Eidmanacris Chopard, 1956

Nihei, Silvio S., 2017, Taxonomic review of Eidmanacris Chopard, 1956 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae), Zootaxa 4321 (1), pp. 1-93 : 8-11

Eidmanacris Chopard, 1956

Eidmanniella Chopard, 1938: 159 . Type species, Eidmanniella larvaeformis Chopard, 1938 , by original designation. Preocc. Eidmanniella Keler, 1938 .

Eidmanacris Chopard, 1956: 254 (note, new replacement name for Eidmanniella Chopard); Chopard, 1968 : 278 (catalogue); Mesa & de Mello, 1985:199 –204 (new species, note) Desutter-Grandcolas, 1987: 233 (note); Desutter-Grandcolas, 1990: 53 (note); de Mello, 1990: 146 (comparison); Trajano & Gnaspini, 1991: 383 –404 (biology note); Otte, 1994: 56 (catalogue); Desutter-Grandcolas, 1995a: 453 –473 (new species, notes and key to species); Mesa et al., 1998: 43 –61 (new combination, new species); Prado & Fontanetti, 2005: 83 –87 (morphology); Prado, 2006: 452 –457 (reproductive behavior); de Mello, 2007: 245 –257 (reproductive behavior); Mews & Sperber, 2009: 647 –655 (note); de Mello, Horta & Bolfarini, 2013: 88 (note); Gorochov, 2014: 13 (note); Souza-Dias, Campos & Nihei, 2015: 547–555 (new species, notes); Campos, Souza-Dias, Nihei & de Mello, 2015: 228 –248 (new species, note); Bolfarini, 2016: 525 (new species, distribution notes).

Endophallusia de Mello, 1990: 145 . Type species, Endophallusia minuta de Mello, 1990 . Syn. nov.

Included species:

E. larvaeformis ( Chopard, 1938) (type species)

E. alboannulata ( Piza, 1960)

E. dissimilis Desutter-Grandcolas, 1995

E. fusca Desutter-Grandcolas, 1995

E. marmorata ( Bruner, 1916)

E. meridionalis Desutter-Grandcolas, 1995

E. multispinosa , Desutter-Grandcolas, 1995

E. paramarmorata Desutter-Grandcolas, 1995

E. septentrionalis Desutter-Grandcolas, 1995

E. tridentata Desutter-Grandcolas, 1995

E. bidentata Sperber, 1998

E. corumbatai Garcia, 1998

E. longa Gorochov, 2014

E. caipira Souza-Dias, Campos & Nihei, 2015

E. suassunai Souza-Dias, Campos & Nihei, 2015

E. bernardii Nihei & de Mello, 2015

E. eliethae Nihei & de Mello, 2015

E. papaveroi Nihei & de Mello, 2015

E. simoesi Nihei & de Mello, 2015

E. speluncae ( Mello-Leitão, 1937) comb. nov. ( Phalangopsis )

E. minuta (de Mello, 1990) comb. nov. ( Endophallusia )

E. endophallica (de Mello, 1990) comb. nov. ( Endophallusia )

E. scopula Campos , sp. nov.

E. gigas Campos , sp. nov.

E. neomarmorata Campos , sp. nov.

E. desutterae Campos , sp. nov.

E. putuhra Campos , sp. nov.

E. fontanettiae Campos, Nihei & de Mello , sp. nov.

E. melloi Campos , sp. nov.

Diagnosis. Body medium to large, dorsal disc of pronotum (DD) wider than long, with inflated aspect. Males: forewings (FW) short, coriaceous; stridulatory file or any specialized veins or areas for sound production and propagation absent; metanotal gland present (except in E. tridentata and E. endophallica comb. nov., vestigial in E. fusca ), with anteromedian crest forming inverted triangle; lateral projections short, cylindrical or conical, parallel to each other; Supra-anal plate with lateral-posterior projections; auditory tympanum absent. Phallic complex: pseudepiphallic sclerite bearing anterior projection; apex of pseudepiphallic arm with 3–5 main projections ( Fig. 4 ): superior (with bristles), internal and inferior; connection between the ventral lobe (PsP1) and dorsal lobe (PsP2) of pseudepiphallic parameres not sclerotized; ectophallic fold entirely membranous; medianposterior projection of endophallic sclerite elongate, apex reaching or surpassing PsP2; lateral-posterior lobes of endophallic sclerite present; endophallic apodeme crest-shaped. Female: larger than male, general coloration similar, with very small FW, reduced to small scale; apex of ovipositor drop shaped in dorsal and ventral views.

Redescription. Head. Occiput and vertex with three vertical lines, in dorsal view. Fastigium with two rows of bristles, slightly longer than wide, slightly narrowed toward apex, separated from vertex by a line forming a “v”. Frons with three vertical bands, two below eyes, one above clypeus (except in E. fusca ). Three ocelli present, well developed, forming isosceles triangle, central one flattened at bottom (except in E. endophallica comb. nov., E. minuta comb. nov., E. fusca ), lateral ocelli elliptical or rounded. Eyes with unpigmented small area on superointernal angle. Maxillary palpi long and thin, slightly pilose, distal portion of joints whitish; apex of joint 5 upcurved, apex ventrally rounded. Antennae annulated (except E. larvaeformis , E. multispinosa , E. speluncae comb. nov.).

