Megachile (Megachiloides) chomskyi Sheffield

Sheffield, Cory S., 2013, A new species of Megachile Latreille subgenus Megachiloides (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), ZooKeys 283, pp. 43-58 : 45-56

Megachile (Megachiloides) chomskyi Sheffield sp. n. Figures 3e, 4, 5a, 6a, 7, 8, 9a

Holotype.

♂ (Figure 4), 29707 // TEXAS: Winkler Co., 13.2 mi. E of 18 on rd 404, 31.767°N, 102.824°W, 15-vi-2005, J. Neff & A. Hook // on flowers of Calylophus hartweggii // Megachile amica Cresson ♂, det J.L. Neff 2005 // BeeBOL, CCDB-03768 A03, BEECE003-10 [DNA barcode accession #s] // RSKM_ENT_E-0100327; deposited in the Royal Saskatchewan Museum, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Allotype. ♀, 29701 // TEXAS: Winkler Co., 13.2 mi. E of 18 on rd 404, 31.767°N, 102.824°W, 15-vi-2005, J. Neff & A. Hook // on flowers of Calylophus hartweggii // Megachile amica Cresson ♀, det J.L. Neff 2005 // BeeBOL, CCDB-03768 A02, BEECE002-10 [DNA barcode accession #s] // RSKM_ENT_E-0100328; deposited in the Royal Saskatchewan Museum, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Paratypes.

♂ TEXAS: Ward Co., Monahans Sandhills State Park, campground area, 31°38'12"N, 102°49'01"W 13 June 1998, C.R. Nelson #6733 & class // Megachile amica ♂, det. J. Neff 2005 // UTIC // RSKM_ENT_E-0100589; ♀, 31173 // TEXAS: Ward Co., Monahans Sandhill S. P., 31.640°N, 102.819°W, J.L. Neff, 20-v-2006 // on flowers of Calylophus hartweggii // Megachile amica Cresson ♀, det J.L. Neff 2006 // BeeBOL, CCDB-03768 A04, BEECE004-10 [DNA barcode accession #s] // RSKM_ENT_E-0100591; 2♀, 29812, 29813 // TEXAS: Ward Co., Monahans Sandhill S. P., 31.640°N, 102.819°W, 16-vi-2005, J. Neff & A. Hook // on flowers of Calylophus hartweggii // Megachile amica Cresson ♀, det J.L. Neff 2005 // RSKM_ENT_E-0100592, RSKM_ENT_E-0100593; ♀, TEXAS: Ward Co., Monahans Sandhill S. P., N31.640 W102.818, 16.VI.2005, elev 829m, A.W. Hook, J.L. Neff // Megachile amica Cresson ♀, det J.L. Neff 2005 // UTIC // RSKM_ENT_E-0100590; ♀, 29703 // TEXAS: Winkler Co., 13.2 mi. E of 18 on rd 404, 31.767°N, 102.824°W, 15-vi-2005, J. Neff & A. Hook // on flowers of Calylophus hartweggii // Megachile amica Cresson ♀, det J.L. Neff 2005 // BeeBOL, CCDB-03768 A01, BEECE001-10 [DNA barcode accession #s] // RSKM_ENT_E-0100579; 9♀'s, 29694-29700, 29704- 29705 // TEXAS: Winkler Co., 13.2 mi. E of 18 on rd 404, 31.767°N; 102.824°W, 15-vi-2005, J. Neff & A. Hook // on flowers of Calylophus hartweggii // Megachile amica Cresson ♀, det J.L. Neff 2005 // RSKM_ENT_E-0100580-588; ♀, 21454 // TEXAS: Kleberg Co., Sarita, 3 mi. N, 27°82.94"N, 97°47.92"W, 22-iv-2001, J.L. Neff // on flowers of Oenothera drummondii // Megachile amica Cresson ♀, det J.L. Neff // RSKM_ENT_E-0100594; ♀, May, Austin, Texas // Megachile amica Cresson ♀, det J.L. Neff 01 // UTIC // RSKM_ENT_E-0100595. Paratypes deposited in the Royal Saskatchewan Museum, the Central Texas Melittological Institute, the University of Kansas, the USDA Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, and the American Museum of Natural History.

Diagnosis.

