Brachineurini Edwards, 1937

Jiao, Kelong, Han, Peijin, Wang, Yuanhong & Bu, Wenjun, 2016, General review of the tribe Brachineurini (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) with description of Pennaticoxita tauricornuta gen. & sp. nov. from China, Zoological Systematics 41 (3), pp. 307-314 : 308-310

Tribe Brachineurini Edwards, 1937

Brachineurini Edwards, 1937: 146 . Type genus: Brachineura Rondani, 1840 .

Brachineuridi Gagné, 1994: 52 (promoted to supertribe).

Brachineurini Gagné & Jaschhof, 2014: 393 (demoted to tribe).

Diagnosis. The tribe Brachineurini is characterized by the uniqueness of antenna with 10 flagellomeres and palpus with 3 segments in the subfamily Cecidomyiinae . It is distinguishable from Ledomyiini Skuhravá by its gonocoxite having mediobasal lobe neither sublobing nor clasping aedeagus.

General description. Adult. Palpus with 3 segments, last two segments longer than first one ( Fig. 1 ). Antenna with 10 flagellomeres, each with one neck and only one basal node ( Fig. 2 ). Wing ( Fig. 3 ) setose, usually covered with narrow scales and setose; vein R 1 joining vein C at basal 2/5; vein R 5 bent a little backward, joining vein C at wing apex, or R 5 bent a little forward in the middle, joining vein C distinctly anterior to wing apex; vein Cu forked or not. Tarsal claw ( Fig. 4 ) usually toothed on all legs, sometimes not. Male seventh and eighth tergites both reduced to one strongly sclerotized and linear band. Male genitalia ( Figs 10–11 ). Gonocoxite having undeveloped mediobasal lobe that reduced to one to several setae or prominences, or having one or two developed mediobasal lobes; gonostylus shaped and arched variously; cerci separated to form two lobes; hypoproct simple, or emarginated, or separated forming two lobes; aedeagus shaped variously, sometimes with prominences or other modifications. Female genitalia. Ovipositor short and not protrusible; cerci separated with two short lobes; hypoproct usually broad, simple or separated to form two lobes.

Remarks. In the present paper, a subtribal arrangement of the tribe Brachineurini by dividing into two new subtribes including Brachineurina subtrib. nov. and Brachyneurina subtrib. nov., is proposed depending on whether male gonocoxite having mediobasal lobe undeveloped or well-developed. According to the subtribal arrangement above, the two genera, Novocalmonia Ozdikmen and Cingola Fedotova & Sidorenko should be added to the tribe Brachineurini by their 3-segmented palpus and antenna with 10 flagellomeres, which should further belong to the subtribe Brachyneurina by male gonocoxite having densely pubescent and developed mediobasal lobe. Therefore, the subtribe Brachineurina subtrib. nov. includes 11 genera and the subtribe Brachyneurina subtrib. nov. with 5 genera, with the details given in the key below.

Key to males of all known genera in the tribe Brachineurini including subtribal arrangement.

1. Gonocoxite having mediobasal lobe undeveloped, only with one to several setae or prominences ( Fig. 11 ) (subtribe Brachineurina ) ...................................................................................................................................................................................2 Gonocoxite having mediobasal lobe well-developed ( Fig. 10 ) (subtribe Brachyneurina ) ..............................................................12

2. Vein Cu forked ( Fig. 9 ) ........................................................................................................................................................................3 Vein Cu not forked ( Figs 3 , 8 )..............................................................................................................................................................6

3. Gonocoxite with a stout distal lobe to make gonostylus inserted on the middle of gonocoxite ............................ Epimyiella Mamaev Gonocoxite without distal lobe ............................................................................................................................................................4

4. Gonostylus modified to be hippocampus-shaped ................................................................................................ Effusomyia Fedotova Gonostylus without any modifications or lobes ...................................................................................................................................5

5. Gonocoxite having mediobasal lobe with a smaller, slender and sclerotized prominence .............. Stabiliola Fedotova & Sidorenko Gonocoxite having mediobasal lobe only with setae and without sclerotized prominences .................................... Rhizomyia Kieffer

6. Vein R 5 bent a little backward, joining vein C at wing apex ( Fig. 3 ) ...................................................................................................7 Vein R 5 bent a little forward in the middle, joining vein C distinctly anterior to wing apex ................................................................9

7. Hypoproct slightly emarginated in the distal............................................................................................................. Coccidomyia Felt Hypoproct emarginated forming two distinct lobes .............................................................................................................................8

8. Gonostylus with a sub-conical basal lobe protruding outwardly; gonocoxite without any other modifications or lobes ....................... ....................................................................................................................................................... Alatostyla Fedotova & Sidorenko Gonostylus normally shaped, without lobes; gonocoxite with a wing-shaped dorsal lobe........... Pennaticoxita Jiao & Bu , gen. nov.

9. Gonocoxite inwardly with a stout distal lobe; cerci with a depression forming two slender lobes ................................... Epimyia Felt Gonocoxite without distal lobes; cerci with a deep depression forming two broad lobes ..................................................................10

10. Gonostylus with basal lobe distinctly protruding outwardly ........................................................ Nodalistyla Fedotova & Sidorenko Gonostylus without basal lobes .......................................................................................................................................................... 11

11. Scutum completely covered with scales............................................................................................................. Brachineura Rondani Scutum with most areas devoid of scales ............................................................................................................. Chrybaneura Gagné

12. Vein R 5 bent a little backward at distal 1/3, joining vein C slightly anterior to wing apex................................................................. 13 VeinR 5 bent a little forward in the middle, joining vein C distinctly anterior to wing apex ( Fig. 8 ) ................................................. 14

13. Gonocoxite with one or two swollen, unsclerotized and densely pubescent mediobasal lobes..................... Brachyneurina Mamaev Gonocoxite with a sclerotized and snowman-shaped mediobasal lobe ........................................... Volsatiola Fedotova & Sidorenko

14. Vein Cu forked, with the base of the upper branch missing and invisible .................................................... Novocalmonia Ozdikmen Vein Cu unforked ...............................................................................................................................................................................15

15. Gonocoxite with a sub-conical mediobasal lobe ................................................................................ Cingola Fedotova & Sidorenko Gonocoxite with a swollen, hemispheric mediobasal lobe........................................................... Undoneura Fedotova & Sidorenko

Figures

Figures 1–4. Pennaticoxita tauricornuta gen. & sp. nov., male. 1. Palpus, lateral view. 2. Third flagellomere, dorsal view. 3. Wing, dorsal view. 4. Fore acropod, lateral view. Scale bars: 1–2, 4=20μm; 3 =200μm.

Figures 10–11. Male genitailia, dorsal view, cerci and hypoproct removed. 10. Cingola circularis Jiao & Bu. 11. Rhizomyia meniscata Jiao & Bu. Scale bars=50 μm.

Figures 8–9. Wings, dorsal view. 8. Cingola circularis Jiao & Bu. 9. Rhizomyia meniscata Jiao & Bu. Scale bars =100 μm.