucchi 3901 (MO); Morales, Cgto Norosí, caminoa Tiquisionuevo, 200 m, Apr 1985, H. Cuadros 2126 (MO); San Juan, Loma de los colorados, 2 km S of San Juan, disturbed moist forest, 300 m, 9°58'N, 75°10'W, 27 Oct 1989, A.H. Gentry 68258 (MO); Turbaco, Camino al depositario, 100 m, 8 Jun 1982, H.C. Villalobos 1373 (MO). Córdoba: Ayapel, Carreteable a Ayapel de la Carretera Caucasia - Nechi, Finca del diamante, 50 m, 8°12'N, 74°47'W, 5 May 1999, F.J. Roldán 2807 (MO); Junction of río Tigre and río manso, Paramillo National Park, transect no. 6, 200 m, 7°30'N, 76°5'W, 28 Jul 1988, A.H. Gentry 63841 (MO). Caquetá: Solano, Sitio Araracuara, pista de aterrizaje, colecciones sobre afloramiento rocoso, 200 m, 0°35'S, 72°25'W, 10-25 May 1998, M.V. Arbeláez 1088 (MO). Chocó: Riosucio, Peye, orillas del río Peye, 30 m, 5 Jun 1976, E. Forero 1874 (INPA). Sucre: San Onofre, corregimiento "Las Brisas", clto de “Salas”, Arroyo “Mambú”, 11 Sept 1996, A. Realpe 229 (SPF). Valle: Bajo Calima, pluvial forest, road to Juanchaco Palmeras, 100 m, 3°55'N, 77°2'W, 10 Jul 1984, A.H. Gentry 47843 (MO). Costa Rica. Alajuela: San Isidro de San Ramón, 1259 m, 10°4'46"N, 84°26'30"W, 25 Oct 1986, G. Herrera 123 (MO); Cantón de Upala, Z.P. Tenorio, cordillera de Guanacaste, Bijagua, primary forest on a ridge at Volcán Tenorio, premontane rainforest, 1000-1500 m, 10°43'0"N, 85°1'0"W, 20 Apr 1995, D. Penneys 485 (MO). Guanacaste: Liberia, P.N. Guanacaste, cuenca del Tempisque, estación Cacao, alrededores de la estación, 1100 m, 10°55'36"N, 85°28'6"W, 7 Aug 2007, A. Soto 1822 (MO); P.N. Guanacaste, cordillera de Guanacaste, Estación Cacao, Sendero Maritza, 1100 m, 10°55'43"N, 85°28'10"W, 9 Feb 1995, L. Angulo 42 (MO); P.N. Guanacaste, cuenca del Tempisque sector Cacao, hacia la estacíon de 1.5 km, después del río Góngora, 650 m, 10°53'10.421"N, 85°28'19"W, 30 Apr 2000, L. Acosta 1057 (MO); P.N. Rincón de la Vieja, cuenca del Tempisque, sendero hacia el cráter, 1004 m, 10°47'19.3"N, 85°20'57"W, 31 May 2011, L.D. Vargas 4556 (MO); Parque Nacional de Guanacaste estación Cacao, 1100 m, 10°55'45"N, 85°28'15"W, 31 Oct 1993, C. Chávez 332 (MO); Parque Rincón de La Vieja, del mirador siguiendo la fila al volcán Santa María, 1100 m, 10°46'N, 85°49'W, 22 Nov 1987, G. Herrera 1364 (MO). Heredia: La Selva, Río Sarapiqui near Puerto Viejo, tropical wet forest, junction SSO and LOC trails, 100 m, 10°26'N, 84°1'W, 8 Jan 1993, A.H. Gentry 78642 (MO). Puntarenas: Monteverde, Pacific slope forest, 1450 m, 8 Aug 1985, W.A. Haber 2204 (MO); Monteverde, Pacific slope forest, 1450 m, 8 Aug 1985, W.A. Haber 2211 (MO); Golfito, P.N. Corcovado, peninsula de Osa, Estacion Sirena, sendero Espaveles, 0 m, 8°28'51"N, 83°35'42"W, 16 Jan 1997, R. Aguilar 4986 (MO); Refugio de Vida Silvestre Golfito, camino a la Gamba, 94 m, 8°40'56"N, 83°11'50"W, 9 Oct 2008, R. Aguilar 11418 (MO, SPF); San Luis, Monteverde, camino a Veracruz, 1050 m, 10°16'35"N, 84°47'45"W, 16 Oct 1992, A. Fernández 440 (MO). San Jose: Reserva Biológica Carara, sector Bijagual, sitio Sendero Bijagual-Quebrada Bonita, 550 m, 9°46'20"N, 84°33'50"W, 1 Nov 1990, R. Zúñiga 327 (MO); Cantón de Dota, faja costeña del Valle de Parrita, faldas Cerro Narra, quebrada Salitrillo, bosque primario cerca del cauce, 200 m, 9°28'55"N, 84°2'50"W, 19 Jul 1995, J.F. Morales 4572 (MO). Ecuador. Cantón Archidona: Napo, Faldas al sur del Volcán