Dicranorhina in Indo-Australian

Mawadda, N. V. Ayisha, Kumar, P. Girish, Sureshan, P. M. & Rajan, Tessy, 2019, A taxonomic review of the genus Dicranorhina Shuckard (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Crabroninae) from the Indian subcontinent with the description of three new species from Southern Western Ghats, Zootaxa 4629 (1), pp. 109-121 : 110-111

Key to species of Dicranorhina in Indo-Australian and Pacific Region

(modified from Tsuneki, 1983)

1. Female............................................................................................. 2

- Male.............................................................................................. 18

2. Clypeus, prothorax, first and sixth tergites and legs extensively ferruginous ( Figs 1 , 17 , 30 ).......................... 3

- Body and legs extensively black......................................................................... 8

3. Antenna black, except scape ferruginous. Singapore..................................... ruficollis ( Cameron, 1904)

- Antenna extensively ferruginous ( Figs 6 , 22 , 35 )............................................................ 4

4. Hind femur near base beneath without distinct tooth (at most slightly thickened) ( Figs 8 , 39 )......................... 5

- Hind femur near base beneath with distinct tooth ( Fig. 27 )..................................................... 7

5. Recurrent vein 1 and 2 almost united anteriorly. India: Pune; Sri Lanka..................... ruficornis ( Cameron, 1889)

- Recurrent vein 1 and 2 distinctly separated anteriorly ( Figs 9 , 36 )............................................... 6

6. Distinct glossy median fovea present above posterior ocelli on vertex ( Fig. 5 ); apex of clypeus with weak inverted V-shaped incision medially ( Fig. 3 ); basal area of clypeus medially strongly raised with distinct median carina ( Fig. 3 ). India: Kerala ....................................................... dinesani Mawadda, Girish Kumar & Sureshan sp. nov.

- Glossy median fovea not present above posterior ocelli on vertex ( Fig. 34 ); apex of clypeus with strong inverted U-shaped incision medially ( Fig. 32 ); basal area of clypeus medially weakly raised with indistinct median carina ( Fig. 32 ). India: Kerala ..................................................... sreeramani Mawadda, Girish Kumar & Sureshan sp. nov.

7. Setae on anterior sides of mesoscutum silvery ( Figs 25, 26 ); propodeum ferruginous except dorsal median area and posterior side black ( Fig. 25 ). India: Kerala ........................... georgei Mawadda, Girish Kumar & Sureshan sp. nov.

- Setae on anterior sides of mesoscutum golden; propodeum entirely black. India: Sikkim ....... varicornis ( Cameron, 1904)

8. Ventral side of hind femur either flattened or medially excavated................................................ 9

- Ventral side of hind femur rounded...................................................................... 14

9. Hind femur near base without tooth. Sumatra and Solomon Is.................................... nigra ( Maidl, 1925)

- Hind femur near base with tooth........................................................................ 10

10. Forelegs ferruginous, other legs with some ferruginous colouration; scutellum without medial impression. Indonesia: Java; Philippines: Luzon............................................................ ritsemae ( Ritsema, 1872) ... 11

- Forelegs partly brown or yellowish brown, other legs extensively black; scutellum with longitudinal medial impression... 13

11. Legs ferruginous except parts of all trochanters, all femora and hind tibia black. Indonesia: Java ................................................................................................ ritsemae ritsemae ( Ritsema, 1872)

- At least mid and hind legs extensively black............................................................... 12

12. Mid and hind legs brownish black. Philippines: Luzon Is......................... ritsemae luzonensis Williams, 1928

- Mid leg extensively and hind leg partly ferruginous. Philippines: Mindanao, Negros and Cebu Is............................................................................................. ritsemae mindanaonis Tsuneki, 1983

13. Scape beneath and fore leg extensively brownish yellow; clypeus and propodeal dorsum without median carina; hind femur with tubercle indistinct or lacking; two recurrent veins separated anteriorly. Indonesia: Sumatra; Solomon Is. (see also couplet 9)................................................................................... nigra ( Maidl, 1925)

- Antenna and fore leg black except tarsus brownish; clypeus and propodeal dorsum with median carina; hind femur with tubercle; recurrent vein 1 and 2 united anteriorly and shortly petiolated. Indonesia: West Java ................................................................................................... cavernicola (Van der Vecht, 1937)

14. Hind femur near base beneath with weak tubercle. Philippines: Palawan Is................ palawanensis Williams, 1928

- Hind femur near base beneath without tubercle............................................................. 15

15. First flagellum as long as second flagellum; apical margin of clypeus without median incision....................... 16

- First flagellum longer than second flagellum; apical margin of clypeus with distinct median incision.................. 17

16. Apical margin of clypeus truncate, disc with median carina; fore leg pale testaceous. New Guinea: Minika River.......................................................................................... wollastoni Turner, 1912

- Apical margin of clypeus emarginate, disc without distinct median carina; fore leg black, with tarsus fuscous above and testaceous beneath. Australia: Queensland ................................................ intaminata ( Turner, 1910)

