Bryconamericus lethostigmus ( Gomes, 1947 )

Hirschmann, Alice, Fagundes, Nelson J. R. & Malabarba, Luiz R., 2017, Ontogenetic changes in mouth morphology triggers conflicting hypotheses of relationships in characid fishes (Ostariophysi: Characiformes), Neotropical Ichthyology 15 (1), No. e 160073, pp. 1-16 : 4-11

Bryconamericus lethostigmus ( Gomes, 1947)

Figs. 2-6

Odontostoechus lethostigmus Gomes, 1947 : 07-12 [original description; holotype: UMMZ 143272; paratypes: CAS-SU 40188 (1)and UMMZ 143271(originally12, now11; 1specimen posteriorly transferred to USNM 143847); fig. 1 (head and dentition); plate I, fig. 1 (photo of the holotype); type-locality: rio Maquiné, tributary to Lagoa dos Quadros, Conceição do Arroio County, currently Maquiné County, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil]. - Böhlke, 1954: 25 [listed; Odontostoechus lethostigmus as member of the tribe Monotocheirodonini ]. - Malabarba, 1998: 204; 231-232 [ Odontostoechus as a valid genus separate from Othonocheirodus and incertae sedis in Characidae ; brief description of the tooth series in the premaxilla; presence of a single tooth series in the premaxilla in Odontostoechus hypothesized as non homologous to that of the species of Cheirodontinae ]. - Marques et al., 2002: 28 [categorized as Vulnerable - VU in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, according to IUCN criteria]. Reis et al., 2003: 127 [conservation status, distribution, menaces, categorized as Vulnerable - VU in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, according to IUCN criteria]. - Charcansky, 2006: 101-102 [tooth morphology and histology], fig. 32 [tooth morphology], fig. 33 [tooth histology]. - Javonillo et al., 2010: 505 [phylogenetic relationships]. - Baicere-Silva et al., 2011: 379- 380, 383 [description of spermiogenesis and ultrastructure of the spermatozoa], fig. 12 [scanning electronic images of the ultrastructure of the spermatozoa]. - Oliveira et al., 2011 [relationships], 23 [more closely related to Hypobrycon and Bryconamericus exodon ]. - Malabarba et al., 2013: 48 [colour photo, diagnosis, biology, distribution and habitat]. - Menezes et al., 2013: 143 [possibly related to Ceratobranchia cf. delotaenia , Bryconacidnus ellisi , Rhinopetitia cf. myersi , Rhinopetitia sp. , Othonocheirodus sp. and Monotocheirodon ). - Netto-Ferreira et al., 2014: 1545-1548 [proposal of close relationships among the genera Rhinopetitia , Bryconacidnus , Ceratobranchia , Monotocheirodon , Odontostoechus , Othonocheirodus and Rhinobrycon ].

Othonocheirodus lethostigmus . Géry, 1977: 559 [ Odontostoechus as a junior synonym of Othonocheirodus ].

Bryconamericus lethostigmus . Thomaz et al., 2015a: additional file 5 [ Odontostoechus as a junior synonym of Bryconamericus sensu stricto]. - Bertaco et al., 2016: 412, table 1 [species list from Rio Grande do Sul State].

Diagnosis. Bryconamericus lethostigmus is distinct from all other species of the genus by the following autapomorphy: presence of two rows of teeth in the premaxilla in small specimens (up to about 30 mm SL) progressively merging in one tooth row in the premaxilla in large specimens (more than about 40 mm SL) (vs. two tooth rows in the premaxilla regardless of body size). This species is distinct from all congeners by the atrophied upper lip in large specimens, leaving the premaxillary teeth exposed. This character is associated with its common name, “smiling tetra”.

Description. Morphometric data is summarized in Tab. 1. Body moderately elongate and compressed. Dorsal profile slightly convex from head until dorsal-fin origin, nearly straight from posterior dorsal-fin base to adipose fin and slightly concave from adipose-fin base to caudal-fin origin. Ventral body profile slightly convex from head to anal-fin origin, straight along anal-fin base and slightly concave from posterior anal-fin base to caudal-fin origin. Greatest depth at dorsal-fin origin or somewhat anterior. Caudal peduncle slightly longer than deep. Dorsal and ventral profiles of caudal peduncle slightly concave.

