Protoiurus stathiae Soleglad, Fet, Kovařík, 2012

Soleglad, Michael E., Fet, Victor, Kovařík, František & Yağmur, Ersen Aydın, 2012, Etudes on iurids, V. Further revision of Iurus Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Iuridae), with a description of a new genus and two new species, Euscorpius 143, pp. 1-70 : 45-53

Protoiurus stathiae Soleglad, Fet, Kovařík , et

Yağmur, sp. nov.

( Figs. 68–88; Table 9)

REFERENCES:

Iurus dufoureius: Werner, 1936b: 17 ; Menozzi, 1941: 234 (in part); Kinzelbach, 1966: 12; Kinzelbach, 1975: 21 (in part); Kinzelbach, 1982: 58 (in part); Kinzelbach, 1985: map IV (in part); Fet, 2000: 49 (in part?; Kasos); Stathi & Mylonas, 2001: 290 (in part); Soleglad et al., 2009: 2 (in part).

Jurus (incorrect subsequent spelling) dufoureius: Werner, 1938: 172 (in part); Vachon, 1948: 62 (in part); Vachon, 1953: 96 (in part).

Iurus asiaticus: Francke, 1981: 221 (in part); Vachon & Kinzelbach, 1987: 99, 102, fig. 6 (in part); Crucitti, 1995a: 2, fig. 1 (in part); Crucitti & Malori, 1998: 133 (in part).

Iurus dufoureius asiaticus: Kritscher, 1993: 382–383 (in part); Sissom & Fet, 2000: 419 (in part); Parmakelis et al., 2006: 253 (in part); Facheris, 2007a: 1–2 (in part); Facheris, 2007b: 1–2 (in part).

Iurus sp. : Fet, 2010: 8; Kovařík et al., 2010: 4–5, 189, figs. 48, 95.

Type material: Holotype ♂ Greece, Karpathos , Karpathos Town, forest in SE (35.50 ºN, 27.2333 ºE), 10

April 1978, leg. E. Kritscher ( NHMW 15928 ); paratypes, same label as holotype, 3 ♂ 3 ♀ ( NHMW 15928 ) .

Diagnosis. Medium sized species, 75–85 mm. Orangebrown carapace and mesosoma, legs, metasoma, and pedipalps lighter orange to yellow, pedipalp carinae dark reddish-brown, distinctly contrasted with palm. Pectinal tooth counts large for genus, 11–15 (12.93) in males, 10–14 (11.03) in females. Chelal movable finger lobe in adult males located on distal half, lobe ratio 0.52–0.53; a well-developed proximal gap on fixed finger present in adult males; movable finger of adult males essentially straight, not highly curved; number of inner denticles (ID) of chelal movable finger, 13–14 (13.4); hemispermatophore type 1a. Dominant morphometrics refer to chelal movable and fixed finger lengths.

Distribution. Greece: Karpathos Island;?Kasos Island,?Saria Island. See map in Fig. 17 and Material Studied section above.

Etymology. We are honored to name this new species after our wonderful colleague, the Greek scorpiologist Dr. Iasmi Stathi (Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece).

MALE. The following description is based on holotype male from Karpathos Town , Karpathos Island, Greece. Measurements of the holotype plus five other specimens are presented in Table 9. See Figure 68 for a dorsal and ventral view of the male holotype .

COLORATION. Basic color of carapace and mesosoma orange-brown; femur and patella of pedipalp, metasoma and telson light orange; chela dark orange and legs yellow; pedipalp carinae reddish-brown; metasomal carinae light orange; sternites brown; genital operculum, basal piece and pectines yellow-tan. Eyes and tubercles black, leg condyles and aculeus tip dark brown.