Sumaco, carretera Hollin-Loreto, km 31, comuna Challua Yacu, bosque pluvial pre montano, suelos de origen volcánico, 1200 m, 0°43'S, 77°36'W, 15-17 Nov 1988, A. Alvarado 46 (MO). Los Ríos: Hacienda Los Ocho, km 50 on road from Santo Domingo to Quevado, wet Forest, 200 m, 4 Feb 1974, A.H. Gentry 9640 (QCA). Napo: Archidona Cantón, faldas al sur del Volcán Sumaco, carretera Hollin-Loreto, km 31, comuna Challua Yacu, bosque pluvial pre montano, suelos de origen volcánico, 1200 m, 0°43'S, 77°36'W, 15-17 Nov 1988, A. Alvarado 46 (QCNE). Orellana: Along MAXUS (YPF) road at Km 50, Yasuni National Park, 250 m, 16 Mar 1997, R.J. Burnham 1493 (QCNE). Pastaza: Shell, Vicinity of Shell, 1.2 km N of town, disturbed virgin forest in swampy area, 1092 m, 1°29'33"S, 78°3'57"W, 9 May 2003, T.B. Croat 88873 (QCNE). Pichincha: Quito Cantón, Parroquia Puerto Quito, reserva Florestal de ENDESA, 10 km al norte de Alvaro Pérez Intriago, bosque muy húmedo premontano, bosque primario, transectos, 650-800 m, 00°03'N, 79°07'W, 11 Jun 1990, C.E. Cerón 10140 (MO, QCNE). Sucumbíos: Lago Agrio Cantón, Reserva Cuyabeno, laguna Grande, bosque húmedo tropical, bosque primario sobre suelo bien drenado alrededor de cabañas de Neotropic, 230 m, 0°0'S, 76°11'W, 15 Nov 1991, W. Palacios 9153 (QCNE). Zamora-chinchipe: Nangaritza Cantón, Mizai, in río Nangaritza valley, forest on slope above military post, 850 m, 4°18'S, 78°40'W, 31 Jul 1993, A.H. Gentry 80967 (QCNE). French Guiana. Montagne de Kaw, borde de piste forestière, 40 m, 4°33'N, 52°9'W, 25 Mar 1988, G. Cremers 9827 (MO); Cayenne, Ile de Cayenne, bord de route, la rocade, entre les ronds points Baduel et la Madeleine à proximité du croisement avec la route Raban, 7 m, 4°56'N, 52°20'W, 9 Mar 2009, C. Delnatte 1693 (MO). Saül: La Fumée Mountain, Antenne Nord, non-flooded moist forest, 400 m, 3°37'N, 53°12'W, 14 May 1986, S.A. Mori 17998 (MO). Guyana. Bords de la Rivière du Maroni 1861, M. Melinon 13 (R); Kariako village, Barama river, North-West District Mora riparian forest around Kariako village, 145 m, 7°22'N, 59°42'W, 23 Dec 1995, T. van Andel 680 (MO). Honduras. Atlántida: Campamento Quebrada Grande ca. 10 km south west of La Ceiba, at base of north slope of Pico Bonito, from camp to 2 km east of camp, upland forest on slope, 80 - 180 m, 15°42'N, 86°51'W, 10 May 1993, R.L. Liesner 26180 (MO). Yoro: Cordillera Nombre de Dios, hills S of San José de Texíguat, evergreen rainforest on steep slopes, 350 m, 15°29'N, 87°26'W, 17 May 1991, G. Davidse 34509 (MO). Mexico. Veracruz: Hidalgotitlán, afluente O del río Las Cuevas, +/- 7-9 horas a pie al S del de La Laguna, área arriba de las cascadas donde el arroyo corre en direccíon E-O, entre lomas con suelos prof., selva alta perenifolia con mucha jimba, 350 m, 17°13'30"N, 94°30'30"W, 17 Apr 1982, T. Wendt 3865 (MO). Peru. Amazonas: Bagua, Distrito Imaza, Comunidad de Yamakat, bosque primario, 600 m, 5°3'24"S, 78°20'17"W, 6 Jun 1997, R. Vásquez 23907 (MO). San Martín: Prov. Mariscal Caceres, Dtto Tocache Nuevo, al sud oeste del Aeropuerto de Tocache Nuevo, en bosque secundario, 400 m, 12 Jan 1970, J. Schunke V. 3691 (INPA). Loreto: Km 22 Yurimaguas-Tarapoto road, remnant patch of mature forest on white sand and adjacent scrub, 190 m, 6°S, 76°13'W, 10 Oct 1985, A.H. Gentry 52177 (MO); Iquitos, Laguna Quistococha, ca. 15 km SW of Iquitos, 8 July 1977, J.C. Solomon 