Mouth large, subterminal, lower jaw shorter than upper jaw and upper lip atrophied in large specimens, leaving the premaxillary teeth exposed ( Fig. 3). Snout profile rounded. Premaxilla with two tooth rows in small specimens (up to about 30 mm of SL) and one tooth row in large specimens (more than about 40 mm SL) ( Figs. 4-5). Single tooth row corresponding to teeth of both rows merged into single series with more teeth than inner or outer series of teeth counted alone. Merging of tooth rows gradual; specimens with 30 to 40 mm of SL with well defined double or single series, or in most cases with teeth of inner and outer rows partially merged in single series ( Figs. 4-5). When present, inner row with four teeth with five cusps and outer row with three teeth with three cusps; teeth of inner row pedunculate and wider distally than teeth of outer row. Single premaxillary tooth series with seven, rarely five, six or eigth teeth, equal in size, pedunculate and anteroposteriorly compressed, with five cusps and sometimes one tooth with six cusps. Maxilla with three to seven teeth with three to five cusps; number of maxillary teeth increasing with body size ( Fig. 5). Last tooth or two posteriormost teeth may be conical in small specimens. In large specimens two anterior maxillary teeth with almost same size of premaxillary teeth and all maxillary teeth exposed ( Figs. 3-5). Dentary with eight to eleven teeth, usually with five cusps, decreasing gradually in size posteriorly; last three teeth small with fewer cusps; last one or two teeth conical in some specimens ( Fig. 6).

19173). Statistical results. Some measurements and counts showed significant differences on means among the populations ( Tab. 2), but without any repeatable pattern to distinguish any or a group of populations from all remaining populations. In agreement to the above mentioned results, PCA revealed no differences on measurements of specimens among populations ( Fig. 7). Thus, populations from different river basins showed no morphologically significant differences among them.

Dorsal-fin rays ii, 8 rarely 7, 9 or 10 (mode = 8; n = 318). Dorsal-fin insertion slightly posterior to ventral-fin origin. Adipose fin present. Anal-fin rays iii-v, usually iv or v, 13- 19 (mode = 16, n = 317). Pectoral-fin rays i, 9-14 rarely 8 or 15 (mode = 12; n = 314). Pelvic-fin rays i, 6-8 rarely 5 or 9 (mode = 7; n = 316). Caudal fin forked, margin of lobes rounded and equal size. Principal caudal-fin rays 19, rarely 17, 18 or 20 (mode = 19; n = 301); 12-14 procurrent caudalfin rays dorsally (mode = 14; n = 8) and 9-13 ventrally (mode = 12; n = 8).

Scales cycloid. Lateral line usually complete; number of perforated scales 34-40 (mode = 38, n = 261). One specimen with 29 perforated scales and one with 32. Scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 4-6 (mode = 5, n = 307). Scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 3-5 (mode = 4, n = 303). Scale rows between lateral line and anal-fin origin 3-4 (mode = 4, n = 301). Predorsal scales 10- 14 (mode = 12, n = 314) usually irregularly arranged. Scales sheath along anal-fin base in one row with 1-9 scales (mode = 6, n = 311). Caudal fin not scaled.

Vertebrae: precaudal 16-17 and caudal 19-20 (n = 7). Six vertebrae before first dorsal pterygiophore (n = 8). Supraneurals: 5-6 (n=7).

Color in alcohol. General ground body color yellowish olive ( Fig. 2a). Dorsum dark gray pigmented from head to caudal peduncle. Top of head on frontals and parietals black pigmented, with deep lying black chromatophores over brain membranes under frontals and parietals and fontanel. Ventral region of head light yellowish; cheek and operculum light yellowish with minute black chromatophores concentrated in the upper part of operculum and fifth infraorbital to form indistinct blotch. Numerous dark gray chromatophores, somewhat contiguous, on snout, upper and lower lips. Body sprinkled with minute black points, most numerous above lateral line, concentrated on posterior margin of the scales. Humeral spot conspicuous above fourth, fifth and part of sixth scale of lateral line. All fins with some black chromatophores along fin rays. Caudal fin with black stripe. Body with black line along middle longitudinal body axis, beginning above lateral line and reaching caudal-fin stripe.

Color in life. Life color described from a specimen from rio Tramandaí drainage ( Fig. 2b). Dorsal portion of head and body light brown. Lateral and ventral portions of head and body white. Humeral spot black and well defined. Midlateral stripe of the body silvery well defined. Iris light red above the pupil. Yellow pigments on dorsal, adipose, caudal, pectoral and pelvic fins and red pigments on anal fin. White pigment on tip of last unbranched and 1st- 2nd branched anal-fin rays, and of unbranched and first branched pelvic-fin rays.

