Thalictrum uncinulatum Franchet ex Lecoyer (1885: 169)

Zeng, You-Pai, Yuan, Qiong & Yang, Qin-Er, 2021, Thalictrum brevisericeum var. pentagynum (Ranunculaceae), a new synonym of T. uncinulatum from China, Phytotaxa 497 (2), pp. 97-112 : 106-110

Thalictrum uncinulatum Franchet ex Lecoyer (1885: 169) . Figs. 1‒8

≡ T. uncinulatum Franchet (1886: 187) , isonym.

Type:— CHINA. Sichuan: Moupin county (now Baoxing county ), in forests on high mountains, 1870 (precise date unknown), A. David s.n. (lectotype P00155151 !, designated here; isolectotype P00155152 !). Fig. 3 .

= T. brevisericeum var. pentagynum Wang (2018: 88) , syn. nov.

Type:— CHINA. Sichuan: Heishui county, in forests, 26 July 2009, L. Gu & Z. R. Li 1331 [holotype A00353817 !; isotypes A01005797 !, CDBI (4 sheets, barcodes unavailable)!]. Figs. 1 , 2 .

Description:—Perennial herbs. Roots fibrous. Stem 60‒120 cm tall, distally branched, puberulous throughout. Leaves 2‒4-ternate; blade triangular, 10‒21 cm long, 10‒21 cm broad; leaflets ovate, broadly ovate or broadly elliptic, 1.5‒5 cm long, 1.3‒4 cm broad, papery, adaxially green, nearly glabrous, abaxially pale green, densely puberulous, base rounded or subcordate, apex obtuse or acute, 3-lobate; lobes 3‒5-denticulate; veins adaxially flat, slightly abaxially prominent; petioles slender, 1.5‒7 cm long; stipules membranous, margin torn. Thyrse up to 20 cm long, sometimes corymbiform, many-flowered; rachis densely puberulous. Pedicels 1.5‒6 mm long, densely puberulous. Flowers bisexual, erect. Sepals 4, caducous, obovate, broadly ovate, narrowly elliptic or elliptic, 3‒5-nerved, ca. 4 mm long, ca. 2 mm broad, white or pinkish, abaxially sparsely puberulous or glabrous. Stamens 30‒40, ca. 5 mm long; filaments narrowly oblanceolate-linear, ca. 4 mm long, white; anthers oblong or broadly ovate, ca. 1 mm long, apex obtuse, white. Carpels 3‒12, ca. 2 mm long, stipitate; stipe ca. 0.4 mm long; ovary lunate-fusiform, shallowly ribbed, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous or sparsely puberulous; style ca. 1 mm long, slightly recurved at apex; stigma conspicuous, linear, ca. 0.5 mm long. Achenes ca. 3 mm long, stipitate; stipe ca. 0.5 mm long; body fusiform, profoundly ribbed, glabrous or sparsely puberulous; style persistent, recurved at apex.

Phenology:—Flowering from July to August; fruiting from August to September.

Distribution and habitat:— Thalictrum uncinulatum is widely distributed in Chongqing municipality and southern Gansu, northern and western Guizhou, western Hubei, northern Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, and northeastern Yunnan provinces, China ( Fig. 11 ). It grows in forests, along forest margins or on grassy slopes at altitudes of 1500– 3500 m above sea level.

Lectotypification:— Lecoyer (1885) included Thalictrum uncinulatum Franchet (1886) in his monograph, so “ T. uncinulatum Franchet (1886) ” is treated here as an isonym. In the Flora of China vol. 6, Fu & Zhu (2001) correctly cited the name as “ T. uncinulatum Franchet ex Lecoyer (1885) ”.

Lecoyer (1885) described Thalictrum uncinulatum on the basis of a collection, A. David s.n., from Moupin county (now Baoxing county) in western Sichuan, China. We have been able to trace two sheets of this collection, both of which were annotated T. uncinulatum in Franchet’s hand ( Fig. 3 ). They are well preserved and match well with the original description and are therefore syntypes as there is no evidence that only one was used to prepare the original description. In conformity with ICN Art. 9.3 and Art. 9.11 ( Turland et al. 2018) and as discussed by McNeill (2014), a lectotypification is needed for T. uncinulatum . The sheet with the barcode P00155151 ( Fig. 3A ) that bears a dissection drawing has been chosen as the lectotype, and the other sheet with the barcode P00155152 ( Fig. 3B ) cited as an isolectotype.