CARAPACE ( Fig. 71). Anterior edge with a conspicuous median indentation, approximately eleven irregularly placed setae visible; entire surface densely covered with small to medium granules, the largest occurring between the lateral eyes. Mediolateral ocular carinae welldeveloped and granulated, extending to the lateral eyes; there are three lateral eyes, the posterior eye the smallest. Median eyes and tubercle of medium size, postion-

Soleglad, Fet, Kovařík & Yağmur: Iurus Revisited 49

ed anterior of middle with the following length and width ratios: 0.354 (anterior edge to medium tubercle middle / carapace length) and 0.169 (width of median tubercle including eyes / width of carapace at that point).

MESOSOMA ( Figs. 72, 77). Tergites I–VII rough in appearance; tergite VII lateral and median carinae irregularly crenulated. Sternites III–VII smooth and lustrous; VII with crenulated lateral carinae and smooth median carinae ( Fig. 77). Stigmata ( Fig. 72) are medium in size and slit-like in shape, angled 45° in an anterointernal direction.

METASOMA ( Fig. 73). Segment I wider than long. Segments I–IV: dorsal carinae crenulated on I–II, serrated on III–IV; dorsolateral carinae crenulated; dorsal carinae with 11/8, 12/11, 11/10, and 12/10 spines (left/right carina); dorsal (I–IV) and dorsolateral (I–III) carinae do not terminate with an enlarged spine; lateral carinae irregularly granulated on I, granulated on posterior one-third of II; obsolete on segments III–IV; ventrolateral carinae smooth on I, irregularly granulated on II, and crenulated on III–IV; ventromedian carinae smooth on I–II, irregularly granulated on III, and crenulated on IV. Dorsolateral carinae of segment IV terminate at articulation condyle. Segment V: dorsolateral carinae serrated; lateral carinae irregularly granulated for two-thirds of posterior aspect; ventrolateral and single ventromedian carinae serrated; ventromedian carina not bifurcated, terminating in straight line. Anal arch with 14 small serrated granules. Intercarinal areas of segments I–V essentially smooth with scattered granulation on ventral surface of segment V. Segments I–V with scattered setae on ventral, lateral and dorsal aspects, heaviest on segment V.

TELSON ( Fig. 73). Vesicle elongated, with highly curved aculeus. Vesicle essentially void of granules; ventral surface densely covered with elongated curved setae; dorsal surface irregularly scattered with short to medium length setae; base of aculeus with setation ventrally and dorsally. Vesicular tabs with 5–6 small pointed spines.

PECTINES ( Fig. 74, Fig. 78, paratype female). Welldeveloped segments exhibiting length / width ratio 2.297 (length taken at anterior lamellae / width at widest point including teeth). Sclerite construction complex, three anterior lamellae and five middle lamella; fulcra of medium development. Teeth number 12/12. Sensory areas developed along most of tooth inner length on all teeth, including basal tooth. Scattered setae found on anterior lamellae and distal pectinal tooth. Basal piece large, with well-developed indentation along anterior edge, length / width ratio 0.495.

GENITAL OPERCULUM ( Fig. 74). Sclerites triangular, longer than wide, separated for entire length. Genital papillae present but hidden behind sclerites (see discussion on female below).

STERNUM ( Fig. 74). Type 2, posterior emargination present, well-defined convex lateral lobes, apex visible but not conspicuous; anterior portion of genital operculum situated proximally between lateral lobes; sclerite length and width approximately the same.

CHELICERAE ( Fig. 79, paratype female). Movable finger dorsal edge with one large subdistal (sd) denticle; ventral edge with one large pigmented accessory denticle at finger midpoint; ventral edge serrula not visible. Ventral distal denticle (vd) slightly longer than dorsal (dd). Fixed finger with four denticles, median (m) and basal (b) denticles conjoined on common trunk; no ventral accessory denticles present.