Sexual dimorphism. Males of B. lethostigmus differ from females by having hooks on anal- and pelvic-fin rays. Analfin rays with tiny bony hooks present on the first 5 to 7 branched rays. Additional tiny hooks are sometimes present in some of remaining branched rays. Hooks usually present on posterior branches and posterior border of lepidotrichia. Usually one hook per ray segment and absent on unbranched ray. Pelvic fin with tiny bony hooks on posteromedial surface of each ray, one hook per segment and absent on unbranched ray.

Geographic distribution. Bryconamericus lethostigmus is known from the rio Maquiné and rio Três Forquilhas ( rio Tramandaí drainage), rio Mampituba and rio Araranguá , Atlantic coastal drainages, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina States , Brazil ( Fig. 1). There is a collection of a single specimen of B. lethostigmus ( UFRGS 15385 ) in the small drainage of the rio Urussanga , the next Atlantic river drainage north of the rio Araranguá .

Ecological notes. Bryconamericus lethostigmus is found in the upper sections of small shallow creeks and rivers draining from Serra Geral formation in rio Maquiné, rio Três Forquilhas, rio Mampituba and rio Araranguá basins. These rivers have clear and cold waters, rapid flow and a rocky bottom. According to Fontana et al. (2003), B. lethostigmus diet may be composed of periphyton due to the regression of the upper lip. Stomach contents of three large specimens consisted of a lot of algae (filamentous algae and diatom), some larvae and pupa of Diptera (Psychodidae) , larvae of Chironomidae and larvae of Trichoptera. The presence of these items also indicates a diet composed mostly of periphyton. Stomach contents of four small specimens consisted of highly particulate non-identifiable organic matter (animal or plant origin) with sediment (sand) and presence of filamentous algae and diatom. Vogel (2012) estimated that 58 mm Total Length (TL) is the size at first maturity to B. lethostigmus and also that 70 mm TL is the size that all are able to reproduce.

Conservation status. The populations from the rio Tramandaí and Mampituba drainages were included in the list of endangered species from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, and categorized as Vulnerable - VU, according to IUCN criteria ( Marques et al., 2002: 28; Reis et al., 2003: 127) mainly due to habitat degradation. In the lastest list of endangered species from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, B. lethostigmus was not classified in any threatened categories ( Rio Grande do Sul, 2014) given that its population is apparently stable and no eminent threats were identified. The populations from the rio Araranguá, rio Urussanga and Mampituba drainages were not included in the list of threatened species from Santa Catarina State (CONSEMA, 2011). This species was also not included in the national list of threatened species (MMA, 2014).

We have tried to collect additional specimens of B. lethostigmus in the rio Urussanga and tributaries, the northernmost record of the species, but we were unable to find new specimens in this drainage. This river basin is currently very impacted by coal mining activities, which may affect the occurrence of the species.

Molecular results. A total alignment of 1,700 base pairs (bp) was obtained for the mitochondrial genes (COI, 676 bp and ND2, 1,024 bp). Nucleotide and haplotype diversity were 0.0029 and 0.98, respectively. A total of 57 polymorphic sites defining 38 different haplotypes for B. lethostigmus were found. Neutrality tests were significant, rejected the null hypothesis of constant population size and/or no natural selection (Tajima’s D -2.3318, P <0.01; Fu’s FS -25.65, P <0.01). We obtained an alignment of 328 bp for S72, 700 bp for SH3PX3, and 759 bp for Myh6, but no variability was observed and, therefore, excluded from further analyses. New sequences generated in this study were submitted to GenBank ( KX815171 to KX815260 ).

Mitochondrial data showed no association between haplotypes and drainages ( Fig. 8) and no strong genetic structure among predefined populations. The haplotype network does not show any phylogenetic structure, and most haplotypes are connected by one or two mutations. However, there are no shared haplotypes among drainages, except for two haplotypes shared between FOR and MAM. Thus, the lack of geographic structure is due to a shallow genealogical structure rather than shared haplotypes. In agreement to the haplotype network, the AMOVA ( Tab. 3) showed low isolation among river systems for the mtDNA data (F ST =0.08). Mitochondrial DNA genetic distance among populations (about 0.3%) was also very low ( Tab. 4).

