Empria candidata ( Fallen , 1808)

Park, Bia, Prous, Marko & Lee, Jong-Wook, 2019, Taxonomic review of the genus Empria Lepeletier & Serville (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) in South Korea: morphological and molecular identification of two new species, Journal of Hymenoptera Research 74, pp. 1-25 : 1

Empria candidata ( Fallen, 1808)

Figs 1A, B, E, G, I, J , 6A , 7A

Tenthredo candidata Fallén, 1808: 105-106.

Tenthredo (Allantus) repanda Klug, 1816: 77-78.

Tenthredo magnicornis Eversmann in Kawall, 1864: 297, syn. nov.

Diagnosis.

Female ( Figs 1A, E, I , 6A ). Body length 7.2-8.0 mm. Head and thorax black, except clypeus, labrum, basal half of mandible, facial orbit, gena, temple, genal orbit, labial and maxillary palps, pronotum dorsally, tegula, mesepisternum medially, postspiracular sclerite, all outer coxae, all trochanters and trochantelli, all femora, tibiae and tarsi anteriorly pale; rest of mandible reddish brown with black margins apically; supraclypeal area, scape and pedicel (brown to black), cenchrus, all tibiae and tarsi posteriorly (entirely) brown; abdomen dark brown, segments with posterior pale margins (sterna without pale margins, but 4-6 with pale patches medially) and abdominal terga with 3-5 pairs of pale patches ( Fig. 1A, E, I ). Clypeus weakly rugulose without median keel. Malar space 1.2-1.4 times as long as diameter of median ocellus ( Fig. 1I, J ). Flagellum 1.3-1.4 times as long as head width. Lancet with about 19 serrulae, membrane between serrulae flat; each serrula weakly protruding basally ( Fig. 6A ), with a basal denticle and 8-11 distal denticles.

Male ( Figs 1B, G, J , 7A ). Body length 5.5-6.4 mm. Similar to female, but body black, except lower half of clypeus and labrum pale (white); patches of abdominal terga fading towards the apex; posterodorsal margin of pronotum, cenchrus, all tibiae and tarsi posteriorly, and basal 2/3 of hind tibia posteriorly yellowish brown; all femora at apex and all tibiae at base with yellowish brown ring ( Fig. 1B, G, J ). Flagellum about 2.0 times as long as head width. Posterior margin of sternum 9 weakly concave at middle (truncated). Penis valve as in Fig. 7A , valviceps about 1.6 times as long as valvura.

Genetic data.

Based on the mitochondrial COI barcode sequences available in BOLD (15 specimens within BOLD:ABV8001, BOLD:ADS7820, and BOLD:AAG3534), the maximal distance between the specimens is 3.5%. The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 7.4%, is the North American E. multicolor (Norton). Based on the nuclear data of two specimens (Sweden and Russia, Liston et al. 2019), the distance between them is 1.0%. The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 5.2%, is E. multicolor (Norton).

Specimens examined.