PEDIPALPS ( Figs. 69, 70, 80). Well-developed chelae, with short fingers, heavily carinated, conspicuous scalloping on chelal fingers: well-developed lobe on movable finger, positioned distal of midpoint in ratio 0.52; proximal gap well-developed on fixed finger. Femur: Dorsointernal, dorsoexternal and ventrointernal carinae serrated, ventroexternal irregularly granulated. Dorsal surface covered with minute granules and ventral surface with granules medially, internal surface with line of 20 granules and external surface with line of 16 granules. Patella: Dorsointernal and ventrointernal carinae serrated, dorsoexternal and ventroexternal crenulated, and exteromedian carina strong and serrated, a second carina found medially irregularly granulated. Dorsal and ventral surfaces with minute granules medially; external surface with serrated exteromedian carina; internal surface smooth with well-developed, doubled DPS and VPS. Chelal carinae: Complies with the “8- carinae configuration”. Digital (D1) carina strong, lustrous, and closely granulated; dorsosecondary (D3) irregularly granulated, connected to D1 laterally with granules; dorsomarginal (D4) rounded, heavily granulated; dorsointernal (D5) weak with medially placed serrated granules; ventroexternal (V1) strong and crenulated; ventrointernal (V3) rounded and granulated, continuous to internal condyle; external (E) strong, crenulated; internal (I) rounded, irregularly serrated. Chelal finger dentition ( Fig. 69): Median denticle (MD) row groups oblique and highly imbricated, 11/11 on the fixed finger (to gap) and 13/14 on movable finger; 10/10 ID s to socket beginning on fixed finger and 13/13 ID s on movable finger; 9/9 OD s on fixed finger

(to gap) and 12/13 OD s on movable finger. No accessory denticles present. Trichobothrial patterns ( Fig. 80): Type C, orthobothriotaxic.

LEGS ( Fig. 76). Both pedal spurs present on all legs, lacking spinelets; tibial spurs absent. Tarsus with conspicuous spinule clusters in single row on ventral surface (numbering 7-7-8-9 for legs I–IV, respectively), terminating distally with a pair of enlarged spinule clusters. Unguicular spine (dactyl) well-developed and pointed. Basitarsus with external and internal rows of spinule clusters as follows: 16/8 - 12/3 - 3/2 - 2/3 for legs I–IV, respectively

HEMISPERMATOPHORE ( Fig. 81). Hemispermatophore is type 1a: Distal lamina is tapered and pointed; internal nodule is conspicuously developed and pointed; transverse trunk bolsters are absent; acuminate process terminus is truncated. Specific ratio values for this species are the following based on two specimens: lamina length / trunk length = 0.965–1.037 (1.001) and lamina distal length / lamina basal length = 1.471–1.558 (1.515). Hemispermatophore length of holotype male is 10.795mm.

Male and female variability ( Figs. 82–87). As seen in Figures 82–87, the adult female does not exhibit a proximal gap and the movable finger lobe is not as developed as in the male. In sexually mature males, a sizable proximal gap is visible. The position of the lobe is slightly more basal on the female for comparable developmental stages, carapace length / MF lobe ratio only showing a 5.1 % difference (see Fig. 64). For adult comparisons, the female lobe is slightly proximal of midpoint whereas the male is distal, as shown in the following ranges, 0.474–0.487 (0.481) [5] for the female, and 0.516 –0.532 (0.523) [3] for the male. There is no significant sexual dimorphism in morphometrics. Though the male has a slightly thinner metasoma, the MVDs (L/W) only ranged from 0.1 to 3.8 %. The chelal length as compared to its width and depth, we see 6.7 % and 11.1 % difference, respectively. Pectinal tooth counts in males exceed those of females by approximately 1.9 teeth, male 11–15 (12.93) [14], female 10– 14 (11.03) [14] (see histograms in Fig. 5). The genital operculum of the male is dramatically different from that in the female ( Figs. 74, 78). The sclerites, subtriangular in shape, are as long as or longer than wide in the male, whereas in the female the sclerites are short and wide, more than twice as wide as long. Whereas the sclerites are fused medially in the female, they are separated along their entire length in the male, exposing significantly developed genital papillae. The enlarged genital operculum of the male extends distally between the lateral lobes of the sternum partially obscuring its proximal region. Figures 68 and 88 show dorsal and ventral views of both male and female specimens.