Andricus grossulariae Giraud, 1859
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949871 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FE-FFE8-FF8B-FF61-FAE1FDB2B656 |
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
scientific name |
Andricus grossulariae Giraud, 1859 |
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Andricus grossulariae Giraud, 1859
Host plants. Israel: Q. boissieri (asexual generation) and Q. ithaburensis (sexual generation). Elsewhere: several species from section Quercus (asexual generation) and section Cerris (sexual generation).
Life history. Until recently, A. grossulariae was known only from its sexual generation, but rearing experiments ( Walker 2002) and molecular data ( Stone et al. 2008) associated it with galls that had been traditionally attributed to the asexual generation of A.mayri / A.panteli , hence these two species were synonymized under A. grossulariae . The sexual generation induces conical, pointy catkin galls, up to 7 mm long, singlechambered, and usually in clusters. They are light green and soft when very young ( Fig. 49 View FIGURES 47–52 ), turning bright red to deep purple and woody when mature ( Fig. 50 View FIGURES 47–52 ). Old galls remain on the tree until the next year. The asexual generation develops in bud galls that are up to 50 mm in diameter, composed of thick, tapering projections that form a sphere ( Fig. 9 View FIGURES 5–10 ), and are multi-chambered. They are bright green and sticky when young, turning light brown, woody, and not sticky when mature. Old galls may remain on the tree for a year.
Phenology. In Israel, galls of the sexual generation begin to develop in late February to early March and adults emerge from them in late March, but in higher, colder localities (e.g., Odem Forest and En Zivan) they develop later in the season and adults emerge in May. Galls of the asexual generation develop during the fall and adults emerge in January.
Distribution. Israel: Galls of the sexual generation are common and widespread throughout the distribution range of Q. ithaburensis in the country. Galls of the asexual generation are common in the northern part of Israel but are rare in Zur Hadassa (Judean Mountains). Elsewhere: A widespread and locally common species from Northern Africa through the Iberian Peninsula across Europe and the Balkans to Asia Minor, Iran and Caucasia.
Comments. Galls of the sexual generation are very similar to those of A. coriariformis on Q. libani , but develop on Q. ithaburensis . They are also somewhat similar to galls of A. vindobonensis ( Fig. 51 View FIGURES 47–52 ) but differ from them in having pointed apices and in their bright red color when mature, whereas the galls of A. vindobonensis are kidney- or bean-shaped, and dull purple-green when mature. Galls of the asexual generation are somewhat similar to the less common morphologies of A. coriarius galls ( Fig. 16 View FIGURES 11–16 ) but are more robust, and their lobes are shorter, more numerous and less tapered.
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