Thorax. Pronotum DD wider than long, with sparse dark spots and maculae, slightly pubescent, inflated, divided by sagittal line; ventro-cephalic angle rounded, ventro-caudal margin gradually ascendant.

Legs. Tibia I (TI) with two same-sized apical spurs; tibia II (TII) with two inner apical spurs and one outer, smaller. Femur III (FIII) with thin stripes on outer surface. Tibia III (TIII) subapical spurs 4/4, with serrulation above and between subapical spurs; apical spurs 3/3, more developed on inner surface: dorsal (iad) and median one (iam) sub-equals, ventral smallest (iav) (iam>iad>iav) (except in E. endophallica comb. nov., E. minutia comb. nov.); outer apical spurs: median one longer (oam), dorsal sub-equal in length to oam (oad), ventral smaller (oav) (oam>oad>oav). Basitarsi I, II and III with two rolls of spines.

Abdomen. Divided by whitish sagittal line in dorsal view (except in E. tridentata , E. speluncae comb. nov., E. putuhra sp. nov.).

Male. Body size small (e.g., E. fontanettiae sp. nov.) to large, general coloration varying from dark to light brown, marbled. FWs: apex rounded or triangular, in dorsal view; posterior half of inner margin and apex connected to single vein that divides the external part of FW as lateral field, glandular thickening present distally (except in E. endophallica comb. nov., E. minuta comb. nov., E. fusca , E tridentata , E simoesi , E. eliethae ); FWs covering metanotal gland, surpassing or not metanotum posterior border. Metanotal gland present (except in E. endophallica comb. nov., E. tridentata and vestigial in E. fusca ), anteromedian crest forming inverted triangle, with cluster of bristles; lateral projections short, cylindrical or conical, and parallel ( Fig. 3 ). Supra-anal plate slightly pubescent, anterior margin slightly concave, with lateral-posterior projections short or long. Subgenital plate longer than wide, with lateral pubescence, anterior margin slightly straight, posterior margin rounded or straight with small invagination centrally.

Phallic complex ( Figs. 4 , 5 ). Pseudepiphallus: central area of base of pseudepiphallic sclerite narrow, in dorsal view; pseudepiphallic arms sclerotized, hard, upcurved in lateral view; apex of pseudepiphallic arms with bristles on outer surface, with three main projections: superior (with bristles), internal and inferior; anterior projection of pseudepiphallic sclerite present, surpassing or not the base of pseudepiphallic sclerite; apex of dorsal lobe of pseudepiphallic paramere (PsP2) pointed in lateral view, with membranous sphere on inner surface (except in E. endophallica comb. nov., E. minuta comb. nov., E. fusca ); sclerite A connected with base of pseudepiphallic sclerite, articulating with PsP2; connection between PsP2 and ventral lobe of pseudepiphallic paramere (PsP1) not sclerotized. Ectophallic invagination: ectophallic apodeme long, straight (except in E. spelucae comb. nov. and E. putuhra sp. nov.); ectophallic arc located posteriorly or below base of pseudepiphallic sclerite, in dorsal view; ventro-posterior projection elongate; dorsal projections present, well developed; ectophallic fold membranous. Endophallus: median-posterior projection of endophallic sclerite elongated, reaching or surpassing PsP2 apex; lateral-posterior lobes of endophallic sclerite elongate; endophallic apodeme crest - shaped, elongate.

Female. Differing from male by the following: Larger than male. Presence of very small FWs, not reaching metanotum border, almost entirely under posterior border of pronotum. Posterior border of Supra-anal plate rounded, without lateral-posterior projections. Subgenital plate wider than long, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin with central concavity. Ovipositor apex lateral rounded (drop shaped) in dorsal and ventral views.

Synonymy of Endophallusia . Based on the characters that define the genus Eidmanacris in this revision, we synonymize Endophallusia with Eidmanacris and transfer the two species formerly placed in Endophallusia species to Eidmanacris . The characters shared are the presence of lateral-posterior projections of supra-anal plates; anterior projection of pseudepiphallic sclerite (A.P.Ps.), not sclerotized connection between PsP1 and PsP2, the ectophallic fold entirely membranous dorsally, the median-posterior projection of endophallic sclerite long throughout the entire structure, and the presence of lateral-posterior lobes on endophallic sclerite, endophallic apodeme crest shaped.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Main structures of metanotal gland in Eidmanacris. A — E. fontanettiae Campos, Nihei & de Mello sp. nov.; B — E. alboannulata. (Piza)

FIGURE 4. Eidmanacris corumbatai Garcia. Projections of the apex of pseudepiphallic arm, lateral view: A — internal lateral; B — external lateral. Projections: a — superior; b — supero-internal; c — infero-internal; d — inferior; e — ventral.

FIGURE 5. Dismembered male phallic complex of E. gigas Campos sp. nov. 1 — dorsal view, 2 — ventral view, 3 — lateral view.