South Korea: 1♀, Gangwon-do, Mt. Odaesan, Mirugam (Pugdaesa), 1300 m, 31.V.1991 , A. Shinohara (CSCS; NSMT187), specimen in exchange from NSMT; 1♀ 1♂, same locality, 28.V.1992 , A. Shinohara (NSMT; 1♀, NSMT-HYM65594/NSMT186; 1♂, NSMT-HYM65597/NSMT191); 1♂, same locality, 29.V.1992 , A. Shinohara (NSMT; NSMT-HYM65596/NSMT190); 1♂, same locality, 28.V.1993 , A. Shinohara (CSCS; NSMT221), specimen in exchange from NSMT; 1♂, same data (NSMT; NSMT-HYM65598/NSMT192) ; 1♀ 1♂, same data (YNU; 1♀, NSMT-HYM65591/NSMT189; 1♂, NSMT-HYM65599/NSMT196), specimens in exchange from NSMT VI/2018 ; 1♀, same data (NSMT; NSMT-HYM65592/NSMT188) ; 1♀, same locality, 29.V-1.VI.1996 , A. Shinohara (NSMT; NSMT-HYM65595/NSMT185); 1♀, Gangwon-do, Taebaek-si, Sodo-dong , Mt. Taebaeksan , Danggol , 6.V.1999 , S.M. Ryu (YNU); Czech Republic: 1♂, Bohemia, Decinsky Sneznik , 50.8N, 14.11666E, 29.IV.1994 , E. Kula (SDEI; DEI-GISHym88921); 1♂, same locality, 5.V.1995 (SDEI; DEI-GISHym21037) ; 1♀, same locality, 26.V.1995 (SDEI; DEI-GISHym21036) ; 1♂, same locality, 20.IV.2007 (SDEI; DEI-GISHym21032) ; 1♀, same locality, 24.IV.2007 (SDEI; DEI-GISHym21033) ; 1♀, same locality, 27.IV.2007 (SDEI; DEI-GISHym21034) ; Finland: 1♀, Northern Ostrobothnia, Hailuoto, Keskikylae , 65.022N, 24.743E, 10 m, 31.V.2018 , A. Liston & M. Prous, (SDEI; DEI-GISHym84426); 1♀, Northern Ostrobothnia, Hailuoto, Potti , 65.059N, 24.884E, 1 m, 31.V.2018 , A. Liston & M. Prous, (SDEI; without ID number); 1♀, Lapin Laeaeni, Leppaelae 20 km S, 69.52N, 27.22E, 10.VI.2001 , A. Taeger & Ch. Kutzscher (SDEI; without ID number); 1♂, Lapin Laeaeni, Nuorbenjarga 46 km SW Utsjoki, 69.685N, 25.94E, 9.VI.2001 , A. Taeger & Ch. Kutzscher (SDEI; without ID number); 1♀, Lapin Laeaeni, Nuorbenjarga 46 km SW Utsjoki, 69.685N, 25.94E, 13.VI.2001 , A. Taeger & Ch. Kutzscher (SDEI; DEI-GISHym14907); 1♀, Lapin Laeaeni, Nuorgam 17 km SSE, 69.944N, 28.041E, 12.VI.2001 , A. Taeger & Ch. Kutzscher (SDEI; DEI-GISHym4835); 1♀, Lapland, Tolva 7 km W, 66.223N, 28.552E, 330-450 m, 9.VI.2018 , SDEI Hym-group (SDEI; DEI-GISHym84427); GERMANY: 1♂, Sachsen, Erzgebirge, Altenberg Umg. , 13.V.1986 , S. Walter (SDEI; DEI-GISHym20803); 1♀, Sachsen, Syrau, NSG Syrau-Kauschwitzer Heide , 50.53121N, 12.07119E, 21.V.2008 , F. Burger (SDEI; DEI-GISHym19044); 1♀, Brandenburg, Waldsieversdorf , 52.55N, 14.03333E, 24.IV.2005 , A.D. Liston (SDEI; DEI-GISHym19068); Japan: 1♀, Hokkaido, Nissho-toge, Hidaka Mts. , Hidaka / Tokachi , 1100 m, 23.VI.2004 , A. Shinohara (NSMT; NSMT-HYM69256/NSMT184); 1♂, Hokkaido, Nisshotoge, Hidaka Mts. Hidaka, 42.971N, 142.752E, 1050 m, 2-12.VI.2010 , N. Kuhara (USNM; USNM2057434_02); Portugal: 1♀, Viana do Castelo, Paredes de Coura 6 km NNE, 41.947N, 8.50619W, 480 m, 13.V.2012 , Blank, Jacobs, Liston & Taeger (SDEI; DEI-GISHym15216); Russia: 2♀♀, Khabarovskiy Kray , Boitsovo N Bikin, Bolshoi Solntsepyok Hill SE Boitsovo, 47.03333N, 134.35E, 300 m, 26.V.1993 , A. Taeger (SDEI; without ID number, DEI-GISHym14908); 1♀, Primorsky Krai, Anisimovka, Gribanovka , 1 km N, 43.126N, 132.797E, 450 m, 8.V.2019 , M. Prous (SDEI; DEI-GISHym80656); 3♀♀, same locality, 9.V.2019 , M. Prous (SDEI; DEI-GISHym80795, DEI-GISHym80661, DEI-GISHym80665); 5♀♀ 2♂♂, same locality, 2 km N, 43.14N, 132.791E, 360 m, 10.V.2019 , M. Prous (SDEI; 5♀♀, two without ID numbers, DEI-GISHym80682, GISHym80691, DEI-GISHym80819; 2♂♂, DEI-GISHym80839, DEI-GISHym80854); 1♀, Primorskiy Kray, Biological station 30 km SE Chuguyevka (Sichote Alin), 44.08333N, 134.2E, 650 m, 31.V.1993 , A. Taeger (SDEI; DEI-GISHym14909); 