17. Apical part of clypeus and antenna dark brown; clypeus with bevel low, apical marginal area apparently narrower than width of bevel (fig.76 of Tsuneki, 1983), median carina of clypeal disc acute and distinct; first flagellum relatively shorter; inter ocular distance at vertex 1.33 × as long as first flagellum; first flagellum 3.3 × as long as its apical width. New Guinea, Huon Golf and Austrolabe B..................................................................... papuensis Tsuneki, 1983

- Clypeus and antenna black; clypeus with bevel high, apical marginal area as wide as width of bevel (fig. 64 of Tsuneki, 1983), median carina of clypeal disc blunter; first flagellum relatively longer; inter ocular distance at vertex 1.25 × as long as first flagellum; first flagellum 4 × as long as its apical width. New Guinea, Huon Golf.............. huonensis Tsuneki, 1983

18. Apical margin of clypeus with strong median teeth ( Fig. 15 ).................................................. 19

- Apical margin of clypeus without median teeth............................................................. 24

19. Clypeal teeth long and slender; hind femoral tooth longer and pointed ( Fig. 15 )................................... 20

- Clypeal teeth short and stout; hind femoral tooth shorter and blunter............................................ 21

20. Short triangular process present between clypeal teeth; scutellum with deep furrow medially; setae on face pale golden. Indonesia: Java ................................................................ cavernicola (Van der Vecht, 1937)

- Triangular process absent between clypeal teeth; scutellum without furrow medially; setae on face silvery. India: Kerala ......................................................... dinesani Mawadda, Girish Kumar & Sureshan sp. nov.

21. Clypeus, mandibles, prothorax, legs and first tergite extensively ferruginous. Sri Lanka..... faciatiipennis ( Cameron, 1889)

- Clypeus, mandibles, prothorax, legs and first tergite extensively black................... ritsemae ( Ritsema, 1872) ... 22

22. Mid and hind legs extensively ferruginous. Indonesia: Java ......................... ritsemae ritsemae ( Ritsema, 1872)

- Mid and hind legs partly or entirely blackish............................................................... 23

23. Mid and hind legs black. Philippines, Micronesia, Hawaii, and China................ ritsemae luzonensis Williams, 1928

- Mid leg extensively and hind leg partly ferruginous. Philippines................... ritsemae mindanaonis Tsuneki, 1983

24. Apical margin of clypeus truncate....................................................................... 25

- Apical margin of clypeus emarginate..................................................................... 26

25. Antenna and legs black; sides of propodeum striate. Indonesia: Sumatra; Solomon Is................. nigra ( Maidl, 1925)

- Antenna reddish, at least foreleg extensively ferruginous; sides of propodeum without striae. Philippines: Palawan Is................................................................................... palawanensis Williams, 1928

26. Apical margin of clypeus with median straight area narrow, with lateral teeth comparatively weak and small; first tergum strongly swollen at apex, 1.25 × as long as its apical width; last sternum medially deeply incised at apex; paramere and penis of genitalia thicker and stronger than in alternate species as in Figs 61–63 of Tsuneki, 1983. New Guinea................................................................................................. papuana Tsuneki, 1983

- Apical margin of clypeus with median straight area broader, with lateral teeth comparatively strong and large; first tergum not so strongly swollen at apex, 1.42 × as long as its apical width; last sternum without incision at apex; paramere and penis much slender and weaker as in Figs 74 & 75 of Tsuneki, 1983. New Guinea......................... papuensis Tsuneki, 1983

Figures

FIGURES 1–8. Dicranorhina dinesani sp. nov., holotype ♀. 1. Body in profile, lateral view; 2. Head, frontal view; 3. Clypeus; 4. Left mandible; 5. Area around ocelli; 6. Antenna; 7. Head and Mesosoma; 8. Hind tibia

FIGURES 17–24. Dicranorhina georgei sp. nov., holotype ♀.17. Body in profile; 18. Head, frontal view; 19. Clypeus; 20. Left mandible; 21. Area around ocelli; 22. Antenna; 23. Forewing; 24. Hindwing.

FIGURES 25–32. Dicranorhina spp. 25–29. Dicranorhina georgei sp. nov., holotype ♀. 25. Head and Mesosoma, dorsal view; 26. Mesosoma, lateral view; 27. Hind tibia; 28. Metasoma, dorsal view; 29. Pygidium. 30–32. Dicranorhina sreeramani sp. nov., holotype ♀. 30. Body in profile; 31. Head, frontal view; 32. Clypeus.

FIGURES 33–41. Dicranorhina sreeramani sp. nov., holotype ♀. 33. Right mandible; 34.Area around ocelli; 35. Antenna; 36. Forewing; 37. Hindwing; 38. Head and Mesosoma, dorsal view; 39. Hind tibia; 40. Metasoma, dorsal view; 41. Pygidium.

FIGURES 9–16. Dicranorhina dinesani sp. nov., holotype ♀ and paratype ♂. 9–12. Holotype ♀. 9. Forewing; 10. Hindwing; 11. Metasoma, dorsal view; 12. Pygidium. 13–16. Paratype ♂.13. Body in profile; 14. Head, frontal view; 15. Clypeus; 16. Hind femur