The male of Megachile chomskyi can be distinguished by the combination of the long glossum, the carina a T6 being entire and triangular, the pale somewhat expanded front basitarsus with a row of elongate black densely plumose hairs beneath the white fringe of hairs (Figure 5a), the shallowly emarginate clypeal margin with a small, subapical median tubercle (Figure 6a), the body with pubescence entirely pale, the dense white tomentum of T3-T5 (Figure 4c), and S5 with postgradular area narrowly and deeply incised medially, almost separated into two halves (Figure 7c). It is most similar to other Megachiloides s. str. ( Megachile amica , Megachile oenotherae , and Megachile umatillensis ; i.e. the oenotherae species group) which all lack the pronounced median tubercle on the clypeal margin (Figure 6b). Male Megachile amica are typically smaller (10-12 mm), and have the carina of T6 less produced, with much dark pubescence on the apical terga, and S5 with postgradular area widely separated medially in basal half; males of Megachile oenotherae and Megachile umatillensis lack the black plumose hairs on the front basitarsis (Figure 5b), Megachile oenotherae has darker front tarsi, and much dark pubescence on the mesoscutum and mesoscutellum.

In addition to also possessing a relatively long tongue with the second labial palpomere at least 1.7 × the length of the first (Figure 3e), the female of Megachile chomskyi can be distinguished by the 3-dentate mandible, with a small vestige of a tooth just posterior to the middle one, thus approaching a 4-tooth condition (Figure 8c), the relatively large size (13.5 mm), and the uniformly short dark hairs on T2-T4. It is also most similar to Megachile amica , Megachile oenotherae , and Megachile umatillensis . Females of Megachile amica are typically smaller (9-10 mm), and have dark hairs of varying length on T2-T4; females of Megachile oenotherae and Megachile umatillensis have an even longer tongue, the second labial palpomere at least 3 × the length of the first (Figures 3f and g).

Description.

Male: Body length 13 mm, forewing length 10 mm. Head width 4.3 mm; head length 3.9 mm (Figure 4b). Tongue length 7.2 mm, first (i.e. basal) labial palpomere 0.55 × length of second (Figure 3e). Intertegular distance 3.7 mm; distance between outer margins of tegulae 4.8 mm.

Structure. Compound eyes subparallel to slightly convergent below (Figure 4b). Lateral ocelli slightly nearer to compound eye than to edge of vertex (5:6). Mandibles 3-dentate, lower process of mandible slender, acute, subbasal in position. Clypeal margin narrowly shiny and impunctate, broadly and shallowly emarginate with a distinct median tubercle (Figure 6a). Gena as wide as compound eye in profile. F1 as long as broad, subequal in length to pedicel, slightly shorter than F2, F2 quadrate to very slightly longer than broad, F3-F8 longer than broad (2.5:2), apical segments more so (3:2), apical flagellomere more elongate, about twice as long as broad. Front coxal spine short, distinct, longer than broad, subacute with short dense patch of pale pubescence at tip, ventral surface otherwise bare, with small patch of reddish-brown subappressed bristles at base. T2 with shallow but distinct basal groove apical to gradulus, graduli of T3-T4 more distinct with carinate rims, basal grooves of T5 and T6 very deep, graduli with hyaline carinate rims. Apical margins of T2 and T3 slightly depressed, T4 and T5 very much so. T6 with carina entire, evenly triangular in dorsal view (Figure 4c), apical 1/3 slightly curved downward, median carinate teeth of apical margin very large and broadly rounded, closer to lateral teeth than to each other (2:3). T7 visible, triangular, pointed tip about as broad as long, gradulus deeply emarginated medially, triangular. S4 with apical margin very slightly emarginate medially with wide (1 OD) hyaline apical rim. S5 with pregradular area very thin medially, postgradular area narrow, deeply incised medially, almost separated into two halves, apical rim laterally produced with median hair tuft (Figure 7c). S6 with apical lobe emarginate medially, with lateral edges broadly angulate (~90°), postgradular area heavily sclerotized, setal patches rather widely divided, base of pregradular area slightly re-curved ventrally (several mites were found in the resulting cavity) (Figure 7b). S8 with lateral edges concave, apex rounded (Figure 7a). Gonocoxite sinuate in lateral view, with distinct ventral angle in basal third, narrowed basal to gonostylus region, ventral apical angle produced into small angular projection, dorsal apical surface covered with elongate hairs; penis valve relatively straight, slightly curved at tip and exceeding gonocoxite in length (Figures 7d and 7e).