1♀, Primorskiy Kray, Gornotajozhnoe , 1 km E, 43.694N, 132.168E, 150 m, 11.V.2019 , M. Prous (SDEI; DEI-GISHym80694); 1♂, Primorskiy Kray, Gornotajozhnoe, Observatorium , 43.699N, 132.166E, 270 m, 18.V.2016 , K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger (SDEI; DEI-GISHym80252); Sweden: 1♂, Norrbotten, Överkalix, 22 km W, 140 m, 66.295N, 22.356E, 2.VI.2014, leg. A. Liston & M. Prous (YNU; S343) , specimen presented from SDEI XII/2014; 1♀, Norrbotten, Råneå, 10 SW, 10 m, 65.788N, 22.156E, 30.V.2014, leg. A. Liston & M. Prous (YNU; S334) , specimen presented from SDEI XII/2014; 1♂, Norrbottens Laen , Abisko National Park, E 10, 68.353N, 18.815E, 390 m, 16.VI.2012 , A.D. Liston, A. Taeger & S.M. Blank (SDEI; without ID number); 1♂, Norrbottens Laen, Aengestraesk 11 km NEE, 66.052N, 22.386E, 140 m, 28.V.2014 , A. Liston & M. Prous (SDEI; without ID number); 2♀♀, same locality, 3 km N, 66.035N, 22.16E, 40 m, 28.V.2014 , A. Liston & M. Prous (SDEI; without ID numbers); 1♀, same locality, 6 km NE, 66.048N, 22.239E, 140 m, 28.V.2014 , A. Liston & M. Prous (SDEI; without ID number); 3♀♀ 1♂, Norrbottens Laen, Bjoerkfors , 65.92N, 23.46E, 10 m, 1.VI.2014 , A. Liston & M. Prous (SDEI; without ID numbers); 1♀, Norrbottens Laen, Gaellivare 18 km SEE, 67.082N, 21.051E, 320 m, 11.VI.2014 , A. Liston & M. Prous (SDEI; without ID number); 1♀, Norrbottens Laen, Gaellivare Dundret , 67.105N, 20.641E, 450 m, 11.VI.2014 , A. Liston & M. Prous (SDEI; without ID number); 1♀, Norrbottens Laen, Haparanda 13 km NW, 65.926N, 23.918E, 60 m, 27.V.2014 , A. Liston & M. Prous (SDEI; without ID number); 1♀, same locality, 5 km W, 65.82N, 24.033E, 2 m, 3.VI.2014 , A. Liston & M. Prous (SDEI; without ID number); 1♂, Norrbottens Laen, Hietaniemi 10 km SW, 66.166N, 23.495E, 90 m, 1.VI.2014 , A. Liston & M. Prous (SDEI; without ID number); 1♀, Norrbottens Laen, Kalix, Palaenge , 65.815N, 22.975E, 50 m, 26.V.2014 , A. Liston & M. Prous (SDEI; without ID number); 1♀, Norrbottens Laen, Kamlunge , 65.993N, 22.858E, 40 m, 28.V.2014 , A. Liston & M. Prous (SDEI; without ID number); 1♀ 1♂, Norrbottens Laen, Kiruna nr. airport, 67.84N, 20.35E, 450 m, 21.V.2012 , A.D. Liston, A. Taeger & S.M. Blank (SDEI; without ID numbers); 3♀♀ 1♂, Norrbottens Laen, Kitkioejaervi , 6 km SE, 67.77N, 23.265E, 240 m, 7.VI.2014 , A. Liston & M. Prous (SDEI; 3♀♀, without ID numbers; 1♂; DEI-GISHym80016); 3♂♂, Norrbottens Laen, Lantjaerv , 4 km N, 65.89N, 23.347E, 30 m, 1.VI.2014 , A. Liston & M. Prous (SDEI; without ID number, DEI-GISHym31012, DEI-GISHym31064); 2♀♀, Norrbottens Laen, Oeverkalix 22 km W, 66.295N, 22.356E, 140 m, 2.VI.2014 , A. Liston & M. Prous (SDEI; without ID numbers); 2♀♀, Norrbottens Laen, Pajala , 67.204N, 23.409E, 150 m, 5.VI.2014 , A. Liston & M. Prous (SDEI; without ID numbers); 1♀, Norrbottens Laen, Ranea 10 SW, 65.788N, 22.156E, 10 m, 30.VI.2014 , A. Liston & M. Prous (SDEI; without ID number); 1♂ 1♀, Norrbottens Laen, Taerendoe , 67.166N, 22.642E, 160 m, 6.VI.2014 , A. Liston & M. Prous (SDEI; without ID numbers); 1♀, Norrbottens Laen, Tornetraesk station , 68.215N, 19.74E, 400 m, 21.VI.2012 , A.D. Liston & A. Taeger (SDEI; without ID number); 1♀, Torne Lappmark, Abisko , 6 km E, 68.348N, 18.969E, 400 m, 4.VII.2016 , A. Liston & M. Prous (SDEI; without ID number); 1♀, Vaesterbottens Laen, Loevanger 3 km N, 64.402N, 21.301E, 60 m, 25.V.2014 , A. Liston & M. Prous (SDEI; without ID number); United Kingdom: 1♀, Scotland, Claybokie, near Braemar , 56.99237N, 3.50222W, 4.VI.2010 , A.D. Liston (SDEI; DEI-GISHym19067).