The mtDNA coalescence time of B. lethostigmus was around 0.34 millions of years ago (Ma) (95% Highest Posterior Density [HPD] 0.15-0.58 Ma), significantly more recent than the estimate for D. itaimbe , which was around 2 Ma (95% HPD 0.97-3.5 Ma). The coalescence time for the MAM+FOR group was very similar for both species (0.32 Ma - 95% HPD 0.14-0.56 Ma; and 0.31Ma - 95% HPD 0.12- 0.55 Ma for B. lethostigmus and D. itaimbe , respectively). Effective population size estimates were similar for both species, being 1.2 million (95% HPD 0.55-2.23 million) effective females for B. lethostigmus and 0.86 million (95% HPD 0.40-1.63 million) effective females for D. itaimbe .

Material examined. Odontostoechus lethostigmus ( Gomes, 1947) . All from Brazil. Rio Maquiné basin, type-specimens: UMMZ 143272 , 1 , 48.68 mm SL, holotype , Rio Grande do Sul, rio Maquiné ; UMMZ 143271 , 11 , 23.25-34.05 mm SL, paratype , Rio Grande do Sul, rio Maquiné ; USNM 143847 [ex UMMZ 143271 ] 1, 29.97 mm SL, paratype , Rio Grande do Sul, rio Maquiné. Rio Maquiné basin, non-type specimens : UFRGS 3336 , 2 , 62.65-63.15 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Maquiné, under the bridge near Maquiné city ,