Additional specimens examined:— CHINA. Chongqing: Chengkou, Bashan Exped. 95 (PE01850754), Bashan Exped. 458 (PE01850743), Bashan Exped. 1251 (PE01850738), Bashan Exped. 2113 (PE01850749), T.L. Tai 101295 (PE00427926, SZ00092761, SZ00092762), T.L. Tai 101337 (PE00427925), T.L. Tai 101361 (HNWP, barcode unavailable, PE00427927, SZ00092759, SZ00092760); Fengjie, Sanxia Exped. 3115 (PE01868167); Kaizhou, Bashan Exped. 2185 (PE01433938, PE01850753), Bashan Exped. 2445 (PE01433936, PE01850755); Nanchuan, Anonymous 624 (SM, barcode unavailable), Anonymous 704 (SM704604962), Anonymous 705 (SM704604961), Anonymous 805 (SM, barcode unavailable, SM704604963), Anonymous 96157 (SM, barcode unavailable, SM704604965), C.H. Hsiung & T.L. Chow 92125 (IBSC0090411, PE00427928, SZ00092753, SZ00092754), C.H. Hsiung & T.L. Chow

92183 (IBSC0090414, PE00427905, SZ00092755, SZ00092756), C.H. Hsiung & T.L. Chow 92718 (IBSC0090413, KUN0690377, PE00427929, SZ00092751, SZ00092752, WUK, barcode unavailable), C.H. Hsiung & T.L. Chow 95254 (NAS00187899, SM704604964, SM704604966, SZ00092750), Jinfo Shan Exped. 2091 (PE00427895, PE00470982), Jinfo Shan Exped. 2322 (PE00470960), Plant Geogr. Exped. 864 (CDBI0026382, PE01374875, PE01374876, PE01374877); Shizhu, Anonymous 674 (SM704604960), Y. Chen 2001 (CDBI0026380, CDBI0026383, CDBI0026384, SZ00092748, SZ00092749), Y. Chen 2076 (CDBI0026381, CDBI0026385, CDBI0026386, SZ00092747, SZ00092746); Wuxi, P.Y. Li 2984 (NAS, barcode unavailable). Gansu: Precise locality unknown, G.N. Potanin s.n. (LE, barcode unavailable); Tanchang, W.Y. Hsia 6847 (PE00427876), T.P. Wang 14573 (PE00427875, WUK, barcode unavailable); Wenxian, C.L. Tang 1627 (HNWP, barcode unavailable, IBK00356935, KUN0690366, PE01962178, WUK, 2 sheets, barcodes unavailable), Y.P. Zeng, Y.F. Luo & Y.Q. Tao 116 (IBSC, barcode unavailable), Y.P. Zeng 290 (IBSC, barcode unavailable); Zhugqu, P.C. Kuo 5411 (WUK, 2 sheets, barcodes unavailable). Guizhou: Daozhen, Z.Y. Liu 2034442 (IMC0047559); Nayong, Bijie Exped. 675 (HGAS10977, PE00427916, PE00427917, PE01458773); Tongzi, B.B. Ge BQ105 (ZY0000364), Z.T. Rao BQ122 (ZY0000363). Hubei: Badong, K.H. Fu & T.S. Chang947 (IBSC0090621, KUN0690363, LBG00051805,NAS00187932, NAS00187933,PE00427889, PE00427890, PE00427891, WUK, barcode unavailable), C.M. Hu 566 (LBG00051808, LBG00051831), Hubei Plant Exped. 24528 (PE00450349); Enshi, K.H. Fu & T.S. Chang 1276 (IBSC0090622, KUN0690364, LBG00051804, NAS00187934, NAS00187935, NAS00187936, PE00427886, PE00427887, PE00427888); Jianshi, C.R. Wang 875 (PE00875601), C.R. Wang 1466 (PE00875602); Precise locality unknown, A. Henry 2424 (K, barcodes unavailable); Shennongjia, 1980 Sino-Amer. Exped. 148 (KUN0690365, NAS00187931), Shennongjia Exped. 22442 (PE00427885); Xianfeng, Y.M. Wang 6550 (PE00427884); Yichang, R. Long 90819014 (PE01433994), C.M. Zhao EX0006 (PE01800627). Hunan: Shimen, Huping Shan Exped. 1237 (PE00427880, PE00427881, PE00450367), Huping Shan Exped. 1316 (PE00427883), Huping Shan Exped. 1332 (PE00427882, PE00450368). Shaanxi: Baoji, Q.R. Liu et al. MTTO247 (BNU002134); Langao, P.Y. Li 3183 (NAS, barcode unavailable, WUK, 2 sheets, barcodes unavailable), T.L. Tai 101337 (PE, barcode unavailable, PE, barcode unavailable, PE00427877, PE00427878, SZ00092757, SZ00092758), Z.P. Wei & S.H. Luo 304 (WUK, barcode unavailable); Meixian, S.F. Li et al. 12239 (XBGH002617), Y.M. Liang 160 (WUK, 2 sheets, barcodes unavailable); Nanzheng, Yan S. Chen et al. 4002 (WUK, 3 sheets, barcode unavailable); Ningshan, K.T. Fu 17638 (PE01962177, WUK, 2 sheets, barcodes unavailable), S.F. Li et al. 11260 (XBGH001771); Pingli, Z.H. Wu 1142 (WUK, barcode unavailable), Y.P. Zeng & Q.L. Huang 419 (IBSC, barcode unavailable), Y.P. Zeng & Q.L. Huang 427 (IBSC, barcode unavailable). Sichuan: Anzhou, Anxian Exped. 