3448 (MO). Madre de Dios: Tobapata Province, Cuzco Amazónico Lodge, lago Sandobal and río Madre de Dios, lake edge, aguajal, 200 m, 12°35'S, 69°3'W, 14 Apr 1990, P. Núñez 12071 (MO). Maynas: Alpahuayo (km 25, carretera Iquitos-Nat.), Estacíon IIAP, bosque primario, 19 Oct 1984, R. Vásquez 5769 (MO); Iquitos, Río Itaya, Sanangal, restinga over silty clay mostly disturbed, 110 m, 17 May 1980, S. McDaniel 23739 (MO); Río Nanay, Carretera de Picuruyacu, en terreno arenoso, 160 m, 23 Sept 1981, M. Rimachi Y. 5720 (MO); Nauta, Carretera a Iquitos, bosque inundable estacional, 150 m, 4°29'S, 75°35'W, 12 Dec 1986, R. Vásquez 8604 (MO); Pebas, Río Ampiyacu, 19 Jul 1976, J. Revilla 924 (MO). Pasco: Oxapampa, Dist. Palcazú, comunidad nativa Alto Lagarto - Reserva Comunal Yanesha, remanente de bosque primario, 584 m, 10°9'7"S, 75°23'32"W, 30 Oct 2009, R. Rojas 7122 (SPF); Distrito Palcazú. Comunidad Nativa Centro Connás, bosque primario remanente en borde de carretera, 373 m, 10°9'59"S, 75°16'5"W, 14 May 2010, R. Vásquez 36497 (SPF). Tocache Nuevo: San Martín, al sud oeste del Aeropuerto de Tocache Nuevo, en bosque secundario, 400 m, 12 Jan 1970, J. Schunke V. 3691 (IAN). Suriname. Brokopondo: NW of Brokopondo Stuwmeer Lake (E of Brownsberg Nature Reserve), Tonka island, trail west from main compound, high forest on laterite soil, 15 m, 4°35'N, 55°7'W, 4 Feb 1999, B. Hoffman 5299 (MO); Brownsweg, near Brownsweg Nature Park, scarcely disturbed high mesophytic rain forest on slope, gravelly clay soil, 240 m, 4°35'41.28"N, 55°6'0"W, 7 Oct 2005, S. Ruysschaert SRU 728 (SPF). Paramaribo: Bakboord farm and lake property, just within NE corner of Paramaribo city limits, ca. 1 km N of Kwattaweg, ca. 1/ 2 km E of Henri Fernandesweg, secondary forest patch bordering fairly recently abandoned pastureland, 5°50'60"N, 55°12'59.97"W, 25 Nov 1996, R.J. Evans 2591 (MO, RB). Sipaliwini: Kwamalasemutu village vicinity, 50 m, 2°22.5'N, 56°47.3'W, 23 Feb 1999, M.J. Plotkin 1359 (MO). Venezuela. Delta Amacuro, cienega de selva húmeda caliente y selva de galería, carretera Caño Guará - La Horqueta, 30-31 Jan 1982, B. Stergios 3982 (MO). Amazonas: Road from San Fernando do Atapabo to Santa Barbara 12-40 km from San Fernando, thickets and forest, mostly on white sand, 110 m, 24 Mar 1974, A.H. Gentry 10964 (MO); Atures, bosque húmedo del río Cataniapo entre San Pedro de Cataniapo y comunidad El Milagro, 95 m, 6°25'N, 67°25'W, 12 Aug 1986, A. Castillo 2179 (MO); Primary rainforest, along road between Paso el Diablo and Caño de Culebra, 25-30 km southeast of Puerto Ayacucho, 100 m, 12 May 1980, J.A. Steyermark 122336 (MO). Bolivar: Reserva Florestal Itamaca, selva pluvial del bajo río Botanamo, entre su desemboque al río Cuyuni hasta la boca del río Guarapín, 16-17 Jul 1983, B. Stergios 6108 (MO).

Figures

Figure 9. Martinella obovata (Kunth) Bureau & K. Schum A flowering branch B interpetiolar region with minute and triangular prophylls C trifid tendril D abaxial side of leaflet with patelliform glandular trichomes E calyx external view F detail of calyx indumentum G open flower showing anthers, trichome distribution, and reduced (ca. 1 mm) staminode H gynoecium I fruit flattened with a smooth surface J winged seed. Illustrated by Klei Sousa, based on E. Y. Kataoka 309 (B), 329 (C, J) and 360 (A, D-I), SPF.

Figure 10. Distribution map of Martinella obovata.