Host plants.

Betulaceae : Betula pendula Roth, Betula sp. ( Lorenz and Kraus 1957; Verzhutskii 1966, 1981).

Distribution.

Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Japan, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, USA ( Prous et al. 2011a; Taeger et al. 2018).

Discussion.

Belongs to E. candidata group. This species was first recorded from South Korea by Prous et al. (2011a). Significant sexual dimorphism is represented in the body color as noted above.

Macek and Kula (2015) distinguished two forms, E. candidata ( Fallén, 1808) and E. magnicornis (Eversmann, 1864) which we are unable to confirm. Color of mesepisternum in females varies from almost completely black (small round or vaguely triangular posterior fleck) to almost completely pale. Commonly there are two, anterior and posterior triangular or vaguely triangular flecks, which are clearly separated, or connected in various degrees. The vague differences in shape of head, thorax, and body mentioned by Macek and Kula (2015) vary continuously too and in various combinations. No clear correlation was detected between these characters and coloration. In males, there is no clear correlation between coloration of clypeus and head shape. Penis valves vary significantly (partly because of variations in slide preparations) and not in correlation with coloration or head shape. For example, a specimen from Russian Far East with nearly completely pale clypeus and with head shape more like E. candidata sensu Macek and Kula (2015) has a penis valve more like E. magnicornis (https://sdei.de/ecatsym/ecat_bild.php?NameNr=1003677&DateiName=24088.JPG).

Although two specimens at the extremes of variation can look strikingly different, most specimens cannot be identified as belonging to one or the other form identified by Macek and Kula (2015). The variation is too large and the characters too ill-defined by Macek and Kula (2015) to have any practical value in separating two forms in E. candidata . There are various other and equally legitimate starting points to divide morphological variation in E. candidata into more than one group (e.g. the presence or absence of pale flecks in the middle of abdominal terga), but it is not clear if any of them have taxonomic value. Because morphological variation in E. candidata is better explained by variation in widely distributed species, we treat E. magnicornis (Eversmann, 1864) as a synonym of E. candidata .

Figures

Figure 1. Empria spp.: A, B, E, G, I, J E. candidata from Gangwon, South Korea C, D, F, H, K, L E. tridentis, female from Jeonnam and male from Gangwon, South Korea A, C dorsal habitus, female B, D dorsal habitus, male E, F lateral habitus, female G, H lateral habitus, male I, K frontal head, female J, L frontal head, male. Scale bars: 2 mm (A-D); 1 mm (E-H); 0.5 mm (I-L).

Figure 6. Female lancets. A Empria candidata from Gangwon, South Korea B E. tridentis from Gangwon, South Korea C E. wui from Shanxi, China (W 08 - 03 a) D E. zhangi from Jeonnam, South Korea E E. lycroi, sp. nov. from Primorsky Krai, Russia (paratype, NSMT 232) F E. nigroterga, sp. nov. from Daejeon, South Korea (paratype, YNU-Sym 1176). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A-F).

Figure 7. Male penis valves. A Empria candidata from Gangwon, South Korea B E. tridentis from Gangwon, South Korea C E. wui from Gyeongbuk, South Korea D E. zhangi from Jeonnam, South Korea E E. lycroi, sp. nov. from Primorsky Krai, Russia (paratype, DEI-GISHym 83873) F E. nigroterga, sp. nov. from Gyeongbuk, South Korea (paratype, YNU-Sym 1173). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A-F).