54 (SM, barcode unavailable, SM704604878); Baoxing, T.S. Ying 10098 (PE00427898), T.T. Yu 2364 (IBSC0090629, IBSC0090630, NAS00187913, NAS00187918, PE00427897, PE00427933, PE01040634); Beichuan, Beichuan Exped. 178 (SM, barcode unavailable, SM704604879), C.L. Tang 331 (CDBI0054679); Chongzhou, Z.B. Feng, D.H. Zhu & X.J. Li 4295 (PE01962263, WCSBG, 2 sheets, barcodes unavailable), W.B. Ju & M. Li AZH00151 (CDBI0235997, CDBI0235998); Dayi, J.P. Luo 221 (IBSC, barcode unavailable), J.P. Luo 533 (IBSC, barcode unavailable); Emei, Anonymous 729 (KUN0690002), Anonymous 1632 (SM704604596, SM704604611), Anonymous 13149 (SM704604819), S.Y. Chen et al. 3491 (SM, barcode unavailable, SM704604976), S.Y. Chen et al. 4027 (SM, barcode unavailable, SM, barcode unavailable, SM704604977, SZ00092768, SZ00092769), S.Y. Chen et al. 4084 (SM704604978), S.Y. Chen et al. 4342 (NAS000187917, SM704604975, SM704604979, SZ00092766), S.Y. Chen, C. Ho & M.F. Zhong 6298 (NAS00187901, SM704604982, SZ00092767), T.Y. Chou & G.J. Xu 301 (NAS00187903), W.P. Fang 2817 (E, barcode unavailable, NAS, barcode unavailable, NAS00187908), W.P. Fang 12950 (BM, barcode unavailable, KUN0690670), W.P. Fang 20514 (SZ00092774), C.H. Hisung, S.S. Chang & H.L. Tsiang 31865 (LBG00051806, NAS, barcode unavailable, NAS00187926, PE01040635, SZ00092763), C.H. Hisung, S.S. Chang & H.L. Tsiang 32323 (LBG00051807, NAS, barcode unavailable, SZ00092764), Y.Y. Ho 5990 (NAS00187900, NAS00187906, NAS00187907, NAS00187919, NAS00187924, NAS00187922), K.C. Kuan et al. 4082 (E, barcode unavailable, PE00427894, PE00427921), T.N. Liou & P.C. Tsoong 1287 (WUK, barcode unavailable), Sichuan Med. Plant Exped. 12666 (NAS00187902, NAS00187904, SM704604983), Sichuan Med. Plant Exped. 13249 (NAS00187898), L.Y. Tai 273 (NAS00187930), Y.H. Tau 51479 (SZ00092775, SZ00092776, SZ00092777, SZ00092778, WUK, 2 sheets, barcodes unavailable), Y.H. Tau 51742 (SZ00092765, SZ00092779, SZ00092780), F.T.Wang 23477 (IBSC0090633, KUN0690000, LBG00051810, LE, barcode unavailable, NAS00187921, NAS00187925, P00145836, PE00427901, PE00427912, PE00427930, WUK, barcode unavailable), E.H. Wilson 4700a (K, barcode unavailable, NAS, barcode unavailable, P00155154, P00155155), C.Y. Wu et al. O-102 (KUN0690376), Y.L. Xu 960150 (PE01962265), Y.L. Xu 960447 (PE00916274), Y.L. Xu 960846 (PE01814213), K.H. Yang 56283 (IBSC0090792, KUN0690573, KUN0690575, NAS00187920, PE00427902, SZ00092772, SZ00092773), K.H. Yang 56656 (IBSC0090793 KUN0690540, NAS00187914, PE00427903, PE00471588, SZ00092770, SZ00092771, WUK, barcode unavailable), Y.P. Zeng, Y.F. Luo & Y.Q. Tao 166 (IBSC, barcode unavailable), M.F. Zhong & S.G. Tang 4396 (SM704604980), M.F. Zhong & S.G. Tang 4530 (SM, barcode unavailable, SM704604814), M.F. Zhong & S.G. Tang 4600 (SM704604981); Hanyuan, H.C. Chow 524 (NAS00187928), Hanyuan Exped. 828 (SM, barcode unavailable, SM704604958); Heishui, L. Gu & Z.R. Li 1596 (IBSC0735573), H. Li et al. 73989 (IBSC, barcode unavailable, IBSC0090802, NAS00187912, NAS00187909, PE00427909, SZ00092788, WUK, barcode unavailable), H. Li et al. 74056 (IBSC0090803, NAS00187911, PE00471617, SZ00092785, SZ00092786, SZ00092787), C.R. Sun 195 (IBSC0090615, IBSC0090616); Hongya, W.K. Bao et al. 3177 (CDBI0026412, CDBI0026413), Hongya Exped. 