29º04’S, 50º11’W; UFRGS 4377 , 2 , 35.23-37.8 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Maquiné, under the bridge near Maquiné city , 29º04’S, 50º11’W; UFRGS 4378 , 2 , 34.37-37.72 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Maquiné, under the bridge near Maquiné city , 29º04’S, 50º11’W; UFRGS 4416 , 1 , 35.97 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Maquiné , 29º04’S, 50º11’W; UFRGS 4501 , 1 , 65.44 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, arroio do Ouro , between Maquiné and Barra do Ouro , 29º34’S, 50º15’59”W; UFRGS 4524 , 2 , 71.92-73.37 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, arroio do Ouro , between Maquiné and Barra do Ouro , 29º34’S, 50º15’59”W; UFRGS 12086 , 1 ( TEC1233 A), Rio Grande do Sul, rio Maquiné, Maquiné city , 29°39’07”S, 50°12’34”W; UFRGS 16198 , 2 ( TEC 2277 , 2279 ), Rio Grande do Sul, rio Maquiné, Maquiné city , 29°38’50.8” S, 50°13’02.0”W; UFRGS 16199 , 1 ( TEC 2313 ), Rio Grande do Sul, rio Maquiné, Maquiné city , 29°34’12.8” S, 50°16’47.7”W; UFRGS 16200 , 6 ( TEC 2314 , 2315 , 2316 , 2318 , 2319 , 2323 ), Rio Grande do Sul, rio Maquiné, Maquiné city , 29°35’14.7”S, 50°16’13.1”W; UFRGS 16207 , 1 ( TEC 2349 A), Rio Grande do Sul, rio Maquiné, Maquiné city , 29°37’39.1”S, 50°14’31.1”W; UFRGS 16208 , 1 ( TEC 2351 ), Rio Grande do Sul, rio Maquiné, Maquiné city , 29°38’50.8”S, 50°13’02.0”W; MCP 13657, 4 , 30.17-36.96 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Maquiné, Maquiné city , 29º39’59’’S, 50º12’W; MCP 14645, 2 , 42.67-46.76 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Maquiné, Maquiné city , 29º50’S, 50º14’W; MCP 13608, 4 , 42.45-63.85 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Maquiné, Maquiné city , 29º39’59’’S, 50º11’W; MCP 26965, 5 , 22.28-68.18 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, Maquiné city , 29º40’37’’S, 50º12’30’’W. MCP 10776, 5 , (2 c&s) 40.75-55.19 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Maquiné, Maquiné city , 29º38’59’’S, 50º13’W; MCP 10774, 4 (c&s), 29.77-50.43 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, arroio Água Parada, Maquiné city , 29º40’30’’S, 50º11’57’’W. Rio Três Forquilhas basin: UFRGS 2998 , 9 , 39.33-44.14 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Três Forquilhas , 29º31’59’’S, 50º04’59’’W; UFRGS 5056 , 3 , 65.37-67.61 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Três Forquilhas in Vila Boa União , 29º31’59’’S, 50º04’59’’W; UFRGS 6309 , 2 , 55.44-67.36 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Três Forquilhas in Vila Boa União , 29º28’18’’S, 50º06’59’’W; UFRGS 6644 , 6 , 34.53-40.9 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Três Forquilhas in Vila Boa União , 29º28’18’’S, 50º06’59’’W; UFRGS 12736 , 2 , 23.63- 45.57 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Três Forquilhas under the high bridge , 29º30’32’’S, 50º05’30’’W; UFRGS 16204 , 3 ( TEC 2331 , 2333 , 2338 ), Rio Grande do Sul, rio Três Forquilhas , 29°30’32.4”S, 50°05’29.8”W; UFRGS 16206 , 4 ( TEC 2343 , 2344 , 2345 , 2346 ), Rio Grande do Sul, rio Três Forquilhas , 29°32’27.8”S, 50°04’48.0”W; UFRGS 16209 , 4 ( TEC 2357 , 2358 , 2359 , 2360 ), Rio Grande do Sul, rio Três Forquilhas , 29°30’32.4”S, 50°05’29.8”W; UFRGS 16210 , 1 ( TEC 2374 ), Rio Grande do Sul, rio Três Forquilhas , 29°28’21.1”S, 50°07’09.9”W; UFRGS 20710 , 2 , 23.04-58.12 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Três Forquilhas , 29°30’32.4”S, 50°05’29.8”W; MCP 25304, 3 , 21.63-40.39 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, Terra de Areia city , 29º31’01’’S, 50º06’40’’W; MCP 25288, 4 , 25.3-45.84 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Três Pinheiros , 29º31’36’’S, 50º06’21’’W; MCP 14314, 6 , 32.55-47.44 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Três Forquilhas , 29º24’59’’S, 50º10’W; MCP 25332, 12 , 20.67-44.95 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Três Forquilhas , 29º30’43’’S, 50º05’31’’W; MCP 14802, 5 , 37.87-44.95 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Três Forquilhas , 29º31’36’’S, 50º06’19’’W; MCP 25673, 8 , 33.49-45.28 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Três Forquilhas , 29º31’59’’S, 50º04’59’’W; MCP 21322, 6 , 58.25-66.04 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Três Forquilhas , 29º25’59’’S, 50º06’59’’W; MCP 10811, 2 (c&s), 58.95 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Três Forquilhas , 29º31’59’’S, 50º03’59’’W. Rio Mampituba basin: UFRGS 11080 , 2 , 51.99- 56.19 mm SL, Santa Catarina, rio Mampituba , on balneary in Praia Grande , 29º11’57’’S, 49º57’05’’W; UFRGS 12537 , 1 ( TEC 1239 A), Santa Catarina, Praia Grande, rio Mampituba , 29°14’49”S, 50°04’12”W; UFRGS 12723 , 1 ( TEC 1460 A), Rio Grande do Sul, Vila São João, rio Mampituba , 29°14’56.8”S, 49°50’55.5”W; UFRGS 15356 , 1 , 51.99 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, Arroio Paraíso, Morro Azul , 29º23’55’’S, 49º55’01’’W; UFRGS 16083 , 1 , 25.99 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, Vila São João, rio Mampituba , 29º14’57’’S, 49º50’55’’W; UFRGS 16213 , 5 ( TEC 2491 , 2493 , 2494 2495, 2497), Santa Catarina, Praia Grande, rio Canoas , 29°13’35.6”S, 50°00’11.9”W; UFRGS 16226 , 4 ( TEC 2618 , 2620 , 2621 , 2624 ), Santa Catarina, Praia Grande, rio Canoas , 29°11’22.0”S, 49°54’12.1”W; UFRGS 19487 , 2 , 51.63-57.03 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, Morrinhos do Sul, arroio Paraíso , 29º23’53’’S, 49º55’01’’W; UFRGS 19486 , 22 , (1 c&s) 22.43-40.39 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, Vila São João, rio Mampituba , 29º14’57’’S, 49º50’55’’W; UFRGS 19488 , 18 , (1 c&s), 20.54- 47.24 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, Torres, rio Mampituba , 29º13’14’’S, 49º52’49’’W; UFRGS 20646 , 2 , 40.12-43.18 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, Torres, rio Mampituba , 29°13’14.1”S, 49°52’49.2”W; UFRGS 20647 , 10 , 22.82-54.83 mm SL, Rio GrandedoSul , Torres,rioMampituba , 29°13’14.1”S, 49°52’49.2”W; UFRGS 20648 , 1 , 55.27 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, Morrinhos do Sul, arroio Paraíso , 29º23’53”S, 49º55’01”W; UFRGS 20649 , 3 , 23.48-41.68 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, Vila São João, rio Mampituba , 29°13’14.1”S, 49°52’49.2”W; UFRGS 20650 , 2 , 35.9- 46.62 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, Morrinhos do Sul, arroio Paraíso , 29º23’53”S, 49º55’01”W; UFRGS 20652 , 2 , 46.88 - 49,41 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, Morrinhos do Sul, arroio Paraíso , 29º23’53”S, 49º55’01”W; UFRGS 20653 , 4 , 49.07-58.42 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, arroio Paraíso , 29º23’53”S, 49º55’01”W; UFRGS 20654 , 2 , 51.8-69.06 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Mampituba , 29°13’14.1”S, 49°52’49.2”W; UFRGS 20655 , 16 , 29.06-52.34 mm SL, Santa Catarina, Praia Grande, rio Mampituba , 29°14’49”S, 50°04’11.6”W; UFRGS 20656 , 4 , 43.54-55.06 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, Morrinhos do Sul, arroio Paraíso , 29º23’53”S, 49º55’01”W; UFRGS 20657 , 8 , 49.73-61.14 mm SL, Santa Catarina, Praia Grande, rio Mampituba , 29°14’49”S, 50°04’11.6”W; UFRGS 20658 , 5 , 30.05-45.16 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, Vila São João, rio Mampituba , 29º13’14”S, 49º52’49”W; UFRGS 20659 , 2 , 32.37- 43.82 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, Morrinhos do Sul, arroio Paraíso , 29º23’53”S, 49º55’01”W; UFRGS 20660 , 12 , 42.7-65.85 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, Morrinhos do Sul, arroio Paraíso , 29º23’53”S, 49º55’01”W; UFRGS 20708 , 4 , 28.09-41.11 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, Vila São João, rio Mampituba , 29°14’56.8”S, 49°50’55.5”W; UFRGS 20709 , 6 , 38.01-45.89 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Mampituba , 29°13’14”S, 49°52’49”W; UFRGS 20711 , 2 , 59.08- 60.07 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, Morrinhos do Sul, arroio Paraíso , 29°23’55.3”S, 49°55’01.1”W; UFRGS 20712 , 3 , 49.47-61.51 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, Morrinhos do Sul, arroio Paraíso , 29°23’55.3”S, 49°55’01.1”W; UFRGS 20713 , 1 , 47.48 mm SL, Rio Grande do Sul, rio do Mengue , 29°17’34.7”S, 49°55’17.3”W. Rio Araranguá basin: UFRGS 10553 , 3 , 20.97-30.74 mm SL, Santa Catarina, Siderópolis, rio Jordão ; UFRGS 15391 , 10 , 38.26-46.3 mm SL, Santa Catarina, Meleiro, rio Itoupava , 28º35’14’’S, 49º29’23’’W; UFRGS 15401 , 20 , (2 c&s) 24.91-54.51 mm SL, Santa Catarina, Nova Veneza, rio São Bento , 28º36’45’’S, 49º33’07’’W; UFRGS 16211 , 6 ( TEC 2375 , 2377 , 2378 , 2379 , 2380 , 2381 ), Santa Catarina, Ermo, rio Itoupava , 28°58’43.5”S, 49°40’25.0”W; UFRGS 16212 , 4 ( TEC 2427 , 2430 , 2431 , 2436 ), Santa Catarina, Siderópolis, rio São Bento , 28°36’35.0”S, 49°33’16.2”W; MCP 23595, 11 , 17.48-51.3 mm SL, Santa Catarina, Ermo, rio Itoupava , 28º58’43’’S, 49º40’25’’W; MCP 19173, 7 , (1 c&s), 29.96-60.96 mm SL, Santa Catarina, Ermo, rio Itoupava , 28º59’11’’S, 49º40’40’’W; MCP 19169, 5 , 44.58-60.42 mm SL, Santa Catarina, Meleiro, rio São Francisco , 28º42’S, 49º40’40’’W; MCP 25436, 2 , 25.12-66.01 mm SL, Santa Catarina, Ermo, rio Itoupava , 28º58’43’’S, 49º40’25’’W; MCP 43602, 1 , 50.1 mm SL, Santa Catarina, Ermo, rio Itoupava , 28º59’11’’S, 49º40’40’’W. Rio Urussanga basin: UFRGS 15385 , 1 , 39.01 mm SL, Santa Catarina, Urussanga, rio Cocal , 28º30’28’’S, 49º18’55’’W.