Colour and pubescence. Integument black, tegula and apical tarsomere dark brown, front femur yellowish-brown ventrally, basitarsus yellow on outer surface, becoming light brown along edges, reddish brown ventrally, tibial spurs yellowish-brown, T6 with me dian apical teeth reddish brown, apical edge of S4 broadly (i.e. 1.5 OD) hyaline. Wings clear, faintly hyaline apically beyond veins, veins dark brown. Pubescence entirely pale yellowish-white on body, becoming somewhat paler to white on mesosoma ventrally, dense and entirely pale yellow on face below level of median ocellus, mesoscutum rather sparsely but uniformly pubescent, becoming slightly longer and denser at periphery and on scutellum, terga with mostly pale yellowish-white pubescence, long and rather dense on T1, sparser but long and suberect on T2, erect hairs becoming sparser on T3-T5, basal groove of T3 and T4 with narrow band of white tomentum, more extensive on T5 (Figure 4c), T6 thinly pale pubescent above carina, with elongate plumose hairs laterally and below carina, T2-T5 with dense white apical fascia; front basitarsus with row of elongate black densely plumose hairs beneath white fringe of hairs (Figure 5a).

Surface sculpture. Punctures fine and close on face, somewhat shallow but distinct on gena, becoming deeper but rather fine and close (<1pd) on vertex medially, more irregular sized but still close on vertex laterally, fine and very close on clypeus and on supraclypeal area, apical edge of clypeus narrowly shiny and impunctate, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with punctures shallow but distinct, rather fine and uniformly close, surface dull, punctures becoming deeper on pleura below, tegula finely and closely punctate throughout, propodeum with shallow, fine punctures with i=0.5-1pd, triangle dull, smooth and impunctate, punctures fine over most of dorsal surface of metasoma, minute and very close on T2, larger but still close (i<1pd) on T3, larger on T4 with shiny i=1pd, larger and somewhat elongate on apical 1/3 of T5, fine and densely crowded on T6, coarse and close (i=1pd) on S1-S2, becoming sparser (i=3-4pd) in apical half of S3-S4.

Female: Body length 13-13.5 mm, forewing length 8.5 mm. Head width 4.0 mm; head length 3.3 mm (Figure 8b). Tongue length 7.2 mm, first (i.e. basal) labial palp 0.55 × length of second (Figure 3e). Intertegular distance 3.3 mm; distance between outer margins of tegulae 4.2 mm.

Structure. Compound eyes very slightly convergent below (Figure 8b). Lateral ocelli as near to compound eye as to edge of vertex. Mandible 3-dentate, two apical teeth approximate, with small angle interrupting long cutting edge between 2nd and inner teeth (Figure 8c). Clypeal margin smooth, very slightly produced in median third. Gena as wide as compound eye in profile. F1 as long as broad, and subequal in length to pedicel, longer than F2, F2 broader than long (1.5: 1.2), F3-F9 quadrate to slightly longer than broad, apical flagellomere more elongate (2.5:1.5). T2-T5 with shallow but distinct grooves across base, graduli carinate, apical margins slightly depressed, laterally only on T2. T6 very slightly concave in profile.

Colour and pubescence. Integument black, flagellum and tegula dark brown, tibial spurs yellow-brown. Wings clear, faintly hyaline apically beyond veins, veins dark brown. Pubescence mostly white on body, a few short dark hairs on vertex laterally, in apical half of T2 (basal to fasciae), more extensive on T3, occupying almost entire surface of T4 and T5 (Figure 9a), T6 with short, thick, black pubescence interspersed with thin, pale, longer hairs. S2-S5 with scopa white, black on S6, pale hairs sparse on clypeus and supraclypeal area, becoming denser and longer on face around bases of antennae, mesoscutum sparsely pubescent, with short erect hairs, more dense at periphery, more elongate on mesoscutellum and pleura.

Surface sculpture. Punctures fine and close on face, rather shallow on gena with surface shiny, deeper but rather fine and very close on vertex medially, slightly larger but still close on vertex laterally, quite coarse on clypeus in apical half, with i=≤1pd and reaching apical edge, closer laterally, much finer and closer in basal 1/3 and on supraclypeal area; mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with punctures shallow but distinct, rather fine and uniformly close, surface dull, punctures becoming deeper and slightly more separated on pleura below, tegula finely and closely punctate throughout, propodeum with shallow, fine punctures with i=0.5-1pd, triangle dull, smooth and impunctate; punctures fine over most of metasoma, minute and very close on T1 (dorsal surface) and T2, similar apically on T3 and T4, though interspaces larger in basal half (i=1-2pd), more coarse but still close (i=≤1pd) on T5, coarse and densely crowded to finely subrugose on T6, coarse and close on basal sterna, becoming slightly more separated on apically sterna, quite sparse on S6 (i=2pd).

Etymology.

It is my pleasure to name this species after Professor Noam Chomsky, Department of Linguistics & Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) for his many academic achievements and contributions as a linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, historian, political critic, activist and global champion of human rights and freedoms.

Distribution.

Megachile chomskyi is known from the state of Texas, United States.