1078 (SM, barcode unavailable, SM704604974), Hongya Exped. 1172 (SM704604880, SM704604973); Hongyuan, S.Y. Chen et al. 5728 (NAS00187910); Jiuzhaigou; W.L. Chen et al. 8525 (PE00427910), C.Y. Wu et al. 86-940 (KUN0691394, KUN0691409), C.Y. Wu et al. 86-1053 (KUN0691393); Leibo, Anonymous 605 (SZ00092789, SZ00092790), Z.T. Guan 7637 (PE00471448), Leibo Exped. 1193 (SM, barcode unavailable, SM704604970), T.T. Yu 3509 (IBSC0090631, IBSC0090632, PE00427896, PE00427906, PE00427932), Q.S. Zhao545 (PE00427892, SZ00091953), Q.S. Zhao& M.Y.He121465A (SZ00092784); Lixian, S.Y. Chen, C. Ho & M.F. Zhong 5365 (SM, barcode unavailable, SM704604968), S.Y. Chen, C. Ho & M.F. Zhong 5828 (SM, barcode unavailable, SM, barcode unavailable, SM, barcode unavailable, SM704604929, SZ00092797), D.Z. Deng 1510 (SZ00092803), W.P. Fang & W.K. Hu 53-955A (SZ0092793), W.P. Fang & W.K. Hu 873 (SZ00092794, SZ00092795, SZ00092796), D.P. Ho 44892 (SZ00092800, SZ00092801, SZ00092802), H.S. Kung 1943 (SZ00092798, SZ00092799), C.L. Wu 33376 (PE00427908); Luding, J.I. Jeon et al. SI1466 (PE01899376), Veget. Exped. 41910 (CDBI0026410, CDBI0026411), Veget. Exped. 41911 (CDBI0026409); Maoxian, X.F. Gao & Y.L. Peng 1576 (CDBI0189439), C. Ho & T.L. Chow 13359 (IBSC0090624, LBG00051809, NAS00187915, PE00471616, SZ00092791), Maoxian Exped. 887 (SM, barcode unavailable, SM704604969), M. Tamura et al. 594 (CDBI0026487), F.T. Wang 21831 (NAS00187916, NAS00187923, NAS00187927, PE00427907, PE00427931, WUK, barcode unavailable), C.S. Yok et al. 64132 (NAS, barcode unavailable, NAS00187260); Meigu, Meigu Exped. 374 (SM, barcode unavailable, SM704604971), Sichuan Econ. Plant Exped. 1477 (KUN0690674, PE00427904, PE00427913); Mianzhu, Mianzhu Exped. 321 (SM, barcode unavailable, SM704604955); Nanjiang, Anonymous 731 (SM704604959), B. Chen et al. 562 (SZ00091918); Pengzhou, X.J. He, Q.S. Zhao & Q. Wang 134512 (SZ00375333, SZ00375334, SZ00375338); Pingwu, Anonymous 43 (CDBI0026447, CDBI0026449), Anonymous 59 (CDBI0026448), X.J. He, Q.S. Zhao & Q. Wang 153640 (SZ00375354), Pingwu Exped. 633 (SM, barcode unavailable, SM704604957); Qingchuan, Anonymous 2712 (SM, barcode unavailable, SM, barcode unavailable, SM704604956); Shifang, X.J. He, Q.S. Zhao & Q. Wang 138157 (SZ00375230, SZ00375231, SZ00375233, SZ00375234); Tianquan, Anonymous 45961 (CDBI0026173, CDBI0026174), X.J. He & Q.S. Zhao 194587 (SZ00571397, SZ00571398), K.C. Kuan & W.T. Wang 1978 (K, barcode unavailable, PE00427911, PE00427915, PE00427922, PE00427923, PE01573244), K.C. Kuan & W.T. Wang 2106 (PE00427900, PE00427924, PE00470956, PE01573240), H.L. Tsiang 34886 (NAS, PE00427899, SZ00092792), P. Zhuang et al. T306 (PE01962264); Wangcang, Bashan Exped. 5426 (SZ00490054); Wenchuan, H.B. Chen 87041 (PEM0002847, PEM0002850), X.J. He, Q.S. Zhao & Q. Wang 130194 (SZ00375309, SZ00375310, SZ00375311, SZ00375312, SZ00375340, SZ00375341), X.J. He, Q.S. Zhao & Q. Wang 149851 (SZ00375301, SZ00375302, SZ00375303, SZ00375304); Yingjing, X.J. He & Q.S. Zhao 191358 (SZ01059894, SZ01059895, SZ01059896), X.J. He & Q.S. Zhao 192888 (SZ00571320, SZ00571321, SZ00571322, SZ01059897); Yuexi, Sichuan Econ. Plant Exped. 3839 (PE00427914). Yunnan: Daguan, NE Yunnan Exped. 361 (KUN0690699, KUN0690700, PE00427934); Zhenxiong, D.D. Tao 792056 (KUN0689774).

Notes:—Of the collections cited under Thalictrum uncinulatum by Wang (2018), the collection information (collection number and/or locality) of some was wrongly given, and some were misidentified ( Fig. 12 ). The collections Y.M. Wang 6560, K.C. Kuan & W.T. Wang 1878, W.Y. Hsia 6487 and K.C. Kuan 2893 should be corrected as Y.M. Wang 6550, K.C. Kuan & W.T. Wang 1978, W.Y. Hsia 6847 and K.C. Kuan 2393, respectively. The collection S.L. Sun 60846 should be corrected as Y.L. Xu 960846, and this collection was not made from Sichuan’s Jiulong county, but from Emei county. The collection T.S. Ying 10098 was not made from Sichuan’s Tianquan county, but from Baoxing county. The collection K.C. Kuan 2393 from Songxian county in Henan province should be referred to the type variety of T. brevisericeum , i.e. T. brevisericeum var. brevisericeum . In fact, a duplicate of this collection at KUN was correctly identified as T. brevisericeum by W.T. Wang in 1984 on the determination slip ( Fig. 12A ), although the duplicate at PE was misidentified as T. uncinulatum by him in 1997 on the determination slip and cited under this species by him ( Wang 2018; Fig. 12B ). We have not seen any material of T. uncinulatum from Henan province and thus this species should be excluded from the flora of Henan. The collection K.H. Yang 58630 from Wuxi county in Chongqing municipality actually belongs to T. robustum Maximowicz (1890: 18), a widely distributed Chinese species similar to T. uncinulatum in habit but distinguishable from it by having indistinctly (vs. distinctly) 3-lobate leaflets, purplish (vs. white) filaments, and sessile (vs. distinctly stipitate) carpels and achenes. There are two duplicates of this collection at PE. One was first identified as T. clematidifolium Franchet (1894: 273) by W.T. Wang in 1960 on the determination slip and then as T. robustum (T. clematidifolium is one of its synonyms), and correctly cited under this species by him ( Wang 2018; Fig. 12C ), but the other was misidentified as T. uncinulatum by him in 1997 on the determination slip and then wrongly cited under this species by him ( Wang 2018; Fig. 12D ).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Holotype sheet of Thalictrum brevisericeum var. pentagynum (= T. uncinulatum). Inset a: portion of leaflet (abaxial side); inset b: portion of inflorescence rachis.

FIGURE 2. Isotype sheets (A‒D) of Thalictrum brevisericeum var. pentagynum (= T. uncinulatum). A, B. Inset a: portion of stem; inset b: portion of leaflet (abaxial side); inset c: portion of inflorescence rachis. C. Inset a: portion of stem; inset b: portion of inflorescence rachis; inset c: carpel. D. Inset a: portion of inflorescence rachis; inset b: flower.

FIGURE 3. Lectotype (A) and isolectotype (B) sheets of Thalictrum uncinulatum.

FIGURE 4. Selected specimens of Thalictrum uncinulatum. A. China, Chongqing, Chengkou, Bashan Exped. 95 (PE01850754). B. China, Hubei, Badong, K.H. Fu & T.S. Chang 947 (KUN0690363). C. China, Shaanxi, Langao, P.Y. Li 3183 (WUK, barcode unavailable). D. China, Sichuan, Emei, K.H. Yang 56283 (SZ00092773).

FIGURE 5. Selected specimens of Thalictrum uncinulatum from Heishui county in Sichuan province, China, the type locality of T. brevisericeum var.pentagynum (= T. uncinulatum).A. H. Li et al. 73989 (NAS, barcode unavailable). B. H. Li et al. 73989 (WUK, barcode unavailable). C. H. Li et al. 74056 (NAS00187911). D. H. Li et al. 74056 (SZ00092786).

FIGURE 6. Thalictrum uncinulatum in the wild (Emei county in Sichuan province, China). A. Habit. B. Portion of stem. C. Portion of leaf. D. leaflets (inset: portion of abaxial side). E. Portion of inflorescence rachis. F. Flower, with the sepals having fallen. G. Stamens. H. Carpels. I. Aggregate fruit (immature). Photographed by Y.P. Zeng.

FIGURE 7. Thalictrum uncinulatum in the wild (Wenxian county in Gansu province, China).A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Portion of stem. D. Leaf (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). E. Leaflets (inset: portion of abaxial side). F. Portion of inflorescence rachis. G. Flower, with the sepals having fallen. H. Sepals. I. Stamens. J. Carpels. K. Aggregate fruit (immature). L. Achenes (immature). Photographed by Y.P. Zeng.

FIGURE 8. Thalictrum uncinulatum in the wild (Pingli county in Shaanxi province, China).A. Habit. B. Flower, with the sepals having fallen. C. Stamens. D. Carpels. E. Aggregate fruit (immature). F.Achenes (immature). Photographed by Y.P. Zeng.

FIGURE 11. Distribution of Thalictrum uncinulatum (■). Black arrow indicates the type locality of T. uncinulatum, i.e. Baoxing county in Sichuan province, China; blue arrow indicates the type locality of T. brevisericeum var. pentagynum (= T. uncinulatum), i.e. Heishui county in Sichuan province, China.

FIGURE 12. Specimens of Thalictrum brevisericeum var. brevisericeum (A, B) and T. robustum (C, D) previously wrongly cited under T. uncinulatum by Wang (2018). A. China, Henan, Songxian, K.C. Kuan 2393 (KUN0689207). B. Duplicate (PE00427874). C. China, Chongqing, Wuxi, K.H. Yang 58630 (PE00471590). D. Duplicate (PE00427893); inset: flower, showing the sessile carpels.